§1249#1ἐπαινετὰ μέν ἐστι τὰ καλά, ψεκτὰ δὲ τὰ αἰσχρά.
Honorable things are praiseworthy, and shameful things are blameworthy.
καὶ τῶν μὲν καλῶν ἡγοῦνται αἱ ἀρεταί, τῶν δʼ αἰσχρῶν αἱ κακίαι.
And of honorable things, the virtues lead the way, while of shameful things, the vices lead.
ἐπαινετὰ δʼ ἐστὶ καὶ τὰ αἴτια τῶν ἀρετῶν καὶ τὰ παρεπόμενα ταῖς ἀρεταῖς καὶ τὰ γινόμενα ἀπʼ αὐτῶν καὶ τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν, ψεκτὰ δὲ τὰ ἐναντία.
Also praiseworthy are the causes of the virtues, the accompaniments of the virtues, the things that arise from them, and their works; and the opposites of these are blameworthy.
τριμεροῦς δὲ τῆς ψυχῆς λαμβανομένης κατὰ Πλάτωνα, τοῦ μὲν λογιστικοῦ ἀρετή ἐστιν ἡ φρόνησις, τοῦ δὲ θυμοειδοῦς ἥ τε πραότης καὶ ἡ ἀνδρεία, τοῦ δὲ ἐπιθυμητικοῦ ἥ τε σωφροσύνη καὶ ἡ ἐγκράτεια, ὅλης δὲ τῆς ψυχῆς ἥ τε δικαιοσύνη καὶ ἡ ἐλευθεριότης καὶ ἡ μεγαλοψυχία.
When the soul is understood as tripartite according to Plato, the virtue of the rational part is prudence, that of the spirited part is gentleness and courage, that of the appetitive part is temperance and self-control, and that of the whole soul is justice, liberality, and magnanimity.
κακία δʼ ἐστὶ τοῦ μὲν λογιστικοῦ ἡ ἀφροσύνη, τοῦ δὲ θυμοειδοῦς ἥ τε ὀργιλότης καὶ ἡ δειλία, τοῦ δὲ ἐπιθυμητικοῦ ἥ τε ἀκολασία καὶ ἡ ἀκράτεια, ὅλης δὲ τῆς ψυχῆς ἥ τε ἀδικία καὶ ἀνελευθεριότης καὶ μικροψυχία.
And vice of the rational part is foolishness, that of the spirited part is irascibility and cowardice, that of the appetitive part is licentiousness and incontinence, and that of the whole soul is injustice, illiberality, and pusillanimity.
ἔστι δὲ φρόνησις μὲν ἀρετὴ τοῦ λογιστικοῦ, παρασκευαστικὴ τῶν πρὸς εὐδαιμονίαν συντεινόντων.
Prudence is the virtue of the rational part, which prepares the things that contribute to happiness.
πραότης δʼ ἐστὶν ἀρετὴ τοῦ θυμοειδοῦς, καθʼ ἣν ὑπὸ ὀργῆς γίνονται δυσκίνητοι.
Gentleness is the virtue of the spirited part, through which people become hard to move by anger.
ἀνδρεία δʼ ἐστὶν ἀρετὴ τοῦ θυμοειδοῦς, καθʼ ἣν δυσέκπληκτοί εἰσιν ὑπὸ φόβων τῶν περὶ θάνατον.
Courage is the virtue of the spirited part, through which they are not easily dismayed by the terrors concerning death.
σωφροσύνη δʼ ἐστὶν ἀρετὴ τοῦ ἐπιθυμητικοῦ, καθʼ ἣν ἀνόρεκτοι γίνονται περὶ τὰς ἀπολαύσεις τῶν φαύλων ἡδονῶν.
Temperance is the virtue of the appetitive part, through which they become without desire for the enjoyment of base pleasures.
ἐγκράτεια δʼ ἐστὶν ἀρετὴ τοῦ ἐπιθυμητικοῦ, καθʼ ἣν κατέχουσι τῷ λογισμῷ τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν ὁρμῶσαν ἐπὶ τὰς φαύλας ἡδονάς.
Self-control is the virtue of the appetitive part, through which they restrain by reason the desire that rushes toward base pleasures.
δικαιοσύνη δʼ ἐστὶν ἀρετὴ ψυχῆς διανεμητικὴ τοῦ κατʼ ἀξίαν.
Justice is the virtue of the soul that distributes according to worth.
ἐλευθεριότης δʼ ἐστὶν ἀρετὴ ψυχῆς εὐδάπανος εἰς τὰ καλά.
Liberality is the virtue of the soul that spends freely on honorable things.
μεγαλοψυχία δʼ ἐστὶν ἀρετὴ ψυχῆς, καθʼ ἣν δύναται φέρειν εὐτυχίαν καὶ ἀτυχίαν καὶ τιμὴν καὶ ἀτιμίαν.
Magnanimity is the virtue of the soul, through which one is able to bear good fortune and misfortune, honor and dishonor.
ἀφροσύνη δʼ ἐστὶ κακία τοῦ λογιστικοῦ, αἰτία τοῦ ζῆν κακῶς.
Foolishness is the vice of the rational part, being the cause of living badly.
ὀργιλότης δʼ ἐστὶ κακία τοῦ θυμοειδοῦς, καθʼ ἣν εὐκίνητοι γίνονται πρὸς ὀργήν.
Irascibility is the vice of the spirited part, through which people become easily moved to anger.
δειλία δʼ ἐστὶ κακία τοῦ θυμοειδοῦς, καθʼ ἣν ἐκπλήττονται ὑπὸ φόβων, καὶ μάλιστα τῶν περὶ θάνατον.
Cowardice is the vice of the spirited part, through which they are dismayed by terrors, especially those concerning death.
ἀκολασία δʼ ἐστὶ κακία τοῦ ἐπιθυμητικοῦ, καθʼ ἣν αἱροῦνται τὰς φαύλας ἡδονάς.
Licentiousness is the vice of the appetitive part, through which they choose base pleasures.
ἀκράτεια δʼ ἐστὶ κακία τοῦ ἐπιθυμητικοῦ, καθʼ ἣν παρασύρουσι τῇ ἀλογίᾳ τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν ὠθοῦσαν ἐπὶ τὰς τῶν φαύλων ἡδονῶν ἀπολαύσεις.
Incontinence is the vice of the appetitive part, through which, by their lack of reason, they allow the desire that impels them toward the enjoyment of base pleasures to sweep them away.
ἀδικία δʼ ἐστὶ κακία ψυχῆς, καθʼ ἣν πλεονεκτικοὶ γίνονται παρὰ τὴν ἀξίαν.
Injustice is the vice of the soul, through which people become grasping contrary to worth.
ἀνελευθερία δʼ ἐστὶ κακία ψυχῆς, καθʼ ἣν ὀρέγονται τοῦ πανταχόθεν κέρδους.
Illiberality is the vice of the soul, through which they aim at profit from every source.
μικροψυχία δʼ ἐστὶ κακία ψυχῆς, καθʼ ἣν ἀδύνατοί εἰσι φέρειν εὐτυχίαν καὶ ἀτυχίαν καὶ τιμὴν καὶ ἀτιμίαν.
Pusillanimity is the vice of the soul, through which they are unable to bear good fortune and misfortune, honor and dishonor.