§1249#2τῆς δὲ φρονήσεώς ἐστι τὸ βουλεύσασθαι, τὸ κρῖναι τὰ ἀγαθὰ καὶ τὰ κακὰ καὶ πάντα τὰ ἐν τῷ βίῳ αἱρετὰ καὶ φευκτά, τὸ χρῆσθαι πᾶσι καλῶς τοῖς ὑπάρχουσιν ἀγαθοῖς, τὸ ὁμιλῆσαι ὀρθῶς, τὸ συνιδεῖν τοὺς καιρούς, τὸ ἀγχίνως χρήσασθαι καὶ λόγῳ καὶ ἔργῳ, τὸ τὴν ἐμπειρίαν ἔχειν τῶν χρησίμων πάντων.
It is characteristic of prudence to deliberate, to judge good and bad things and all things in life that are to be chosen and avoided, to make noble use of all existing goods, to associate rightly, to discern opportunities, to act shrewdly both in word and deed, and to have experience of all useful things.
ἡ μνήμη δὲ καὶ ἐμπειρία καὶ ἀγχίνοια ἤτοι ἀπὸ τῆς φρονήσεως ἑκάστη αὐτῶν ἐστίν, ἢ παρέπεται τῇ φρονήσει· ἢ τὰ μὲν αὐτῶν οἷον συναίτια τῆς φρονήσεώς ἐστι, καθάπερ ἐμπειρία καὶ ἡ μνήμη, τὰ δὲ οἷον μέρη αὐτῆς, οἷον εὐβουλία καὶ ἀγχίνοια.
Memory, experience, and shrewdness each either derive from prudence or accompany prudence; or some of them are, as it were, co-causes of prudence, just as experience and memory are, while others are, as it were, parts of it, such as good deliberation and shrewdness.
πραότητος δʼ ἐστὶ τὸ δύνασθαι φέρειν μετρίως ἐγκλήματα καὶ ὀλιγωρίας, καὶ τὸ μὴ ταχέως ὁρμᾶν ἐπὶ τὰς τιμωρίας, καὶ τὸ μὴ εὐκίνητον εἶναι πρὸς τὰς ὀργάς, ἄπικρον δὲ τῷ ἤθει καὶ ἀφιλόνεικον, ἔχοντα τὸ ἠρεμαῖον ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ καὶ στάσιμον.
It is characteristic of gentleness to be able to bear accusations and slights with moderation, not to rush quickly to punishments, not to be easily moved to anger, to be without bitterness in character and non-contentious, possessing a calm and steadfast state in the soul.
ἀνδρείας δʼ ἐστὶ τὸ δυσέκπληκτον ὑπὸ φόβων τῶν περὶ θάνατον, καὶ τὸ εὐθαρσῆ ἐν τοῖς δεινοῖς, καὶ τὸ εὔτολμον πρὸς τοὺς κινδύνους, καὶ τὸ μᾶλλον αἱρεῖσθαι τεθνάναι καλῶς ἢ αἰσχρῶς σωθῆναι, καὶ τὸ νίκης αἴτιον εἶναι.
It is characteristic of courage not to be easily dismayed by the terrors concerning death, to be of good courage in terrible situations, and daring in the face of dangers, to choose to die nobly rather than to be saved shamefully, and to be the cause of victory.
ἔτι δὲ ἀνδρείας ἐστὶ καὶ τὸ πονεῖν καὶ καρτερεῖν καὶ αἱρεῖσθαι ἀνδραγαθίζεσθαι.
Furthermore, it belongs to courage to toil and endure and to choose to act manfully.
παρέπεται δὲ τῇ ἀνδρείᾳ καὶ ἡ εὐτολμία καὶ ἡ εὐψυχία καὶ τὸ θάρσος καὶ τὸ θράσος, ἔτι δὲ καὶ ἡ φιλοπονία καὶ ἡ καρτερία.
And courage is accompanied by daring, high spirit, confidence, boldness, and also love of labor and endurance.
σωφροσύνης δʼ ἐστὶ τὸ μὴ θαυμάζειν τὰς ἀπολαύσεις τῶν σωματικῶν ἡδονῶν, καὶ τὸ εἶναι πάσης ἀπολαύσεως αἰσχρᾶς ἡδονῆς ἀνόρεκτον, καὶ τὸ φοβεῖσθαι καὶ τὴν δικαίαν ἄδειαν, καὶ τὸ τετάσθαι περὶ τὸν βίον ὁμοίως ἔν τε μικροῖς καὶ μεγάλοις.
It is characteristic of temperance not to admire the enjoyments of bodily pleasures, to be without desire for any enjoyment of shameful pleasure, to fear even justifiable impunity, and to be ordered throughout life similarly in both small things and great.
παρέπεται δὲ τῇ σωφροσύνῃ εὐταξία, κοσμιότης, αἰδώς, εὐλάβεια.
And temperance is accompanied by good order, decorum, modesty, and caution.
ἐγκρατείας δʼ ἐστὶ τὸ δύνασθαι κατασχεῖν τῷ λογισμῷ τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν ὁρμῶσαν ἐπὶ φαύλας ἀπολαύσεις καὶ ἡδονάς, καὶ τὸ καρτερεῖν, καὶ τὸ ὑπομονητικὸν εἶναι τῆς κατὰ φύσιν ἐνδείας καὶ λύπης.
It is characteristic of self-control to be able to restrain by reason the desire rushing toward base enjoyments and pleasures, to endure, and to be patient under natural lack and pain.
δικαιοσύνης δʼ ἐστὶ τὸ διανεμητικὸν εἶναι τοῦ κατʼ ἀξίαν, καὶ σώζειν τὰ πάτρια ἔθη καὶ τὰ νόμιμα, καὶ τὸ σώζειν τοὺς γεγραμμένους νόμους, καὶ τὸ ἀληθεύειν ἐν τῷ διαφέροντι, καὶ τὸ διαφυλάττειν τὰς ὁμολογίας.
It is characteristic of justice to distribute according to worth, to preserve ancestral customs and usages, to preserve written laws, to tell the truth in matters of dispute, and to keep agreements.
ἔστι δὲ πρώτη τῶν δικαιοσυνῶν πρὸς τοὺς θεούς, εἶτα πρὸς δαίμονας, εἶτα πρὸς πατρίδα καὶ γονεῖς, εἶτα πρὸς τοὺς κατοιχομένους· ἐν οἷς ἐστὶν ἡ εὐσέβεια, ἤτοι μέρος οὖσα δικαιοσύνης ἢ παρακολουθοῦσα.
And the first of justices is toward the gods, then toward daemons, then toward homeland and parents, then toward the deceased; among these is piety, which is either a part of justice or follows it.
ἀκολουθεῖ δὲ τῇ δικαιοσύνῃ καὶ ὁσιότης καὶ ἀλήθεια καὶ ἡ πίστις καὶ ἡ μισοπονηρία.
And justice is followed by holiness, truth, good faith, and hatred of wickedness.
ἐλευθεριότητος δʼ ἐστὶ τὸ προετικὸν εἶναι χρημάτων εἰς τὰ ἐπαινετά, καὶ δαψιλῆ ἐπὶ τῷ εἰς τὰ δέοντα ἀναλωθῆναι, καὶ τὸ βοηθητικὸν εἶναι ἐν τῷ διαφόρῳ, καὶ τὸ μὴ λαβεῖν ὅθεν μὴ δεῖ.
It is characteristic of liberality to spend money on praiseworthy things, to be lavish in spending on what is necessary, to be helpful in cases of dispute, and not to take from where one ought not.
ἔστι δὲ ὁ ἐλευθέριος καὶ περὶ ἐσθῆτα καθαρὸς καὶ περὶ οἴκησιν, καὶ κατασκευαστικὸς τῶν περιττῶν καὶ καλῶν καὶ διαγωγὴν ἐχόντων ἡδεῖαν ἄνευ τοῦ λυσιτελοῦντος, καὶ θρεπτικὸς τῶν ζῴων τῶν ἴδιον ἐχόντων τι ἢ θαυμαστόν.
The liberal person is clean about clothing and housing, and apt to acquire things that are superfluous, beautiful, and afford a pleasant pastime without being profitable, and keeps animals that have some peculiar or wonderful quality.
ἀκολουθεῖ δὲ τῇ ἐλευθεριότητι τοῦ ἤθους ὑγρότης καὶ εὐαγωγία καὶ φιλανθρωπία καὶ τὸ εἶναι ἐλεητικὸν καὶ φιλόφιλον καὶ φιλόξενον καὶ φιλόκαλον.
And liberality of character is followed by flexibility, tractability, philanthropy, pity, love of friends, hospitality, and love of beauty.
μεγαλοψυχίας δʼ ἐστὶ τὸ καλῶς ἐνεγκεῖν καὶ εὐτυχίαν καὶ ἀτυχίαν καὶ τιμὴν καὶ ἀτιμίαν, καὶ τὸ θαυμάζειν μήτε τρυφὴν μήτε θεραπείαν μήτε ἐξουσίαν μήτε τὰς νίκας τὰς ἐναγωνίους, ἔχειν δέ τι βάθος τῆς ψυχῆς καὶ μέγεθος.
It is characteristic of magnanimity to bear well both good fortune and misfortune, honor and dishonor, and not to admire luxury, attention, power, or victories in contests, but to possess a certain depth and greatness of soul.
ἔστι δὲ μεγαλόψυχος οὔθʼ ὁ τὸ ζῆν περὶ πολλοῦ ποιούμενος οὔθʼ ὁ φιλόζωος. ἁπλοῦς δὲ τῷ ἤθει καὶ γενναῖος, ἀδικεῖσθαι δυνάμενος, καὶ οὐ τιμωρητικός.
The magnanimous person is neither one who values life highly nor one who loves life, but is simple in character and noble, able to be wronged, and not given to retaliation.
ἀκολουθεῖ δὲ τῇ μεγαλοψυχίᾳ ἁπλότης καὶ ἀλήθεια.
And magnanimity is followed by simplicity and truth.