§2.3.4ὥσπερ δὲ καὶ τὸ στόμα τῆς ἀκατεργάστου 4 τροφῆς πόρος ἐστί, καὶ τὸ συνεχὲς αὐτῷ μόριον ὃ καλοῦσιν οἰσοφάγον, ὅσα τῶν ζῴων ἔχει τοῦτο τὸ μόριον, ἕως εἰς τὴν κοιλίαν, οὕτω καὶ ἄλλας ἀρχὰς δεῖ πλείους εἶναι, διʼ ὧν ἅπαν λήψεται τὸ σῶμα τὴν τροφὴν, ὥσπερ ἐκ φάτνης, ἐκ τῆς κοιλίας καὶ τῆς τῶν ἐντέρων φύσεως.
Just as the mouth is the passage for unprocessed 4 food, and the part continuous with it which they call the esophagus (in as many of the animals as have this part) as far as the stomach, so also there must be other multiple principles, through which the whole body will receive food, as if from a manger, from the stomach and the nature of the intestines.
§2.3.5τὰ μὲν γὰρ φυτὰ 5λαμβάνει τὴν τροφὴν κατειργασμένην ἐκ τῆς γῆς ταῖς ῥίζαις (διὸ καὶ περίττωμα οὐ γένεται τοῖς φυτοῖς· τῇ γὰρ γῇ καὶ τῇ ἐν αὐτῇ θερμότητι χρῆται ὥσπερ κοιλίᾳ), τὰ δὲ ξῷα πάντα μὶν σχεδόν, τὰ δὲ πορευτικὰ φανερῶς, οἷον γῆν ἐν αὑτοῖς ἔχει τὸ τῆς κοιλίας κύτος, έξ ἧς, ὥσπερ ἐκεῖνα ταῖς ῥίζαις, ταῦτα δεῖ τινὶ τὴν τροφὴν λαμβάνειν, ἕως τὸ τῆς ἐχομένης πέψεως λάβῃ τέλος.
For plants 5 receive their food already processed from the earth by their roots (wherefore also no residue occurs in plants; for they use the earth and the heat in it as a stomach), but all animals almost, and those that walk visibly, have the cavity of the stomach as a sort of earth within themselves, from which, just as those plants do by their roots, these must receive food by some means, until the subsequent concoction has its end.
ἡ μὲν γὰρ τοῦ στόματος ἐργασία παραδίδωσι τῇ κοιλίᾳ, παρὰ δὲ ταύτης ἕτερον ἀναγκαῖον καῖον λαμβάνειν, ὅπερ συμβέβηκεν· αἱ γὰρ φλέβες κατατείνονται διὰ τού μεσεντερίου παράπαν, κάτωθεν ἀρξάμεναι μέχρι τῆς κοιλίας.
For the working of the mouth delivers food to the stomach, but from this it is necessary for another thing to receive it, which indeed has happened; for the blood vessels extend completely through the mesentery, beginning from below up to the stomach.
δεῖ δὲ ταῦτα θεωρεῖν ἔκ τε τῶν ἀνατομῶν καὶ τῆς φυσικῆς ἱστορίας.
And we must observe these things both from dissection and from natural history.
§2.3.66 ἐπεὶ δὲ πάσης τροφῆς ἐστί τι δεκτικὸν καὶ τῶν γινομένων περιττωμάτων, αἱ δὲ φλέβες οἷον ἀγγεῖον αἵματός εἰσι, φανερὸν ὅτι τὸ αἷμα ἡ τελευταία τροφὴ τοῖς ζῴοις τοῖς ἐναίμοις ἐστί, τοῖς δʼ ἀυαίμοις τὸ ἀνάλογον.
6 And since there is a receptacle for all food and for the residues that occur, and blood vessels are as it were a vessel of blood, it is manifest that blood is the ultimate food for blooded animals, and for bloodless animals the analogue.
καὶ διὰ τοῦτο μὴ λαμβάνουσί τε τροφὴν ὑπολείπει τοῦτο καὶ λαμεβάνουσιν αὐξάνεται, καὶ χρηστῆς μὲν οὔσης ὑγιεινόν, φαύλης δὲ φαῦλον.
And on this account when they do not receive food this fails, and when they receive it, it increases, and when the food is good, it is healthy, and when bad, bad.
ὅτι μὲν οὖν τὸ αἷμα τροφῆς ἕνεκεν ὑπάρχει τοῖς ἐναίμοις, φανερὸν ἐκ τούτων καὶ τῶν τοιούτων.
That blood, then, exists for the sake of food in blooded animals is manifest from these and such things.
καὶ γὰρ διὰ τοῦτο θιγγανόμενον αἴσθησιν οὐ ποιεῖ, ὥσπερ οὐδʼ ἄλλο τῶν περιττωμάτων οὐδέυ.
For also on this account when touched it produces no sensation, just as none other of the residues does.
§2.3.77 οὐδʼ ἡ τροφὴ καθάπερ σάρξ· αὕτη γὰρ θιγγανομένη ποιεῖ αἴσθησιν.
7 Nor is the food like flesh; for this when touched produces sensation.
οὐ γὰρ συνεχές ἐστι τὸ αἷμα ταύτῃ οὐδὲ συμπεφυκὸς, ἀλλʼ οἷον ἐν ἀγγείῳ τυγχάνει κείμενον ἔν τε τῇ καρδία καὶ ταῖς φλεψίν.
For blood is not continuous with flesh nor grown together with it, but happens to lie as if in a vessel in the heart and in the blood vessels.
ὃν δὲ τρόπον λαμβάνει ἐξ αὐτοῦ τὰ μόρια τὴν αὔξησιν, ἔτι δὲ περὶ τροφῆς ὅλως, ἐν τοῖς περὶ γενέσεως καὶ ἐν ἑτέροις οἰκειότερόν ἐστι διελθεῖν.
But in what manner the parts receive growth from it, and further concerning food in general, it is more appropriate to discuss in the books on generation and in others.
νῦν δʼ ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον εἰρήσθω (τοσοῦτον γὰρ χρήσιμον), ὅτι τὸ αἷμα τροφῆς ἕνεκα καὶ τροφῆς τῶν μορίων ἐστίν.
But for now let so much be said (for so much is useful), that blood is for the sake of food and food for the parts.