§2.2.1010 πρὸς δὲ τούτοις τῶν λεγομένων θερμῶν τὰ μὲν ἀλλοτρίαν ἔχει τὴν θερμότητα τὰ δʼ οἰκείαν, διαφέρει δὲ τὸ θερμὸν εἶναι οὕτως ἢ ἐκείνως πλεῖστον·
10 In addition to these, of those things called hot, some have an alien heat, others their own, and to be hot in this way or in that way differs most.
ἐγγὺς γὰρ τοῦ κατὰ συμβεβηκὸς εἶναι θερμὸν ἀλλὰ μὴ καθʼ αὑτὸ θάτερον αὐτῶν, ὥσπερ ἂν εἴ τις λέγοι, εἰ συμβεβηκὸς εἴη τῷ πυρέττοντι εἶναι μουσικῷ, τὸν μουσικὸν εἶναι θερμότερον ἢ τὸν μεθʼ ὑγιείας θερμόν.
For one of them is close to being hot by accident, and not in itself—just as if one were to say, if it should happen to the feverish person to be a musician, that the musician is warmer than one who is warm with health.
§2.2.1111 ἐπεὶ δʼ ἐστὶ τὸ μὲν καθʼ αὑτὸ θερμὸν τὸ δὲ κατὰ συμβεβηκὸς, ψύχεται μὲν βραδύτερον τὸ καθʼ αὑτό, θερμαίνει δὲ μᾶλλον πολλάκις τὴν αἴσθησιν τὸ κατὰ συμβεβηκός·
11 Since there is that which is hot in itself and that which is hot by accident, the hot in itself cools more slowly, but the hot by accident often warms the sense more.
καὶ πάλιν καίει μὲν μᾶλλον τὸ καθʼ αὐτὸ θερμὸν, οἷον ἡ φλὸξ τοῦ ὕδατος τοῦ ζέοντος, θερμαίνει δὲ κατὰ τὴν ἁφὴν τὸ ζέον μᾶλλον, τὸ κατὰ συμβεβηκὸς θερμὸν.
And again, the hot in itself burns more, as for instance a flame than boiling water, but the boiling water, which is hot by accident, warms more to the touch.
ὥστε φανερὸν ὅτι τὸ κρῖναι δυοῖν πότερον θερμότερον οὐχ ἁπλοῦν· ὡδὶ μὲν γὰρ τόδε ἔσται θερμότερον, ὡδὶ δὲ θάτερον.
So that it is manifest that judging which of two is warmer is not simple; for in this way this one will be warmer, but in that way the other.
§2.2.1212 ἕνια δὲ τῶν τοιούτων οὐδʼ ἔστιν ἁκλῶς εἰπεῖν ὅτι θερμὸν ἢ μὴ θερμόν.
12 And some of such things it is not even possible to say simply whether they are hot or not hot.
ὃ μὲν γάρ ποτε τυγχάνει ὂν τὸ ὑποκείμενον, οὐ θερμόν, συνδυαζόμενον δὲ θερμὸν, οἷον εἴ τις θεῖτο ὄνομα ὕδατι ἢ σιδήρῳ θερμῷ.
For what the underlying subject happens to be at any time is not hot, but when combined it is hot, just as if one were to give a name to hot water or hot iron.
τοῦτον γὰρ τὸν τρόπον τὸ αἷμα θερμὸν ἐστιν.
For in this way blood is hot.
καὶ ποιεῖ δὲ φανερὸν ἐν τοῖς τοιούτοις ὅτι τὸ ψυχρὸν φύσις τις ἀλλʼ οὐ στέρησίς ἐστιν, ἐν ὅσοις τὸ ὑποκείμενον κατὰ πάθος θερμόν ἐστιν.
And it makes manifest in such things that the cold is a certain nature and not a privation, in all those where the underlying subject is hot by affection.
§2.2.13τάχα δὲ καὶ ἡ τοῦ πυρὸς φύσις, εἰ 13 ἔτυχε, τοιαύτη τις ἐστίν· ἴσως γὰρ τὸ ὑποκείμενόν ἐστιν ἢ καπνὸς ἢ ἄνθραξ, ὧν τὸ μὲν ἀεὶ θερμὸν (ἀναθυμίασις γὰρ ὁ καπνός), ὁ δʼ ἄνθραξ ἀποσβεσθεὶς ψυχρὸς.
13 And perhaps the nature of fire also, it may be, is something of this kind; for perhaps the underlying subject is either smoke or charcoal, of which the former is always hot (for smoke is an exhalation), but the charcoal when extinguished is cold.
ἔλαιον δὲ καὶ πεύκη γένοιτʼ ἂν ψυχρά.
And oil and pitch-pine could become cold.
ἔχει δὲ θερμότητα καὶ τὰ πυρωσθέντα πάντα σχεδόν, οἷον κονία καὶ τέφρα, καὶ τὰ ὑποστήματα τῶν ζῴων, καὶ τῶν περιττωμάτων ἡ χολὴ, τῷ ἐμπεπυρεῦσθαι καὶ ἐγκαταλελεῖφθαί τι ἐν αὐτοῖς θερμόν.
And almost all things that have been heated by fire have heat, as for instance lye and ash, and the residues of animals, and of the excretions bile, by reason of having been heated and because some heat has been left behind in them.
ἄλλον δὲ τρόπον θερμὸν πεύκη καὶ τὰ πίονα, τῷ ταχύ μεταβάλλειν εἰς ἐνέργειαν πυρός.
But in another way pitch-pine and fat things are hot, by reason of changing quickly into the activity of fire.
δοκεῖ δὲ τὸ θερμὸν καὶ πηγνύναι καὶ τήκειν.
And heat seems both to solidify and to liquefy.
§2.2.14ὅσα μὲν οὖν ὕδατος μόνον, 14 ταῦτα πήγνυσι τὸ ψυχρὸν, ὅσα δὲ γῆς, τὸ πῦρ· καὶ τῶν θερμῶν πήγνυται ὑπὸ ψυχροῦ ταχὺ μὲν ὅσα γῆς μᾶλλον, καὶ ἀλύτως, λυτῶς δʼ, ὅσα ὕδατος.
14 Now, those things which consist of water alone, the cold solidifies, but those of earth, fire; and of hot things, those which are rather of earth are solidified by cold quickly and irreversibly, but those of water, reversibly.
ἀλλὰ περὶ μὲν τούτων ἐν ἑτέροις διώρισται σαφέστερον, ποῖα τὰ πηκτά, καὶ πήγνυται διὰ τίνας αἰτίας.
But concerning these things it has been defined more clearly in other works, which are solidifiable, and for what causes they solidify.
τὸ δὲ τί θερμὸν καὶ ποῖον θερμότερον, ἐπειδὴ λέγεται πλεοναχῶς, οὐ τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον ὑπάρξει πᾶσιν, ἀλλὰ προσδιοριστέον ὅτι καθʼ αὐτὸ μὲν τόδε, κατὰ συμβεβηκὸς δὲ πολλάκις θάτερον, ἔτι δὲ δυνάμει μὲν τοδί, τοδὶ δὲ κατʼ ἐνέργειαν, καὶ τόνδε μὲν τὸν τρόπον τοδί, τῷ μᾶλλον τὴν ἁφὴν θερμαίνειν, τοδὶ δὲ τῷ φλόγα ποιεῖν καὶ πυροῦν.
But as to what is hot and which is warmer, since it is said in many ways, it will not belong to all things in the same way, but we must further distinguish that this one is so in itself, but the other often by accident, and further this one in potentiality, but that one in actuality, and this one in this way, by warming the touch more, and that one by producing flame and heating to redness.
§2.2.15λεγομένου δὲ τοῦ 15 θερμοῦ πολλαχῶς, ἀκολουθήσει δῆλον ὅτι καὶ τὸ ψυχρὸν κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν λόγον.
15 And since the hot is said in many ways, it is clear that the cold also will follow according to the same ratio.
καὶ περὶ μὲν θερμοῦ καὶ ψυχροῦ καὶ τῆς ὑπεροχῆς αὐτῶν διωρίσθω τὸν τρόπον τοῦτον.
And concerning the hot and the cold and their excess let it be defined in this way.