§2.1.5ὡς μὲν οὖν ἕνεκά τινος διὰ ταύτην τὴν αἰτίαν 5 ἔχει περὶ τούτων τὸν εἰρημένον τρόπον·
Thus indeed, on the one hand, that it is for the sake of something, through this cause, it has this character in the said manner concerning them.
ἐπεὶ δὲ ζητεῖται καὶ πῶς ἀναγκαῖον ἔχειν οὕτω, φανερὸν ὅτι προϋπῆρχεν οὕτω πρὸς ἄλληλα ἔχοντα ἐξ ἀνάγκης.
But since it is also investigated how it is necessary for them to have it so, it is manifest that they pre-existed, having of necessity such a relation to one another.
τὰ μὲν γὰρ ἀνομοιομερῆ ἐκ τῶν ὁμοιομερῶν ἐνδέχεται συνεστάναι, καὶ ἐκ πλειόνων καὶ ἑνὸς, οἷον ἔνια τῶν σπλάγχνων· πολύμορφα γὰρ τοῖς σχήμασιν, ἐξ ὁμοιομεροῦς ὄντα σώματος ὡς εἰπεῖν ἀπλῶς.
For the anhomoeomerous parts can be constituted out of the homoeomerous parts, both out of several and out of one, such as some of the viscera; for they are multiform in their shapes, while being made, so to speak, simply of homoeomerous body.
§2.1.6τὰ δʼ ὁμοιομερῆ ἐκ τούτων ἀδύνατον· τὸ γὰρ ὁμοιομερὲς 6 πόλλʼ ἂν εἴη ἀνομοιομερῆ.
But it is impossible for the homoeomerous parts to be from these; for the homoeomerous part would consist of many anhomoeomerous parts.
διὰ μὲν οὖν ταύτας τὰς αἰτίας τὰ μὲν ἁπλᾶ καὶ ὁμοιομερῆ, τὰ δὲ σύνθετα καὶ ἀνομοιομερῆ τῶν μορίων ἐν τοῖς ζῴοις ἐστίν.
Therefore, through these causes, some of the parts in animals are simple and homoeomerous, and others are composite and anhomoeomerous.
ὄντων δὲ τῶν μὲν ὀργανικῶν μερῶν τῶν δʼ αἰσθητηρίων ἐν τοῖς ζῴοις, τῶν μὲν ὀργανικῶν ἕκαστον ἀνομοιομερές ἐστιν, ὥσπερ εἶπον πρότερον, ἡ δʼ αἴσθησις συνεγγίνεται πᾶσιν ἐν τοῖς ὁμοιομερέσι, διὰ τὸ τῶν αἰσθήσεων ὁποιανοῦν ἑνός τινος εἶναι γένους, καὶ τὸ αἰσθητήριον ἑκάστου δεκτικὸν εἶναι τῶν αἰσθητῶν.
And since some parts in animals are organic, and others are sensory organs, each of the organic parts is anhomoeomerous, just as I said before, but sensation occurs for all in the homoeomerous parts, because any of the sensations belongs to some one genus, and the sensory organ of each is receptive of the perceptible objects.
πάσχει δὲ τὸ δυνάμει ὂν ὑπὸ τοῦ ἐνεργείᾳ ὄντος, ὥστʼ ἔστι τὸ αὐτὸ τῷ γένει καὶ ἐκεῖνο ἓν καὶ τοῦτο ἕν, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο χεῖρα μὲν ἢ πρόσωπον ἢ τῶν τοιούτων τι μορίων οὐδεὶς ἐγχειρεῖ λέγειν τῶν φυσιολόγων τὸ μὲν εἶναι γῆν, τὸ δʼ ὕδωρ, τὸ δὲ πῦρ· τῶν δʼ αἰσθητηρίων ἕκαστον πρὸς ἕκαστον ἐπιζευγνύουσι τῶν στοιχείων, τὸ μὲν ἀέρα φάσκοντες εἶναι, τὸ δὲ πῦρ.
And what is potentially is acted upon by what is actually, so that it is the same in genus, and that is one, and this is one, and through this no one of the natural philosophers attempts to say that of parts such as a hand or face or any such, one is earth, another water, and another fire; but they couple each of the sensory organs to each of the elements, claiming one to be air and another fire.
§2.1.7οὔσης δὲ τῆς αἰσθήσεως 7 ἐν τοῖς ἁπλοῖς μέρεσιν εὐλόγως μάλιστα συμβαίνει τὴν ἁρὴν ἐν ὁμοιομερεῖ μὲν ἥκιστα δʼ ἀπλῷ τῶν αἰσθητηρίων ἐγγίνεσθαι· μάλιστα γὰρ αὕτη δοκεῖ πλειόνων εἶναι γενῶν, καὶ πολλὰς ἔχειν ἐναντιώσεις τὸ ὑπὸ ταύτην αἰσθητόν, θερμὸν ψυχρὸν, ξηρὸν ὑγρὸν καὶ εἴ τι ἄλλο τοιοῦτον· καὶ τὸ τούτων αἰσθητήριον, ἡ σάρξ, καὶ τὸ ταύτῃ ἀνάλογον σωματωδέστατόν ἐστι τῶν αἰσθητηρίων.
Since sensation is in the simple parts, it is very reasonable that touch occurs in a part that is homoeomerous indeed, but least simple of the sensory organs; for this especially seems to belong to more genera, and the perceptible object under this has many contrarieties, hot and cold, dry and moist, and any other such; and the sensory organ of these, namely flesh and what is analogous to it, is the most bodily of the sensory organs.
ἐπεὶ δʼ ἀδύνατον εἶναι ζῷον ἄνευ αἰσθήσεως, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἂν εἴη ἀναγκαῖον ἔχειν τοῖς ζῴοις ἔνια μόρια ὁμοιομερῆ· ἡ μὲν γὰρ αἴσθησις ἐν τούτοις, αἱ δὲ πράξεις διὰ τῶν ἀνομοιομερῶν ὑπάρχουσιν αὐτοῖς.
And since it is impossible for an animal to exist without sensation, also through this it would be necessary for animals to have some homoeomerous parts; for sensation is in these, but actions belong to them through the anhomoeomerous parts.
§2.1.88 τῆς δʼ αἰσθητικῆς δυνάμεως καὶ τῆς κινούσης τὸ ζῷον καὶ τῆς θρεπτικῆς ἐν ταὐτῷ μορίῳ τού σύματος οὔσης, καθάπερ ἐν ἑτέροις εἴρηται πρότερον, ἀναγκαῖον τὸ ἔχον πρῶτον μόριον τὰς τοιαύτας ἀρχάς, ᾗ μέν ἐστι δεκτικὸν πάντων τῶν αἰσθητῶν, τῶν ἁπλῶν εἶναι μορίων, ᾗ δὲ κινητικὸν καὶ πρακτικὸν, τῶν ἀνομοιομερῶν.
Since the sensory power, the power that moves the animal, and the nutritive power are in the same part of the body, just as has been said before in other works, it is necessary that the part which first possesses such principles, insofar as it is receptive of all perceptible objects, consists of simple parts, but insofar as it is motive and active, consists of the anhomoeomerous parts.
διόπερ ἐν μὲν τοῖς ἀναίμοις ζῴοις τὸ ἀνάλογον, ἐν δὲ τοῖς ἐναίμοις ἡ καρδία τοιοῦτόν ἐστιν· διαιρεῖται μὲν γὰρ εἰς ὁμοιομερῆ καθάπερ τῶν ἄλλων σπλάγχνων ἕκαστον, διὰ δὲ τὴν τοῦ σχήματος μορφὴν ἀνομοιομερές ἐστιν.
Therefore in bloodless animals the analogous organ is such, and in blooded animals the heart is such; for it is divided into homoeomerous parts just like each of the other viscera, but through the form of its shape it is anhomoeomerous.
ταύτῃ δʼ ἠκολούθηκε καὶ τῶν ἄλλων τῶν καλουμένων σπλάγχνων ἕκαστον. ἐκ τῆς αὐτῆς γὰρ ὕλης συνεστᾶσιν· αἱματικὴ γὰρ ἡ φύσις πάντων αὐτῶν διὰ τὸ τὴν θέσιν ἔχειν ἐπὶ πόροις φλεβικοῖς καὶ διαλήψεσιν.
And each of the other so-called viscera has followed this; for they are constituted out of the same matter; for the nature of all of them is blood-like because they have their position at the passages of veins and branching-points.
§2.1.99 καθάπερ οὖν ῥέοντος ὕδατος ἰλύς, τἆλλα σπλάγχνα τῆς διὰ τῶν φλεβῶν ῥύσεως τοῦ αἵματος οἷον προχεύματα ἐστιν· ἡ δὲ καρδία, διὰ τὸ τῶν φλεβῶν ἀρχὴ εἶναι καὶ ἔχειν ἐν αὑτῇ τὴν δύναμιν τὴν δημιουργοῦσαν τὸ αἷμα πρώτην, εὔλογον, ἐξ οἵας δέχεται τροφῆς, ἐκ τοιαύτης συνεστάναι καὶ αὐτήν.
Therefore, just as mud is of flowing water, the other viscera are as it were outpourings of the flow of blood through the veins; but the heart, because it is the beginning of the veins and has in itself the power that first fashions the blood, is reasonable to be constituted itself also out of such nourishment as it receives.
διότι μὲν οὖν αἱματικὰ τὴν μορφὴν τὰ σπλάγχνα ἐστίν, εἴρηται, καὶ διότι τῇ μὲν ὁμιοιομερῆ τῇ δʼ ἀνομοιομερῆ.
Therefore, why the viscera are blood-like in their form has been said, and why they are in one respect homoeomerous and in another respect anhomoeomerous.