§2#2ἀλλὰ μὴν οὐδὲ τοῦ ἀλλοιουμένου καὶ τοῦ ἀλλοιοῦντος | οὐδέν ἐστιν μεταξύ.
But indeed, neither is there anything between that which is altered and that which alters.
τοῦτο δὲ δῆλον ἐκ τῆς ἐπαγωγῆς.
And this is clear from induction.
ἐν ἅπασι γὰρ συμ|βαίνει ἅμα εἶναι τὸ ἀλλοιοῦν ἔσχατον καὶ τὸ πρῶτον ἀλλοιούμενον.
For in all cases it happens that the last altering agent and the first altered thing are together.
τὸ γὰρ ποιὸν ἀλλοιοῦται τῷ αἰσθητὸν εἶναι, αἰσθητὰ δέ ἐστιν οἷς διαφέρουσιν | τὰ σώματα ἀλλήλων, οἷον βαρύτης κουφότης, σκληρότης μαλακότης, | ψόφος ἀψοφία, λευκότης μελανία, γλυκύτης πικρότης, ὑγρότης ξηρό|της, πυκνότης μανότης, καὶ τὰ μεταξὺ τούτων, ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ τὰ ἄλλα | τὰ ὑπὸ τὰς αἰσθήσεις, ὧν ἐστι καὶ ἡ θερμότης καὶ ἡ ψυχρότης, καὶ ἡ | λειότης καὶ ἡ τραχύτης.
For quality is altered by being sensible, and those things are sensible by which bodies differ from one another, such as heaviness and lightness, hardness and softness, sound and soundlessness, whiteness and blackness, sweetness and bitterness, wetness and dryness, density and rarity, and the intermediates between these, and likewise the other things under the senses, among which are also heat and cold, smoothness and roughness.
ταῦτα γάρ ἐστι πάθη τῆς ὑποκειμένης ποιότητος.
For these are affections of the underlying quality.
| τούτοις γὰρ διαφέρουσι τὰ αἰσθητὰ τῶν σωμάτων ἢ κατὰ τὸ τούτων τι μᾶλλον καὶ ἧττον πάσχειν.
For it is by these that sensible bodies differ, or by suffering one of these to a greater or lesser degree.
θερμαινόμενα γὰρ ἢ ψυχόμενα | ἢ γλυκαινόμενα ἢ πικραινόμενα ἢ κατά τι ἄλλο τῶν προειρημέ|νων ὁμοίως τά τε ἔμψυχα τῶν σωμάτων καὶ τὰ ἄψυχα καὶ τῶν ἐμψύχων ὅσα τῶν μερῶν ἄψυχα.
For in being heated or cooled, or sweetened or embittered, or in respect of any other of the aforementioned qualities, both animate and inanimate bodies are affected in like manner, and among animate bodies, such parts as are inanimate.
καὶ αὐταὶ δὲ αἱ αἰσθήσεις ἀλλοιοῦνται. πά|σχουσι γάρ· ἡ γὰρ ἐνέργεια αὐτῶν κίνησίς ἐστιν διὰ σώματος πασχούσης τι τῆς αἰσθήσεως.
And the senses themselves also undergo alteration; for they suffer action, since their actualization is a motion through the body, while the sense suffers something.
καθʼ ὅσα μὲν οὖν ἀλλοιοῦνται τὰ ἄψυχα, καὶ τὰ ἔμψυχα | κατὰ πάντα ταῦτα ἀλλοιοῦνται· καθʼ ὅσα δὲ τὰ ἔμψυχα ἀλλοι|οῦνται, κατὰ ταῦτα οὐκ ἀλλοιοῦνται τὰ ἄψυχα (κατὰ γὰρ τὰς αἰσθήσεις | οὐκ ἀλλοιοῦνται)· καὶ λανθάνει ἀλλοιούμενα τὰ ἄψυχα.
In whatever respects, then, inanimate things are altered, animate things are also altered in all these respects; but in those respects in which animate things are altered, inanimate things are not altered in those respects (for they are not altered in respect of senses); and inanimate things are altered without it being noticed.
οὐθὲν δὲ κωλύει | καὶ τὰ ἔμψυχα λανθάνειν ἀλλοιούμενα, ὅταν μὴ κατὰ τὰς αἰσθήσεις | συμβαίνῃ τὸ τῆς ἀλλοιώσεως αὐτοῖς.
But nothing prevents animate things also from being altered without it being noticed, when the occurrence of their alteration does not happen in respect of the senses.
εἴπερ οὖν αἰσθητὰ μὲν τὰ πάθη, | διὰ δὲ τούτων ἡ ἀλλοίωσις, τούτοις γε φανερὸν ὅτι τὸ πάσχον καὶ τὸ | πάθος ἅμα, καὶ τούτων οὐθέν ἐστιν μεταξύ.
If, then, the affections are sensible, and the alteration is through these, it is clear in these cases at least that the patient and the affection are together, and there is nothing between them.
τῷ μὲν γὰρ ὁ ἀὴρ συνεχής, τῷ | δʼ ἀέρι συνάπτει τὸ σῶμα· καὶ ἡ μὲν ἐπιφάνεια πρὸς τὸ φῶς, τὸ δὲ φῶς πρὸς τὴν ὄψιν.
For the air is continuous with the one, and the body touches the air; and the surface is in contact with the light, and the light with the sight.
ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ ἡ ἀκοὴ καὶ ἡ ὄσφρησις πρὸς τὸ κι|νοῦν αὐτὰς πρῶτον.
And likewise also hearing and smell are in contact with that which first moves them.
τὸν αὐτὸν δὲ τρόπον ἅμα καὶ ἡ γεῦσις καὶ ὁ χυμός | ἐστιν.
And in the same way, taste and flavor are also together.
καὶ τὸ αὐξανόμενον δὲ καὶ τὸ αὖξον· πρόσθεσις γάρ τις ἡ αὔξησις, ὥσθʼ ἅμα τό | τʼ αὐξανόμενον καὶ τὸ αὖξον.
And also that which is increased and that which increases; for increase is a certain addition, so that both that which is increased and that which increases are together.
καὶ ἡ φθίσις δέ· τὸ γὰρ τῆς φθίσεως αἴ|τιον ἀφαίρεσίς τις.
And decrease also; for the cause of decrease is a certain subtraction.
φανερὸν δὴ ὡς τοῦ κινοῦντος ἐσχάτου καὶ τοῦ κινου|μένου πρώτου οὐθέν ἐστιν μεταξύ. |
It is clear, then, that there is nothing between the last mover and the first moved.