§12.1.1καὶ ἡ Καππαδοκία δʼ ἐστὶ πολυμερής τε καὶ συχνὰς δεδεγμένη μεταβολάς.
And Cappadocia is multi-parted and has experienced frequent changes.
οἱ δʼ οὖν ὁμόγλωττοι μάλιστά εἰσιν οἱ ἀφοριζόμενοι πρὸς νότον μὲν τῷ Κιλικίῳ λεγομένῳ Ταύρῳ, πρὸς ἕω δὲ τῇ Ἀρμενίᾳ καὶ τῇ Κολχίδι καὶ τοῖς μεταξὺ ἑτερογλώττοις ἔθνεσι, πρὸς ἄρκτον δὲ τῷ Εὐξείνῳ μέχρι τῶν ἐκβολῶν τοῦ Ἅλυος, πρὸς δύσιν δὲ τῷ τε τῶν Παφλαγόνων ἔθνει καὶ Γαλατῶν τῶν τὴν Φρυγίαν ἐποικησάντων μέχρι Λυκαόνων καὶ Κιλίκων τῶν τὴν τραχεῖαν Κιλικίαν νεμομένων.
At any rate, those who speak the same language are chiefly those bounded: to the south by the so-called Cilician Taurus, to the east by Armenia, Colchis, and the intervening foreign-tongued nations, to the north by the Euxine Sea as far as the mouths of the Halys, and to the west by both the nation of the Paphlagonians and the Galatians who colonized Phrygia, as far as the Lycaonians and the Cilicians who occupy Rugged Cilicia.
§12.1.2καὶ αὐτῶν δὲ τῶν ὁμογλώττων οἱ παλαιοὶ τοὺς Κατάονας καθʼ αὑτοὺς ἔταττον, ἀντιδιαιροῦντες τοῖς Καππάδοξιν ὡς ἑτεροεθνέσι, καὶ ἐν τῇ διαριθμήσει τῶν ἐθνῶν μετὰ τὴν Καππαδοκίαν ἐτίθεσαν τὴν Καταονίαν, εἶτα τὸν Εὐφράτην καὶ τὰ πέραν ἔθνη, ὥστε καὶ τὴν Μελιτηνὴν ὑπὸ τῇ Καταονίᾳ τάττειν, ἣ μεταξὺ κεῖται ταύτης τε καὶ τοῦ Εὐφράτου συνάπτουσα τῇ Κομμαγηνῇ, μέρος τε τῆς Καππαδοκίας ἐστὶ δέκατον κατὰ τὴν εἰς δέκα στρατηγίας διαίρεσιν τῆς χώρας.
Even among these same-tongued people, the ancients used to class the Cataonians by themselves, distinguishing them from the Cappadocians as being of a different nation, and in their enumeration of nations they placed Cataonia after Cappadocia, and then the Euphrates and the nations beyond, so as to class even Melitene under Cataonia, which lies between Cataonia and the Euphrates, bordering on Commagene, and is a tenth part of Cappadocia according to the division of the country into ten prefectures.
οὕτω γὰρ δὴ οἱ καθʼ ἡμᾶς βασιλεῖς οἱ πρὸ Ἀρχελάου διατεταγμένην εἶχον τὴν ἡγεμονίαν τῆς Καππαδοκίας· δέκατον δʼ ἐστὶ μέρος καὶ ἡ Καταονία.
For in this way indeed the kings of our time, those before Archelaus, held the government of Cappadocia arranged; and Cataonia also is a tenth part.
καθʼ ἡμᾶς δὲ εἶχε στρατηγὸν ἑκατέρα ἴδιον· οὔτε δʼ ἐκ τῆς διαλέκτου διαφορᾶς τινος ἐν τούτοις πρὸς τοὺς ἄλλους Καππάδοκας ἐμφαινομένης οὔτε ἐκ τῶν ἄλλων ἐθῶν, θαυμαστὸν πῶς ἠφάνισται τελέως τὰ σημεῖα τῆς ἀλλοεθνίας.
In our time, however, each of the two had its own prefect; and since neither from their dialect does any difference appear in them in comparison with the other Cappadocians, nor from their other customs, it is wonderful how the signs of their being of a different nation have entirely disappeared.
ἦσαν δʼ οὖν διωρισμένοι, προσεκτήσατο δʼ αὐτοὺς Ἀριαράθης ὁ πρῶτος προσαγορευθεὶς Καππαδόκων βασιλεύς.
At all events, they were once distinguished, but Ariarathes, the first to be called king of the Cappadocians, acquired them in addition.
§12.1.3ἔστι δʼ ὥσπερ χερρονήσου μεγάλης ἰσθμὸς οὗτος, σφιγγόμενος θαλάτταις δυσὶ τῇ τε τοῦ Ἰσσικοῦ κόλπου μέχρι τῆς τραχείας Κιλικίας καὶ τῇ τοῦ Εὐξείνου μεταξὺ Σινώπης τε καὶ τῆς τῶν Τιβαρηνῶν παραλίας·
This region is like the isthmus of a great peninsula, squeezed by two seas, both by that of the Gulf of Issus as far as Rugged Cilicia, and by that of the Euxine between Sinope and the coast of the Tibareni.
ἐντὸς δὲ τοῦ ἰσθμοῦ λέγομεν χερρόνησον τὴν προσεσπέριον τοῖς Καππάδοξιν ἅπασαν, ἣν Ἡρόδοτος μὲν ἐντὸς Ἅλυος καλεῖ· αὕτη γὰρ ἔστιν ἧς ἦρξεν ἁπάσης Κροῖσος· λέγει δʼ αὐτὸν ἐκεῖνος τύραννον ἐθνέων τῶν ἐντὸς Ἅλυος ποταμοῦ.
Within the isthmus, we call peninsula all the land to the west of the Cappadocians, which Herodotus calls "within the Halys"; for this is all that of which Croesus ruled; and he calls him ruler of the nations within the Halys river.
οἱ δὲ νῦν τὴν ἐντὸς τοῦ Ταύρου καλοῦσιν Ἀσίαν, ὁμωνύμως τῇ ὅλῃ ἠπείρῳ ταύτην Ἀσίαν προσαγορεύοντες.
But the people of today call it "Asia within the Taurus", addressing this as "Asia" homonymously with the whole continent.
περιέχεται δʼ ἐν αὐτῇ πρῶτα μὲν ἔθνη τὰ ἀπὸ τῆς ἀνατολῆς Παφλαγόνες τε καὶ Φρύγες καὶ Λυκάονες, ἔπειτα Βιθυνοὶ καὶ Μυσοὶ καὶ ἡ Ἐπίκτητος, ἔτι δὲ Τρῳὰς καὶ Ἑλλησποντία, μετὰ δὲ τούτους ἐπὶ θαλάττῃ μὲν Ἑλλήνων οἵ τε Αἰολεῖς καὶ Ἴωνες τῶν δʼ ἄλλων Κᾶρές τε καὶ Λύκιοι, ἐν δὲ τῇ μεσογαίᾳ Λυδοί.
There are contained in it, first, the nations from the east, the Paphlagonians, Phrygians, and Lycaonians; then, the Bithynians, Mysians, and Phrygia Epictetus; further, Troas and Hellespontia; and after these, on the sea, of the Greeks, the Aeolians and Ionians, and of the others, the Carians and Lycians, and in the interior, the Lydians.
§12.1.4περὶ μὲν οὖν τῶν ἄλλων ἐροῦμεν ὕστερον.
Now, about the others we shall speak later.
τὴν δὲ Καππαδοκίαν εἰς δύο σατραπείας μερισθεῖσαν ὑπὸ τῶν Περσῶν παραλαβόντες Μακεδόνες περιεῖδον τὰ μὲν ἑκόντες τὰ δʼ ἄκοντες εἰς βασιλείας ἀντὶ σατραπειῶν περιστᾶσαν·
But Cappadocia, which had been divided into two satrapies by the Persians, the Macedonians received, and they overlooked, partly willingly, partly unwillingly, its passing into kingdoms instead of satrapies.
ὧν τὴν μὲν ἰδίως Καππαδοκίαν ὠνόμασαν καὶ πρὸς τῷ Ταύρῳ καὶ νὴ Δία μεγάλην Καππαδοκίαν, τὴν δὲ Πόντον, οἱ δὲ τὴν πρὸς τῷ Πόντῳ Καππαδοκίαν.
Of these, they named the one "Cappadocia proper", and "Cappadocia near the Taurus", and, by Zeus, "Greater Cappadocia", and the other "Pontus", while others named it "Cappadocia near the Pontus".
τῆς δὲ μεγάλης Καππαδοκίας νῦν μὲν οὐκ ἴσμεν πω τὴν διάταξιν· τελευτήσαντος γὰρ τὸν βίον Ἀρχελάου τοῦ βασιλεύσαντος, ἔγνω Καῖσάρ τε καὶ ἡ σύγκλητος ἐπαρχίαν εἶναι Ῥωμαίων αὐτήν.
As for Greater Cappadocia, we do not yet know its exact division at present; for since King Archelaus, who had been ruling, has ended his life, Caesar and the Senate have decided that it is a Roman province.
ἐπʼ ἐκείνου δὲ καὶ τῶν πρὸ αὐτοῦ βασιλέων εἰς δέκα στρατηγίας διῃρημένης τῆς χώρας, πέντε μὲν ἐξητάζοντο αἱ πρὸς τῷ Ταύρῳ, Μελιτηνὴ Καταονία Κιλικία Τυανῖτις Γαρσαυρῖτις, πέντε δὲ λοιπαὶ Λαουιανσηνὴ Σαργαραυσηνὴ Σαραουηνὴ Χαμανηνὴ Μοριμηνή.
But under him and the kings before him, the country having been divided into ten prefectures, five were reckoned near the Taurus: Melitene, Cataonia, Cilicia, Tyanitis, Garsaouritis; and the remaining five: Lauiansene, Sargarausene, Saraouene, Chamanene, Morimene.
προσεγένετο δʼ ὕστερον παρὰ Ῥωμαίων ἐκ τῆς Κιλικίας τοῖς πρὸ Ἀρχελάου καὶ ἑνδεκάτη στρατηγία, ἡ περὶ Καστάβαλά τε καὶ Κύβιστρα μέχρι τῆς Ἀντιπάτρου τοῦ λῃστοῦ Δέρβης, τῷ δὲ Ἀρχελάῳ καὶ ἡ τραχεῖα περὶ Ἐλαιοῦσσαν Κιλικία καὶ πᾶσα ἡ τὰ πειρατήρια συστησαμένη.
And later, from Cilicia, an eleventh prefecture was added by the Romans to the kings before Archelaus, namely the one around Castabala and Cybistra as far as Derbe of Antipater the pirate; and to Archelaus was also added Rugged Cilicia around Elaiussa, and all the coast that had organized the piracy.