§4.1299bἐν δὲ ταῖς μικραῖς ἀνάγκη συνάγειν εἰς ὀλίγους πολλὰς ἀρχάς (διὰ γὰρ ὀλιγανθρωπίαν οὐ ῥᾴδιόν ἐστι πολλοὺς ἐν ταῖς ἀρχαῖς εἶναι· τίνες γὰρ οἱ τούτοις ἔσονται διαδεξόμενοι πάλιν; ).
On the other hand, in small cities it is necessary to combine many offices into few hands (for because of the smallness of the population it is not easy for many to be in office; for who will be those who succeed these in turn?).
δέονται δʼ ἐνίοτε τῶν αὐτῶν ἀρχῶν καὶ νόμων αἱ μικραὶ ταῖς μεγάλαις· πλὴν αἱ μὲν δέονται πολλάκις τῶν αὐτῶν, ταῖς δʼ ἐν πολλῷ χρόνῳ τοῦτο συμβαίνει, διόπερ οὐθὲν κωλύει πολλὰς ἐπιμελείας ἅμα προστάττειν (οὐ γὰρ ἐμποδιοῦσιν ἀλλήλαις), καὶ πρὸς τὴν ὀλιγανθρωπίαν ἀναγκαῖον τὰ ἀρχεῖα οἷον ὀβελισκολύχνια ποιεῖν.
And sometimes small cities need the same offices and laws as large ones; except that the former need them frequently, whereas for the latter this happens only at long intervals; wherefore nothing prevents imposing many duties of supervision at the same time (for they will not get in each other's way), and in view of the smallness of the population it is necessary to make the offices like spit-lamps.
ἐὰν οὖν ἔχωμεν λέγειν πόσας ἀναγκαῖον ὑπάρχειν πάσῃ πόλει, καὶ πόσας οὐκ ἀναγκαῖον μὲν δεῖ δʼ ὑπάρχειν, ῥᾷον ἄν τις εἰδὼς ταῦτα συνίδοι ποίας ἁρμόττει συνάγειν ἀρχὰς εἰς μίαν ἀρχήν.
If, then, we are able to state how many offices must necessarily exist in every city, and how many, though not necessary, ought to exist, someone knowing these things would more easily see what kinds of offices it is suitable to combine into a single office.
ἁρμόττει δὲ καὶ τοῦτο μὴ λεληθέναι, ποίων δεῖ κατὰ τόπον ἀρχεῖα πολλὰ ἐπιμελεῖσθαι καὶ ποίων πανταχοῦ μίαν ἀρχὴν εἶναι κυρίαν, οἷον εὐκοσμίας πότερον ἐν ἀγορᾷ μὲν ἀγορανόμον, ἄλλον δὲ κατʼ ἄλλον τόπον, ἢ πανταχοῦ τὸν αὐτόν· καὶ πότερον κατὰ τὸ πρᾶγμα δεῖ διαιρεῖν ἢ κατὰ τοὺς ἀνθρώπους, λέγω δʼ οἷον ἕνα τῆς εὐκοσμίας, ἢ παίδων ἄλλον καὶ γυναικῶν· καὶ κατὰ τὰς πολιτείας δέ, πότερον διαφέρει καθʼ ἑκάστην καὶ τὸ τῶν ἀρχῶν γένος ἢ οὐθέν, οἷον ἐν δημοκρατίᾳ καὶ ὀλιγαρχίᾳ καὶ ἀριστοκρατίᾳ καὶ μοναρχίᾳ πότερον αἱ αὐταὶ μέν εἰσιν ἀρχαὶ κύριαι, οὐκ ἐξ ἴσων δʼ οὐδʼ ἐξ ὁμοίων, ἀλλʼ ἑτέρων ἐν ἑτέραις, οἷον ἐν μὲν ταῖς ἀριστοκρατίαις ἐκ πεπαιδευμένων, ἐν δὲ ταῖς ὀλιγαρχίαις ἐκ τῶν πλουσίων, ἐν δὲ ταῖς δημοκρατίαις ἐκ τῶν ἐλευθέρων, ἢ τυγχάνουσι μέν τινες οὖσαι καὶ κατʼ αὐτὰς τὰς διαφορὰς τῶν ἀρχῶν, ἔστι δʼ ὅπου συμφέρουσιν αἱ αὐταὶ καὶ ὅπου διαφέρουσαι (ἔνθα μὲν γὰρ ἁρμόττει μεγάλας ἔνθα δʼ εἶναι μικρὰς τὰς αὐτάς).
And it is also suitable not to overlook this: what kinds of things ought to be supervised by many offices according to locality, and for what kinds a single office ought to have authority everywhere; for example, as regards good order, whether there should be a market-inspector in the market and another in another place, or the same one everywhere; and whether one ought to divide by the business or by the persons, I mean, for instance, whether there should be one for good order in general, or one for children and another for women; and also in relation to the constitutions, whether the kind of offices also differs in each or not at all; for instance, in democracy, oligarchy, aristocracy, and monarchy, whether the same offices have authority, but not from equals nor from similar persons, but from different ones in different constitutions, for instance, in aristocracies from the educated, in oligarchies from the wealthy, and in democracies from the free; or whether there happen to be some offices according to the very differences of the offices themselves, and in some cases the same offices are advantageous and in others different ones (for in some places it is suitable for the same offices to be great, and in others small).
οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ καὶ ἴδιαί τινες εἰσίν, οἷον ἡ τῶν προβούλων· αὕτη γὰρ οὐ δημοκρατική.
Not but what there are also some peculiar to certain constitutions, for instance that of the preliminary deliberators; for this is not democratic.
βουλὴ δὲ δημοτικόν· δεῖ μὲν γὰρ εἶναί τι τοιοῦτον ᾧ ἐπιμελὲς ἔσται τοῦ δήμου προβουλεύειν, ὅπως ἀσχολῶν ἔσται, τοῦτο δʼ, ἐὰν ὀλίγοι τὸν ἀριθμὸν ὦσιν, ὀλιγαρχικόν· τοὺς δὲ προβούλους ὀλίγους ἀναγκαῖον εἶναι τὸ πλῆθος, ὥστʼ ὀλιγαρχικόν.
But a council is democratic; for there must be some such body which will have the care of preparing business for the people, so that they can attend to their private affairs; but this, if they are few in number, is oligarchic; and the preliminary deliberators must necessarily be few in number, so that it is oligarchic.
ἀλλʼ ὅπου ἄμφω αὗται αἱ ἀρχαί, οἱ πρόβουλοι καθεστᾶσιν ἐπὶ τοῖς βουλευταῖς· ὁ μὲν γὰρ βουλευτὴς δημοτικόν, ὁ δὲ πρόβουλος ὀλιγαρχικόν.
But where both these offices exist, the preliminary deliberators are established over the councilors; for the councilor is democratic, but the preliminary deliberator oligarchic.
καταλύεται δὲ καὶ τῆς βουλῆς ἡ δύναμις ἐν ταῖς τοιαύταις δημοκρατίαις ἐν αἷς αὐτὸς συνιὼν ὁ δῆμος χρηματίζει περὶ πάντων.
The power of the council is also dissolved in such democracies in which the people itself coming together transacts business about everything.