§2.3.13 Ἐχόμενον δὲ καὶ περὶ ξηροῦ καὶ ὑγροῦ διελθεῖν ἀκολούθως τοῖς εἰρημένοις.
3 Next after these, we must discuss the dry and the wet in accordance with what has been said.
λέγεται δὲ ταύτα πλεοναχῶς, οἷον τὰ μὲν δυνάμει τὰ δʼ ἐνεργείᾳ.
And these are said in many ways, as for instance some in potentiality, others in actuality.
κρύσταλλος γὰρ καὶ πᾶν τὸ πεπηγὸς ὑγρὸν λέγεται ξηρὸς μὲν ἐνεργείᾳ καὶ κατὰ συμβεβηκὸς, ὄντα δυνάμει καὶ καθʼ αὐτὰ ὑγρά, γῆ δὲ καὶ τέφρα καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα μιχθέντα ὑγρῷ ἐνεργείᾳ μὲν ὑγρὰ καὶ κατὰ συμβεβηκός, καθʼ αὑτὰ δὲ καὶ δυνάμει ξηρά·
For ice and all solidified liquid is said to be dry in actuality and by accident, being in potentiality and in themselves wet; but earth and ash and such things mixed with liquid are in actuality wet and by accident, but in themselves and in potentiality dry.
διακριθέντα δὲ ταῦτα τὰ μὲν ὕδατος ἀναπληστικὰ καὶ ἐνεργείᾳ καὶ δυνάμει ὑγρά, τὰ δὲ γῆς ἅπαντα ξηρά, καὶ τὸ κυρίως καὶ ἀπλῶς ξηρὸν τοῦτον μάλιστα λέγεται τὸν τρόπον.
And when these are separated, those which are replenishers of water are wet both in actuality and in potentiality, but those of earth are all dry, and that which is dry properly and simply is said most of all in this way.
ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ θάτερα τὰ ὑγρὰ κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν λόγον ἔχει τὸ κυρίως καὶ ἀπλῶς, καὶ ἐπὶ θερνμῶν καὶ ψυχρήν.
And similarly, the other, the wet, is in the same ratio properly and simply, and likewise for the hot and the cold.
§2.3.22 τούτων δὲ διωρισμένων φανερὸν ὅτι τὸ αἷμα ὡδὶ μέν ἐστι θερμόν, οἷον τί ἦν αὐτῷ τὸ αἵματι εἶναι, καθάπερ εἰ ὀνόματι ἑνὶ σημαίνοιμεν, τὸ ζέον ὕδωρ οὕτω λέγεται, τὸ δʼ ὑποκείμενον καὶ ὅ ποτε ὂν αἷμά ἐστιν, οὐ θερμόν·
2 These things having been defined, it is manifest that blood is in one way hot, as for instance what the being was for blood (just as if we were to signify it by one name, boiling water is so called), but the underlying subject and what blood is at any time is not hot; and in itself in one way it is hot, but in another way it is not.
καὶ καθʼ αὑτὸ ἔστι μὲν ὡς θερμόν ἐστιν, ἔστι δʼ ὡς οὔ. ἐν μὲν γὰρ τῷ λόγῳ ὑπάρξει αὐτοῦ ἡ θερμότης, ὥσπερ ἐν τῷ τοῦ λευκοῦ ἀνθρώπου τὸ λευκόν· ᾗ δὲ κατὰ πάθος τὸ αἷμεα, οὐ καθʼ αὐτὸ θερμόν.
For in its definition (logos) heat will belong to it, just as whiteness in that of a white man; but insofar as blood is by affection, it is not hot in itself.
ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ περὶ ξηροῦ καὶ ὑγροῦ.
And similarly concerning the dry and the wet.
διὸ καὶ ἐν τῇ φύσει τῶν τοιούτων τὰ μὲν θερμὰ καὶ ὑγρὰ χωριζόμενα δὲ πήγνυται καὶ ψυχρὰ φαίνεται, οἷον τὸ αἷμα, τὰ δὲ θερμὰ καὶ πάχος ἔχοντα καθάπερ ἡ χολὴ, χωριζόμενα δʼ ἐκ τῆς φύσεως τῶν ἐχόντων τοὐναντίον πάσχει· ψύχεται γὰρ καὶ ὑγραίνεται· τὸ μὲν γὰρ αἷμα ξηραίνεται μᾶλλον, ὑγραίνεται δʼ ἡ ξανθὴ χολή.
Wherefore also in the nature of such things, some being hot and wet, when separated, solidify and appear cold, as for instance blood; but others being hot and having thickness, just as bile, when separated from the nature of those having them, suffer the contrary; for they cool and become wet; for blood becomes drier, but yellow bile becomes wetter.
τὸ δὲ μᾶλλον καὶ ἧττον μετέχειν τῶν ἀντικειμένων ὡς ὑπάρχοντα δεῖ τιθέναι τούτοις.
But we must posit for these that they participate more and less in the opposites as belonging to them.
§2.3.3πῶς μὲν οὖν θερμὸν καὶ πῶς 3 ὑγρόν, καὶ πῶς τῶν ἐναντίων ἡ φύσις τοὺ αἵματος κεκοινώνηκεν, εἴρηται σχεδόν.
3 How, then, blood is hot and how wet, and how the nature of blood has shared in the opposites, has been almost said.
ἐπεὶ δʼ ἀνάγκη πᾶν τὸ αὐξανόμενον λαμβάνειν τροφὴν, ἡ δὲ τροφὴ πᾶσιν ἐξ ὑγρσῦ καὶ ξηροῦ, καὶ τούτων ἡ πέψις γίνεται καὶ ἡ μεταβολὴ διὸ τῆς τοῦ θερμοῦ δυνάμεως, καὶ τὰ ζῷα πάντα καὶ τὰ φυτά, κἀν εἰ μὴ διʼ ἄλλην αἰτίαν, ἀλλὰ δι ταύτην ἀναγκαῖον ἔχειν ἀρχὴν θερμοῦ φυσικήν, καὶ ταύτην ὥσπερ αἱ ἐργασίαι τῆς τροφῆς πλειόνων εἰσὶ μορίων.
But since it is necessary that everything that grows should receive food, and food is for all of them from the wet and the dry, and the concoction and change of these occurs through the power of the hot, all animals and plants, even if for no other cause, yet for this one must of necessity have a natural principle of heat, and this just as the workings of food belong to several parts.
ἡ μὲν γὰρ πρώτη φανερὰ τοῖς ζῴοις λειτουργία διὰ τοῦ στόματος οὖσα καὶ τῶν ἐν τούτῳ μορίων, ὅσων ἡ τροφὴ δεῖται διαιρέσεως.
For the first manifest function for animals is that through the mouth and the parts in this, as many as require the division of food.
ἀλλʼ αὕτη μὲν οὐδεμιᾶς αἰτία πέψεως, ἀλλʼ εὐπεψίας μᾶλλον· ἡ γὰρ εἰς μικρὰ διαίρεσις τῆς τροφῆς ῥᾴω ποιεῖ τῷ θερμῷ τὴν ἐργασίαν· ἡ δὲ τῆς ἄνω καὶ τῆς κάτω κοιλίας ἤδη μετὰ θερμότητος φυσικῆς ποιεῖται τὴν πέψιν.
But this is the cause of no concoction, but rather of easy concoction; for the division of food into small parts makes the working easier for the heat; but the function of the upper and the lower cavity already with natural heat produces concoction.