§12.2.1ἔστι δʼ ἡ μὲν Μελιτηνὴ παραπλησία τῇ Κομμαγηνῇ· πᾶσα γάρ ἐστι τοῖς ἡμέροις δένδροις κατάφυτος, μόνη τῆς ἄλλης Καππαδοκίας, ὥστε καὶ ἔλαιον φέρειν καὶ τὸν Μοναρίτην οἶνον τοῖς Ἑλληνικοῖς ἐνάμιλλον·
Melitene is very similar to Commagene; for it is entirely planted with cultivated trees, being the only part of the rest of Cappadocia to do so, so that it even produces olive oil and the Monarites wine, which rivals the Greek ones.
ἀντίκειται δὲ τῇ Σωφηνῇ, μέσον ἔχουσα τὸν Εὐφράτην ποταμὸν καὶ αὐτὴ ἡ Κομμαγηνὴ ὅμορος οὖσα.
It lies opposite Sophene, having the Euphrates River in the middle, and is itself bordering on Commagene.
ἔστι δὲ φρούριον ἀξιόλογον τῶν Καππαδόκων ἐν τῇ περαίᾳ Τόμισα· τοῦτο δʼ ἐπράθη μὲν τῷ Σωφηνῷ ταλάντων ἑκατόν, ὕστερον δὲ ἐδωρήσατο Λεύκολλος τῷ Καππάδοκι συστρατεύσαντι ἀριστεῖον κατὰ τὸν πρὸς Μιθριδάτην πόλεμον.
There is a notable fortress of the Cappadocians on the opposite bank called Tomisa; this was sold to the ruler of Sophene for a hundred talents, but later Lucullus presented it as a prize of valor to the Cappadocian who fought with him in the war against Mithridates.
§12.2.2ἡ δὲ Καταονία πλατὺ καὶ κοῖλόν ἐστι πεδίον πάμφορον πλὴν τῶν ἀειθαλῶν.
Cataonia is a wide and hollow plain, producing everything except evergreen trees.
περίκειται δʼ ὄρη ἄλλα τε καὶ Ἀμανὸς ἐκ τοῦ πρὸς νότον μέρους ἀπόσπασμα ὂν τοῦ Κιλικίου Ταύρου, καὶ ὁ Ἀντίταυρος εἰς τἀναντία ἀπερρωγώς.
It is surrounded by other mountains, and especially by Amanus on the south side, which is a branch of the Cilician Taurus, and by Antitaurus, which breaks off in the opposite direction.
ὁ μὲν γὰρ Ἀμανὸς ἐπὶ τὴν Κιλικίαν καὶ τὴν Συριακὴν ἐκτείνεται θάλατταν πρὸς τὴν ἑσπέραν ἀπὸ τῆς Καταονίας καὶ τὸν νότον· τῇ δὲ τοιαύτῃ διαστάσει περικλείει τὸν Ἰσσικὸν κόλπον ἅπαντα καὶ τὰ μεταξὺ τῶν Κιλίκων πεδία πρὸς τὸν Ταῦρον·
For Amanus extends towards the Cilician and Syrian sea to the west and south from Cataonia; and by such an extension it encloses the entire Gulf of Issus and the plains between the Cilicians and the Taurus.
ὁ δʼ Ἀντίταυρος ἐπὶ τὰς ἄρκτους ἐγκέκλιται καὶ μικρὸν ἐπιλαμβάνει τῶν ἀνατολῶν, εἶτʼ εἰς τὴν μεσόγαιαν τελευτᾷ.
Antitaurus, on the other hand, inclines towards the north and takes in a small part of the east, then ends in the interior.
§12.2.3ἐν δὲ τῷ Ἀντιταύρῳ τούτῳ βαθεῖς καὶ στενοί εἰσιν αὐλῶνες, ἐν οἷς ἵδρυται τὰ Κόμανα καὶ τὸ τῆς Ἐνυοῦς ἱερὸν ἣν ἐκεῖνοι Μᾶ ὀνομάζουσι·
In this Antitaurus there are deep and narrow valleys, in which are situated Comana and the temple of Enyo, whom they call Ma.
πόλις δʼ ἐστὶν ἀξιόλογος, πλεῖστον μέντοι τὸ τῶν θεοφορήτων πλῆθος καὶ τὸ τῶν ἱεροδούλων ἐν αὐτῇ.
It is a notable city, but the multitude of those possessed by the god and of the temple-slaves in it is very great.
Κατάονες δέ εἰσιν οἱ ἐνοικοῦντες, ἄλλως μὲν ὑπὸ τῷ βασιλεῖ τεταγμένοι, τοῦ δὲ ἱερέως ὑπακούοντες τὸ πλέον· ὁ δὲ τοῦ θʼ ἱεροῦ κύριός ἐστι καὶ τῶν ἱεροδούλων, οἳ κατὰ τὴν ἡμετέραν ἐπιδημίαν πλείους ἦσαν τῶν ἑξακισχιλίων, ἄνδρες ὁμοῦ γυναιξί.
The inhabitants are Cataonians, who are otherwise subject to the king, but obey the priest for the most part; and the priest is master of both the temple and the temple-slaves, who at the time of our stay were more than six thousand, men and women together.
πρόσκειται δὲ τῷ ἱερῷ καὶ χώρα πολλή, καρποῦται δʼ ὁ ἱερεὺς τὴν πρόσοδον, καὶ ἔστιν οὗτος δεύτερος κατὰ τιμὴν τῇ Καππαδοκίᾳ μετὰ τὸν βασιλέα· ὡς δʼ ἐπὶ τὸ πολὺ τοῦ αὐτοῦ γένους ἦσαν οἱ ἱερεῖς τοῖς βασιλεῦσι.
A large territory is also attached to the temple, and the priest enjoys its revenue, and he is second in honor in Cappadocia after the king; and for the most part the priests were of the same family as the kings.
τὰ δὲ ἱερὰ ταῦτα δοκεῖ Ὀρέστης μετὰ τῆς ἀδελφῆς Ἰφιγενείας κομίσαι δεῦρο ἀπὸ τῆς Ταυρικῆς Σκυθίας, τὰ τῆς Ταυροπόλου Ἀρτέμιδος, ἐνταῦθα δὲ καὶ τὴν πένθιμον κόμην ἀποθέσθαι, ἀφʼ ἧς καὶ τοὔνομα τῇ πόλει.
These sacred rites, those of Artemis Tauropolos, Orestes along with his sister Iphigenia is believed to have brought here from Tauric Scythia, and there also to have deposited his mourning hair, from which indeed the city got its name.
διὰ μὲν οὖν τῆς πόλεως ταύτης ὁ Σάρος ῥεῖ ποταμός, καὶ διὰ τῶν συναγκειῶν τοῦ Ταύρου διεκπεραιοῦται πρὸς τὰ τῶν Κιλίκων πεδία καὶ τὸ ὑποκείμενον πέλαγος.
Now through this city flows the Sarus River, and it passes through the ravines of the Taurus to the plains of the Cilicians and the sea that lies below.
§12.2.4διὰ δὲ τῆς Καταονίας ὁ Πύραμος, πλωτός, ἐκ μέσου τοῦ πεδίου τὰς πηγὰς ἔχων·
Through Cataonia flows the Pyramus, a navigable river, having its sources in the middle of the plain.
ἔστι δὲ βόθρος ἀξιόλογος, διʼ οὗ καθορᾶν ἔστι τὸ ὕδωρ ὑποφερόμενον κρυπτῶς μέχρι πολλοῦ διαστήματος ὑπὸ γῆς, εἶτʼ ἀνατέλλον εἰς τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν·
There is a remarkable pit, through which one can see the water carried secretly underground for a long distance, and then rising to the surface.
τῷ δὲ καθιέντι ἀκόντιον ἄνωθεν εἰς τὸν βόθρον ἡ βία τοῦ ὕδατος ἀντιπράττει τοσοῦτον ὥστε μόλις βαπτίζεσθαι·
To one who lets down a javelin from above into the pit, the force of the water resists so much that it is scarcely submerged.
ἀπλέτῳ δὲ βάθει καὶ πλάτει πολὺς ἐνεχθεὶς ἐπειδὰν συνάψῃ τῷ Ταύρῳ, παράδοξον λαμβάνει τὴν συναγωγήν· παράδοξος δὲ καὶ ἡ διακοπὴ τοῦ ὄρους ἐστὶ διʼ ἧς ἄγεται τὸ ῥεῖθρον·
Having been carried along in great volume with immense depth and width, when it joins the Taurus, it undergoes a wonderful narrowing; and wonderful also is the cleft in the mountain through which the stream is conducted.
καθάπερ γὰρ ἐν ταῖς ῥῆγμα λαβούσαις πέτραις καὶ σχισθείσαις δίχα τὰς κατὰ τὴν ἑτέραν ἐξοχὰς ὁμολόγους εἶναι συμβαίνει ταῖς κατὰ τὴν ἑτέραν εἰσοχαῖς ὥστε κἂν συναρμοσθῆναι δύνασθαι, οὕτως εἴδομεν καὶ τὰς ὑπερκειμένας τοῦ ποταμοῦ πέτρας ἑκατέρωθεν σχεδόν τι μέχρι τῶν ἀκρωρειῶν ἀνατεινούσας ἐν διαστάσει δυεῖν ἢ τριῶν πλέθρων ἀντικείμενα ἐχούσας τὰ κοῖλα ταῖς ἐξοχαῖς·
For just as in rocks that have received a fracture and been split in two, the projections on one side happen to match the hollows on the other so that they could even be fitted together, so we saw the rocks towering above the river on both sides, reaching almost to the mountain tops, at a distance of two or three plethra, having their hollows facing the projections.
τὸ δὲ ἔδαφος τὸ μεταξὺ πᾶν πέτρινον, βαθύ τι καὶ στενὸν τελέως, ἔχον διὰ μέσου ῥῆγμα ὥστε καὶ κύνα καὶ λαγὼ διάλλεσθαι.
The ground between is all rocky, quite deep and extremely narrow, having a cleft through the middle so that even a dog and a hare can leap across.
τοῦτο δʼ ἐστὶ τὸ ῥεῖθρον τοῦ ποταμοῦ ἄχρι χείλους πλῆρες, ὀχετῷ πλατεῖ προσεοικός, διὰ δὲ τὴν σκολιότητα καὶ τὴν ἐκ τοσούτου συναγωγὴν καὶ τὸ τῆς φάραγγος βάθος εὐθὺς τοῖς πόρρωθεν προσιοῦσιν ὁ ψόφος βροντῇ προσπίπτει παραπλήσιος·
This is the stream of the river, full to the brim, resembling a wide canal, but because of its winding, its narrowing from so great a width, and the depth of the ravine, the noise strikes those who approach from afar immediately as like thunder.
διεκβαίνων δὲ τὰ ὄρη τοσαύτην κατάγει χοῦν ἐπὶ θάλατταν, τὴν μὲν ἐκ τῆς Καταονίας τὴν δὲ ἐκ τῶν Κιλίκων πεδίων, ὥστε ἐπʼ αὐτῷ καὶ χρησμὸς ἐκπεπτωκὼς φέρεται τοιοῦτος
"
ἔσσεται ἐσσομένοις, ὅτε Πύραμος ἀργυροδίνης
ἠιόνα προχέων ἱερὴν ἐς Κύπρον ἵκηται
"
παραπλήσιον γάρ τι κἀκεῖ συμβαίνει καὶ ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ, τοῦ Νείλου προσεξηπειροῦντος ἀεὶ τὴν θάλατταν τῇ προσχώσει·
In passing out of the mountains, it brings down so much alluvial soil to the sea, partly from Cataonia and partly from the Cilician plains, that an oracle has even been issued and is circulated concerning it to this effect: "There shall be a time for those yet to be, when silver-eddying Pyramus, pouring forth its shore, shall reach sacred Cyprus." For something similar happens both there and in Egypt, since the Nile is always making the sea into mainland by its silt.
καθὸ καὶ Ἡρόδοτος μὲν δῶρον τοῦ ποταμοῦ τὴν Αἴγυπτον εἶπεν, ὁ ποιητὴς δὲ τὴν Φάρον πελαγίαν ὑπάρξαι πρότερον οὐχ ὡς νυνὶ πρόσγειον οὖσαν τῇ Αἰγύπτῳ.
Wherefore Herodotus indeed called Egypt the gift of the river, and the poet said that Pharos was formerly out in the open sea, and not, as now, close to the mainland of Egypt.