§11.7.1τοὺς δʼ οὖν ἐν ἀριστερᾷ εἰσπλέοντι τὸ Κάσπιον πέλαγος παροικοῦντας νομάδας Δάας οἱ νῦν προσαγορεύουσι τοὺς ἐπονομαζομένους Πάρνους· εἶτʼ ἔρημος πρόκειται μεταξύ, καὶ ἐφεξῆς ἡ Ὑρκανία, καθʼ ἣν ἤδη πελαγίζει μέχρι τοῦ συνάψαι τοῖς Μηδικοῖς ὄρεσι καὶ τοῖς Ἀρμενίων.
Now, the nomadic Dahae who dwell along the left to one sailing into the Caspian Sea are called by the people of today the Parni, as they are surnamed; then a desert lies between, and next comes Hyrcania, along which the sea already extends broadly until it joins with the mountains of the Medes and those of the Armenians.
τούτων δʼ ἐστὶ μηνοειδὲς τὸ σχῆμα κατὰ τὰς ὑπωρείας, αἳ τελευτῶσαι πρὸς θάλατταν ποιοῦσι τὸν μυχὸν τοῦ κόλπου.
The shape of these mountains at their foothills is crescent-shaped, which, ending at the sea, form the recess of the gulf.
οἰκεῖ δὲ τὴν παρώρειαν ταύτην μέχρι τῶν ἄκρων ἀπὸ θαλάττης ἀρξαμένοις ἐπὶ μικρὸν μὲν τῶν Ἀλβανῶν τι μέρος καὶ τῶν Ἀρμενίων, τὸ δὲ πλέον Γῆλαι καὶ Καδούσιοι καὶ Ἄμαρδοι καὶ Οὐίτιοι καὶ Ἀναριάκαι.
This mountain-slope, from the sea up to the summits, is inhabited, for a short distance by those beginning from the sea, by a certain part of the Albanians and the Armenians, but the greater part is occupied by the Gelae, Cadusii, Amardi, Vitii, and Anariacae.
φασὶ δὲ Παρρασίων τινὰς συνοικῆσαι τοῖς Ἀναριάκαις, οὓς καλεῖσθαι νῦν Παρσίους· Αἰνιᾶνας δʼ ἐν τῇ Οὐιτίᾳ τειχίσαι πόλιν ἣν Αἰνιάνα καλεῖσθαι, καὶ δείκνυσθαι ὅπλα τε Ἑλληνικὰ ἐνταῦθα καὶ σκεύη χαλκᾶ καὶ ταφάς· ἐνταῦθα δὲ καὶ πόλιν Ἀναριάκην, ἐν ᾗ, φασί, δείκνυται μαντεῖον ἐγκοιμωμένων καὶ ἄλλα τινὰ ἔθνη λῃστρικὰ καὶ μάχιμα μᾶλλον ἢ γεωργικά· ποιεῖ δὲ τοῦτο ἡ τραχύτης τῶν τόπων.
They say that some of the Parrhasians settled together with the Anariacae, who are now called Parsi; and that the Aenianians built a walled city in the territory of Vitia, which is called Aeniana, where Greek arms, bronze vessels, and tombs are shown; and that there is also a city Anariace there, in which, they say, an oracle for dream-seekers is shown, and certain other tribes that are predatory and warlike rather than agricultural, a condition caused by the ruggedness of the places.
τὸ μέντοι πλέον τῆς περὶ τὴν ὀρεινὴν παραλίας Καδούσιοι νέμονται, σχεδὸν δέ τι ἐπὶ πεντακισχιλίους σταδίους, ὥς φησι Πατροκλῆς, ὃς καὶ πάρισον ἡγεῖται τὸ πέλαγος τοῦτο τῷ Ποντικῷ.
However, the greater part of the mountainous coast is occupied by the Cadusii, for a distance of almost five thousand stadia, as Patrocles says, who also considers this sea to be approximately equal in size to the Pontus.
ταῦτα μὲν οὖν τὰ χωρία λυπρά.
These regions, then, are wretched.
§11.7.2ἡ δʼ Ὑρκανία σφόδρα εὐδαίμων καὶ πολλὴ καὶ τὸ πλέον πεδιὰς πόλεσί τε ἀξιολόγοις διειλημμένη, ὧν ἐστι Ταλαβρόκη καὶ Σαμαριανὴ καὶ Κάρτα καὶ τὸ βασίλειον Τάπη, ὅ φασι μικρὸν ὑπὲρ τῆς θαλάττης ἱδρυμένον διέχειν τῶν Κασπίων πυλῶν σταδίους χιλίους τετρακοσίους.
Hyrcania, on the other hand, is exceedingly fertile and large, and for the most part plain, and is divided by noteworthy cities, among which are Talabroce, Samariane, Carta, and the royal residence Tape, which they say is situated slightly above the sea and is distant one thousand four hundred stadia from the Caspian Gates.
σημεῖα δὲ τῆς εὐδαιμονίας· ἡ μὲν γὰρ ἄμπελος μετρητὴν οἴνου φέρει, ἡ δὲ συκῆ μεδίμνους ἑξήκοντα, ὁ δὲ σῖτος ἐκ τοῦ ἐκπεσόντος καρποῦ τῆς καλάμης φύεται, ἐν δὲ τοῖς δένδρεσι σμηνουργεῖται καὶ τῶν φύλλων ἀπορρεῖ μέλι· τοῦτο δὲ γίνεται καὶ τῆς Μηδίας ἐν τῇ Ματιανῇ καὶ τῆς Ἀρμενίας ἐν τῇ Σακασηνῇ καὶ τῇ Ἀραξηνῇ.
And the signs of its fertility are these: the vine yields a metretes of wine, the fig tree sixty medimnoi of fruit, the corn grows from the seed that falls from the stalk, bees build hives in the trees, and honey drips from the leaves; and this also happens in Matiane in Media, and in Sacasene and Araxene in Armenia.
τῆς μέντοι προσηκούσης ἐπιμελείας οὐκ ἔτυχεν οὔτε αὐτὴ οὔτε ἡ ἐπώνυμος αὐτῇ θάλαττα ἄπλους τε οὖσα καὶ ἀργός· νῆσοί τέ εἰσιν οἰκεῖσθαι δυνάμεναι, ὡς δʼ εἰρήκασί τινες καὶ χρυσῖτιν ἔχουσαι γῆν.
However, neither the land itself nor its namesake sea has met with the proper care, the sea being unnavigated and unused; and there are islands capable of being inhabited, which, as some have said, even contain gold-producing soil.
αἴτιον δʼ ὅτι καὶ οἱ ἡγεμόνες οἵ τʼ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἐτύγχανον βάρβαροι ὄντες οἱ τῶν Ὑρκανῶν, Μῆδοί τε καὶ Πέρσαι καὶ οἱ ὕστατοι Παρθυαῖοι, χείρους ἐκείνων ὄντες, καὶ ἡ γείτων ἅπασα χώρα λῃστῶν καὶ νομάδων μεστὴ καὶ ἐρημίας.
The reason is that the rulers of the Hyrcanians, both those from the beginning, happened to be barbarians, Medes and Persians, and the last, the Parthians, who were worse than the former, and all the neighboring country was full of bandits and nomads and desolation.
Μακεδόνες δʼ ὀλίγον μὲν χρόνον ἐπῆρξαν, ἀλλʼ ἐν πολέμοις ὄντες καὶ τὰ πόρρω σκοπεῖν οὐ δυνάμενοι.
The Macedonians ruled for a short time, but since they were engaged in wars and were unable to look to things far away.
φησὶ δʼ Ἀριστόβουλος ὑλώδη οὖσαν τὴν Ὑρκανίαν δρῦν ἔχειν, πεύκην δὲ καὶ ἐλάτην καὶ πίτυν μὴ φύειν, τὴν δʼ Ἰνδικὴν πληθύειν τούτοις.
Aristobulus says that Hyrcania, which is woody, has the oak, but does not produce the fir, the silver-fir, or the pine, though India abounds with these.
τῆς δὲ Ὑρκανίας ἐστὶ καὶ ἡ Νησαία· τινὲς δὲ καὶ καθʼ αὑτὴν τιθέασι τὴν Νησαίαν.
Nisaea also belongs to Hyrcania, though some place Nisaea by itself.