§12.3.1τοῦ δὲ Πόντου καθίστατο μὲν Μιθριδάτης ὁ Εὐπάτωρ βασιλεύς.
As for the Pontus, Mithridates Eupator was established as king.
εἶχε δὲ τὴν ἀφοριζομένην τῷ Ἅλυϊ μέχρι Τιβαρανῶν καὶ Ἀρμενίων καὶ τῆς ἐντὸς Ἅλυος τὰ μέχρι Ἀμάστρεως καὶ τινῶν τῆς Παφλαγονίας μερῶν.
And he held the country bounded by the Halys as far as the Tibareni and the Armenians, and, of the territory inside the Halys, the parts as far as Amastris and some parts of Paphlagonia.
προσεκτήσατο δʼ οὗτος καὶ τὴν μέχρι Ἡρακλείας παραλίαν ἐπὶ τὰ δυσμικὰ μέρη, τῆς Ἡρακλείδου τοῦ Πλατωνικοῦ πατρίδος, ἐπὶ δὲ τἀναντία μέχρι Κολχίδος καὶ τῆς μικρᾶς Ἀρμενίας, ἃ δὴ καὶ προσέθηκε τῷ Πόντῳ.
This ruler also acquired the coastline as far as Heracleia on the western side, the homeland of Heracleides the Platonist, and on the opposite side as far as Colchis and Lesser Armenia, which indeed he also added to the Pontus.
καὶ δὴ καὶ Πομπήιος καταλύσας ἐκεῖνον ἐν τούτοις τοῖς ὅροις οὖσαν τὴν χώραν ταύτην παρέλαβε·
Indeed, Pompey, after overthrowing him, took over this country, which was within these boundaries.
τὰ μὲν πρὸς Ἀρμενίαν καὶ τὰ περὶ τὴν Κολχίδα τοῖς συναγωνισαμένοις δυνάσταις κατένειμε, τὰ δὲ λοιπὰ εἰς ἕνδεκα πολιτείας διεῖλε καὶ τῇ Βιθυνίᾳ προσέθηκεν ὥστʼ ἐξ ἀμφοῖν ἐπαρχίαν γενέσθαι μίαν·
The parts towards Armenia and those around Colchis he distributed among the dynasts who had fought on his side, but the rest he divided into eleven civic districts and added to Bithynia so that from both of them there arose a single province.
μεταξὺ δὲ τῶν Παφλαγόνων τῶν μεσογαίων τινὰς βασιλεύεσθαι παρέδωκε τοῖς ἀπὸ Πυλαιμένους, καθάπερ καὶ τοὺς Γαλάτας τοῖς ἀπὸ γένους τετράρχαις.
Meanwhile, he delivered some of the inland Paphlagonians to be ruled as kings by the descendants of Pylaemenes, just as he also delivered the Galatians to their hereditary tetrarchs.
ὕστερον δʼ οἱ τῶν Ῥωμαίων ἡγεμόνες ἄλλους καὶ ἄλλους ἐποιήσαντο μερισμούς, βασιλέας τε καὶ δυνάστας καθιστάντες καὶ πόλεις τὰς μὲν ἐλευθεροῦντες τὰς δὲ ἐγχειρίζοντες τοῖς δυνάσταις τὰς δʼ ὑπὸ τῷ δήμῳ τῷ Ῥωμαίων ἐῶντες.
Later, however, the Roman commanders made various different divisions, appointing kings and dynasts, and, as for cities, liberating some, placing others in the hands of dynasts, and leaving others under the Roman people.
ἡμῖν δʼ ἐπιοῦσι τὰ καθʼ ἕκαστα ὡς νῦν ἔχει λεγέσθω, μικρὰ καὶ τῶν προτέρων ἐφαπτομένοις ὅπου τοῦτο χρήσιμον.
Let us, as we proceed, describe the details as they now stand, touching also slightly upon previous history where this is useful.
ἀρξόμεθα δὲ ἀπὸ Ἡρακλείας, ἥπερ δυσμικωτάτη ἐστὶ τούτων τῶν τόπων.
And we shall begin with Heracleia, which is the westernmost of these places.
§12.3.2εἰς δὴ τὸν Εὔξεινον πόντον εἰσπλέουσιν ἐκ τῆς Προποντίδος ἐν ἀριστερᾷ μὲν τὰ προσεχῆ τῷ Βυζαντίῳ κεῖται· Θρᾳκῶν δʼ ἐστί, καλεῖται δὲ τὰ ἀριστερὰ τοῦ Πόντου·
To those sailing into the Euxine Pontus from the Propontis, on the left lies the territory adjacent to Byzantium; it belongs to the Thracians, and is called the left side of the Pontus.
ἐν δεξιᾷ δὲ τὰ προσεχῆ Χαλκηδόνι· Βιθυνῶν δʼ ἐστὶ τὰ πρῶτα, εἶτα Μαριανδυνῶν (τινὲς δὲ καὶ Καυκώνων φασίν), εἶτα Παφλαγόνων μέχρι Ἅλυος, εἶτα Καππαδόκων τῶν πρὸς τῷ Πόντῳ καὶ τῶν ἑξῆς μέχρι Κολχίδος· ταῦτα δὲ πάντα καλεῖται τὰ δεξιὰ τοῦ Εὐξείνου πόντου.
On the right lies the territory adjacent to Chalcedon; the first parts belong to the Bithynians, then those of the Mariandyni (some say also of the Caucones), then those of the Paphlagonians as far as the Halys, then those of the Cappadocians near the Pontus and the following parts as far as Colchis; and all these are called the right side of the Euxine Pontus.
ταύτης δὲ τῆς παραλίας ἁπάσης ἐπῆρξεν Εὐπάτωρ ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ τῆς Κολχίδος μέχρι Ἡρακλείας, τὰ δʼ ἐπέκεινα τὰ μέχρι τοῦ στόματος καὶ τῆς Χαλκηδόνος τῷ Βιθυνῶν βασιλεῖ συνέμενε.
Eupator ruled over the whole of this coastline, starting from Colchis as far as Heracleia, but the parts beyond, as far as the mouth and Chalcedon, remained under the king of the Bithynians.
καταλυθέντων δὲ τῶν βασιλέων ἐφύλαξαν οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι τοὺς αὐτοὺς ὅρους, ὥστε τὴν Ἡράκλειαν προσκεῖσθαι τῷ Πόντῳ, τὰ δʼ ἐπέκειαν Βιθυνοῖς προσχωρεῖν.
When the kings were overthrown, the Romans maintained the same boundaries, so that Heracleia remained attached to the Pontus, and the parts beyond acceded to the Bithynians.
§12.3.3οἱ μὲν οὖν Βιθυνοὶ διότι πρότερον Μυσοὶ ὄντες μετωνομάσθησαν οὕτως ἀπὸ τῶν Θρᾳκῶν τῶν ἐποικησάντων, Βιθυνῶν τε καὶ Θυνῶν, ὁμολογεῖται παρὰ τῶν πλείστων, καὶ σημεῖα τίθενται τοῦ μὲν τῶν Βιθυνῶν ἔθνους τὸ μέχρι νῦν ἐν τῇ Θρᾴκῃ λέγεσθαί τινας Βιθυνούς, τοῦ δὲ τῶν Θυνῶν τὴν Θυνιάδα ἀκτὴν τὴν πρὸς Ἀπολλωνίᾳ καὶ Σαλμυδησσῷ.
Now, as for the Bithynians, that they were formerly Mysians and received their present name from the Thracians who settled among them, namely the Bithyni and the Thyni, is agreed by most writers; and they adduce as proofs: for the tribe of the Bithyni, the fact that even to this day in Thrace certain people are called Bithyni; and for that of the Thyni, the Thynian coast near Apollonia and Salmydessus.
καὶ οἱ Βέβρυκες δὲ οἱ τούτων προεποικήσαντες τὴν Μυσίαν Θρᾷκες, ὡς εἰκάζω ἐγώ.
And the Bebryces who had previously settled in Mysia were also Thracians, as I conjecture.
εἴρηται δʼ ὅτι καὶ αὐτοὶ οἱ Μυσοὶ Θρᾳκῶν ἄποικοί εἰσι τῶν νῦν λεγομένων Μοισῶν.
And it has already been stated that the Mysians themselves are colonists of the Thracians who are now called Moesi.
§12.3.4ταῦτα μὲν οὕτω λέγεται.
These things indeed are said in this way.
τοὺς δὲ Μαριανδυνοὺς καὶ τοὺς Καύκωνας οὐχ ὁμοίως ἅπαντες λέγουσι· τὴν γὰρ δὴ Ἡράκλειαν ἐν τοῖς Μαριανδυνοῖς ἱδρῦσθαί φασι Μιλησίων κτίσμα· τίνες δὲ καὶ πόθεν οὐδενὶ εἴρηται· οὐδὲ διάλεκτος οὐδʼ ἄλλη διαφορὰ ἐθνικὴ περὶ τοὺς ἀνθρώπους φαίνεται, παραπλήσιοι δʼ εἰσὶ τοῖς Βιθυνοῖς· ἔοικεν οὖν καὶ τοῦτο Θρᾴκιον ὑπάρξαι τὸ φῦλον.
But as for the Mariandyni and the Caucones, not all writers speak of them in the same way; for they say that Heracleia is founded in the territory of the Mariandyni and is a colony of the Milesians; but who they are and whence they came is stated by no one; nor does there appear any dialect or other national difference in these people, but they are very similar to the Bithynians; and therefore it is likely that this tribe also was Thracian.
Θεόπομπος δὲ Μαριανδυνόν φησι μέρους τῆς Παφλαγονίας ἄρξαντα ὑπὸ πολλῶν δυναστευομένης, ἐπελθόντα τὴν τῶν Βεβρύκων κατασχεῖν, ἣν δʼ ἐξέλιπεν ἐπώνυμον ἑαυτοῦ καταλιπεῖν.
But Theopompus says that Mariandynus, having ruled over a part of Paphlagonia which was governed by many dynasts, invaded and occupied the land of the Bebryces, and left the land which he abandoned named after himself.
εἴρηται δὲ καὶ τοῦτο ὅτι πρῶτοι τὴν Ἡράκλειαν κτίσαντες Μιλήσιοι τοὺς Μαριανδυνοὺς εἱλωτεύειν ἠνάγκασαν τοὺς προκατέχοντας τὸν τόπον, ὥστε καὶ πιπράσκεσθαι ὑπʼ αὐτῶν, μὴ εἰς τὴν ὑπερορίαν δέ (συμβῆναι γὰρ ἐπὶ τούτοις), καθάπερ Κρησὶ μὲν ἐθήτευεν ἡ Μνῴα καλουμένη σύνοδος, Θετταλοῖς δὲ οἱ Πενέσται.
It has also been stated that the Milesians who first founded Heracleia forced the Mariandyni, who previously held the place, to serve as helots, so that they were even sold by them, but not beyond the boundaries (for they had agreed on these terms), just as the assembly called Mnoia used to serve the Cretans, and the Penestae the Thessalians.