§15.1.28μεταξὺ δὲ τοῦ Ἰνδοῦ καὶ τοῦ Ὑδάσπου Τάξιλα ἔστι πόλις μεγάλη καὶ εὐνομωτάτη, καὶ ἡ περικειμένη χώρα συχνὴ καὶ σφόδρα εὐδαίμων, ἤδη συνάπτουσα καὶ τοῖς πεδίοις.
Between the Indus and the Hydaspes is Taxila, a large and very well-governed city, and the surrounding country is extensive and very fertile, already joining even the plains.
ἐδέξαντό τε δὴ φιλανθρώπως τὸν Ἀλέξανδρον οἱ ἄνθρωποι καὶ ὁ βασιλεὺς αὐτῶν Ταξίλης· ἔτυχόν τε πλειόνων ἢ αὐτοὶ παρέσχον, ὥστε φθονεῖν τοὺς Μακεδόνας καὶ λέγειν ὡς οὐκ εἶχεν, ὡς ἔοικεν, Ἀλέξανδρος οὓς εὐεργετήσει πρὶν ἢ διέβη τὸν Ἰνδόν.
And indeed the people and their king Taxiles received Alexander hospitably; and they obtained more than they themselves provided, so that the Macedonians were envious and said that, as it seemed, Alexander had no one to benefit before he crossed the Indus.
φασὶ δʼ εἶναί τινες τὴν χώραν ταύτην Αἰγύπτου μείζονα.
Some indeed say that this country is larger than Egypt.
ὑπὲρ δὲ ταύτης ἐν τοῖς ὄρεσιν ἡ τοῦ Ἀβισάρου χώρα, παρʼ ᾧ δύο δράκοντας ἀπήγγελλον οἱ παρʼ αὐτοῦ πρέσβεις τρέφεσθαι, τὸν μὲν ὀγδοήκοντα πηχῶν τὸν δὲ τετταράκοντα πρὸς τοῖς ἑκατόν, ὡς εἴρηκεν Ὀνησίκριτος, ὃν οὐκ Ἀλεξάνδρου μᾶλλον ἢ τῶν παραδόξων ἀρχικυβερνήτην προσείποι τις ἄν.
And above this in the mountains is the country of Abisares, at whose court the envoys from him reported that two serpents were kept, one of eighty cubits and the other of one hundred and forty, as Onesicritus has said, whom one might call the chief pilot not so much of Alexander as of things incredible.
πάντες μὲν γὰρ οἱ περὶ Ἀλέξανδρον τὸ θαυμαστὸν ἀντὶ τἀληθοῦς ἀπεδέχοντο μᾶλλον, ὑπερβάλλεσθαι δὲ δοκεῖ τοὺς τοσούτους ἐκεῖνος τῇ τερατολογίᾳ· λέγει δʼ οὖν τινα καὶ πιθανὰ καὶ μνήμης ἄξια ὥστε καὶ ἀπιστοῦντα μὴ παρελθεῖν αὐτά.
For all those around Alexander indeed accepted the marvelous rather than the true, but he seems to surpass so many others in his tale-telling; at any rate, he says some things that are both plausible and worthy of mention, so that even one who disbelieves them cannot pass them by.
περὶ δʼ οὖν τῶν δρακόντων καὶ ἄλλοι λέγουσιν ὅτι ἐν τοῖς Ἠμωδοῖς ὄρεσι θηρεύουσι καὶ τρέφουσιν ἐν σπηλαίοις.
Indeed concerning the serpents, others also say that they hunt them in the Haemodus Mountains and keep them in caves.
§15.1.29μεταξὺ δὲ τοῦ Ὑδάσπου καὶ τοῦ Ἀκεσίνου ἥ τε τοῦ Πώρου ἐστί, πολλὴ καὶ ἀγαθή, σχεδόν τι καὶ τριακοσίων πόλεων, καὶ ἡ πρὸς τοῖς Ἠμωδοῖς ὄρεσιν ὕλη, ἐξ ἧς Ἀλέξανδρος κατήγαγε τῷ Ὑδάσπῃ κόψας ἐλάτην τε πολλὴν καὶ πεύκην καὶ κέδρον καὶ ἄλλα παντοῖα στελέχη ναυπηγήσιμα, ἐξ ὧν στόλον κατεσκευάσατο ἐπὶ τῷ Ὑδάσπῃ πρὸς ταῖς ἐκτισμέναις ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ πόλεσιν ἐφʼ ἑκάτερα τοῦ ποταμοῦ, ὅπου τὸν Πῶρον ἐνίκα διαβάς·
Between the Hydaspes and the Acesines is the country of Porus, extensive and fertile, containing indeed almost three hundred cities, and the forest near the Haemodus Mountains, from which Alexander, having cut down much fir, pine, cedar, and all sorts of other timber suitable for shipbuilding, brought it down to the Hydaspes, out of which he constructed a fleet on the Hydaspes near the cities founded by him on both sides of the river, where he crossed and conquered Porus.
ὧν τὴν μὲν Βουκεφαλίαν ὠνόμασεν ἀπὸ τοῦ πεσόντος ἵππου κατὰ τὴν μάχην τὴν πρὸς τὸν Πῶρον (ἐκαλεῖτο δὲ Βουκεφάλας ἀπὸ τοῦ πλάτους τοῦ μετώπου· πολεμιστὴς δʼ ἦν ἀγαθός, καὶ ἀεὶ τούτῳ ἐκέχρητο κατὰ τοὺς ἀγῶνας), τὴν δὲ Νίκαιαν ἀπὸ τῆς νίκης ἐκάλεσεν.
Of these, he named one Bucephalia after the horse that fell in the battle against Porus (he was called Bucephalus from the width of his forehead; and he was a good warhorse, and Alexander always used him in his contests), and the other he called Nicaea after his victory.
ἐν δὲ τῇ λεχθείσῃ ὕλῃ καὶ τὸ τῶν κερκοπιθήκων διηγοῦνται πλῆθος ὑπερβάλλον καὶ τὸ μέγεθος ὁμοίως· ὥστε τοὺς Μακεδόνας ποτὲ ἰδόντας ἔν τισιν ἀκρολοφίαις ψιλαῖς ἑστῶτας ἐν τάξει κατὰ μέτωπον πολλοὺς (καὶ γὰρ ἀνθρωπονούστατον εἶναι τὸ ζῷον, οὐχ ἧττον τῶν ἐλεφάντων) στρατοπέδου λαβεῖν φαντασίαν καὶ ὁρμῆσαι μὲν ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς ὡς πολεμίους, μαθόντας δὲ παρὰ Ταξίλου συνόντος τότε τῷ βασιλεῖ τὴν ἀλήθειαν παύσασθαι.
In the mentioned forest they also relate that the multitude of long-tailed monkeys is extraordinary, and likewise their size; so that the Macedonians once, seeing many of them standing in order on some bare crests facing front (for the animal is highly intelligent, no less so than elephants), got the impression of an army camp and rushed against them as enemies, but when they learned the truth from Taxiles who was then with the king, they desisted.
ἡ δὲ θήρα τοῦ ζῴου διττή· μιμητικὸν δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ τὰ δένδρα ἀναφευκτικόν·
The capture of this animal is twofold; and it is imitative and prone to flee up into the trees.
οἱ οὖν θηρεύοντες, ἐπὰν ἴδωσιν ἐπὶ δένδρων ἱδρυμένον, ἐν ὄψει θέντες τρύβλιον ὕδωρ ἔχον τοὺς ἑαυτῶν ὀφθαλμοὺς ἐναλείφουσιν ἐξ αὐτοῦ· εἶτʼ ἀντὶ τοῦ ὕδατος ἰξοῦ τρύβλιον θέντες ἀπίασι καὶ λοχῶσι πόρρωθεν·
Therefore, when the hunters see it perched on trees, they put a bowl containing water in plain sight and smear their own eyes with it; then, putting a bowl of birdlime instead of water, they go away and lie in wait from afar.
ἐπὰν δὲ καταπηδῆσαν τὸ θηρίον ἐγχρίσηται τοῦ ἰξοῦ, * καταμύσαντος δʼ ἀποληφθῇ τὰ βλέφαρα, ἐπιόντες ζωγροῦσιν.
And when the beast, having jumped down, smears itself with the birdlime, and its eyelids are glued together as it closes its eyes, they come and take it alive.
εἷς μὲν οὖν τρόπος οὗτος, ἄλλος δέ· ὑποδυσάμενοι θυλάκους ὡς ἀναξυρίδας ἀπίασιν, ἄλλους καταλιπόντες δασεῖς τὰ ἐντὸς κεχρισμένους ἰξῷ· ἐνδύντας δὲ εἰς αὐτοὺς ῥᾳδίως αἱροῦσι.
This indeed is one method, and another is: having put on bags as trousers they go away, leaving behind other thick bags smeared on the inside with birdlime; and when they put them on, they easily capture them.