§2.3#13 περὶ δὲ τῆς ἁλμυρότητος αὐτῆς λεκτέον, καὶ πότερον αἰεί ἐστιν ἡ αὐτή, ἢ οὔτʼ ἦν οὔτʼ ἔσται ἀλλʼ ὑπολείψει· καὶ γὰρ οὕτως οἴονταί τινες.
3 Next, we must speak of its saltiness itself, and whether it is always the same, or whether it neither was nor will be but will fail; for indeed some think so.
τοῦτο μὲν οὖν ἐοίκασι πάντες ὁμολογεῖν, ὅτι γέγονεν, εἴπερ καὶ πᾶς ὁ κόσμος· ἅμα γὰρ αὐτῆς ποιοῦσι τὴν γένεσιν.
Now, all seem to agree on this, that it has come to be, if indeed the whole world has; for they make its generation at the same time as that of the world.
ὥστε δῆλον ὡς εἴπερ ἀίδιον τὸ πᾶν, καὶ περὶ τῆς θαλάττης οὕτως ὑποληπτέον.
So it is clear that if the universe is eternal, we must also assume this about the sea.
τὸ δὲ νομίζειν ἐλάττω τε γίγνεσθαι τὸ πλῆθος, ὥσπερ φησὶ Δημόκριτος, καὶ τέλος ὑπολείψειν, τῶν Αἰσώπου μύθων οὐδὲν διαφέρειν ἔοικεν ὁ πεπεισμένος οὕτως·
But to think that the quantity of water is becoming less, as Democritus says, and will finally fail, seems to differ in nothing from Aesop's fables for one who is so convinced.
καὶ γὰρ ἐκεῖνος ἐμυθολόγησεν ὡς δὶς μὲν ἡ Χάρυβδις ἀναρροφήσασα τὸ μὲν πρῶτον τὰ ὅρη ἐποίησεν φανερά, τὸ δὲ δεύτερον τὰς νήσους, τὸ δὲ τελευταῖον ῥοφήσασα ξηρὰν ποιήσει πάμπαν.
For he too told a fable that Charybdis, having swallowed twice, made first the mountains visible, second the islands, and on the last swallowing will make it entirely dry land.
ἐκείνῳ μὲν οὖν ἥρμοττεν ὀργιζομένῳ πρὸς τὸν πορθμέα τοιοῦτον εἰπεῖν μῦθον, τοῖς δὲ τὴν ἀλήθειαν ζητοῦσιν ἧττον·
To him, then, when angry with the ferryman, it was fitting to tell such a fable, but to those who seek the truth, less so.
διʼ ἣν γὰρ αἰτίαν ἔμεινε τὸ πρῶτον, εἴτε διὰ βάρος, ὥσπερ τινὲς καὶ τούτων φασίν (ἐν προχείρῳ γὰρ τούτου τὴν αἰτίαν ἰδεῖν), εἴτε καὶ διʼ ἄλλο τι, δῆλον ὅτι διὰ τοῦτο διαμένειν ἀναγκαῖον καὶ τὸν λοιπὸν χρόνον αὐτήν.
For by whatever cause it remained at first, whether because of weight, as some of these also say (for it is easy to see the cause of this), or because of something else, it is clear that because of this it must remain also for the rest of time.
ἢ γὰρ λεκτέον αὐτοῖς ὅτι οὐδὲ τὸ ἀναχθὲν ὕδωρ ὑπὸ τοῦ ἡλίου ἥξει πάλιν, ἢ εἴπερ τοῦτʼ ἔσται, ἀναγκαῖον ἤτοι ἀεὶ ἢ μέχρι οὗπερ ἄν ᾖ τοῦτο ὑπολείπεσθαι τὴν θάλατταν, καὶ πάλιν ἀναχθῆναι ἐκεῖνο πρότερον δεήσει τὸ πότιμον.
For they must say either that the water drawn up by the sun will not come back again, or if this is to be, it is necessary either always or as long as this exists that the sea remains, and that those sweet waters previously drawn up must descend first.
ὥστε οὐδέποτε ξηρανεῖται· πάλιν γὰρ ἐκεῖνο φθήσεται καταβὰν εἰς τὴν αὐτὴν τὸ προανελθὸν· διαφέφει γὰρ οὐδὲν ἅπαξ τοῦτʼ εἰπεῖν ἢ πολλάκις.
So it will never dry up; for that which previously rose will be the first to go down back into the same place; for it makes no difference to say this once or many times.
εἰ μὲν οὖν τὸν ἥλιον παύσει τις τῆς φορᾶς, τὶ ἔσται τὸ ξηραῖνον;
If indeed anyone should stop the sun in its course, what will be that which dries it up?
εἰ δʼ ἐάσει εἶναι τὴν περιφοράν, ἀεὶ πλησιάζων τὸ πότιμον, καθάπερ εἴπομεν, ἀνάξει, ἀφήσει δὲ πάλιν ἀναχωρῶν.
But if he allows the revolution to exist, it will always draw up the sweet water when approaching, as we said, and let it go back again when departing.
ἔλαβον δὲ ταύτην τὴν διάνοιαν κατὰ τῆς θαλάττης ἐκ τοῦ πολλοὺς τόπους φαίνεσθαι ξηροτέρους νῦν ἢ πρότερον· περὶ οὗ τὴν αἰτίαν εἴπομεν, ὅτι τῶν κατά τινα χρόνον ὑπερβολῶν γιγνομένων ὕδατος τοῦτʼ ἐστὶν τὸ πάθος, ἀλλʼ οὐ διὰ τὴν τοῦ παντὸς γένεσιν καὶ τῶν μορίων·
And they took this idea about the sea from many places appearing drier now than before; concerning the cause of which we have spoken, that this is an affection due to excesses of water occurring at certain times, but not because of the generation of the universe and its parts.
καὶ πάλιν γʼ ἔσται τοὐναντίον· καὶ ὅταν γένηται, ξηρανεῖται πάλιν· καὶ τοῦθʼ οὕτως κατὰ κύκλον ἀναγκαῖον ἀεὶ βαδίζειν· μᾶλλον γὰρ οὕτως εὔλογον ὑπολαβεῖν ἢ διὰ ταῦτα τὸν οὐρανὸν ὅλον μεταβάλλειν.
And indeed the contrary will happen again; and when it does, it will dry up again; and this must always go on in a cycle; for it is more reasonable to assume this than that the whole heaven changes because of these things.
ἀλλὰ περὶ μὲν τούτων πλείω τῆς ἀξίας ἐνδιατέτριφεν ὁ λόγος·
But concerning these matters, the discussion has lingered longer than they deserve.
περὶ δὲ τῆς ἁλμυρότητος, τοῖς μὲν ἅπαξ γεννήσασι καὶ ὅλως αὐτὴν γεννῶσιν ἀδύνατόν ἐστιν ἁλμμυρὰν ποιεῖν.
But concerning its saltiness, for those who generate it once and who generate it at all, it is impossible to make it salty.
εἰ γὰρ παντὸς τοῦ ὑγροῦ τοῦ περὶ τὴν γῆν ὄντος καὶ ἀναχθέντος ὑπὸ τοῦ ἡλίου τὸ ὑπολειφθὲν ἐγένετο θάλαττα, εἴτʼ ἐνυπῆρχε τοσοῦτος χυμὸς ἐν τῷ πολλῷ ὕδατι καὶ γλυκεῖ διὰ τὸ συμμμειχθῆναί τινα γῆν τοιαύτην, οὐδὲν ἧττον ἐλθόντος πάλιν τοῦ διατμίσαντος ὕδατος ἀνάγκη, ἴσου γʼ ὄντος τοῦ πλήθους, καὶ τὸ πρῶτον· ἢ εἰ μηδὲ τὸ πρῶτον, μηδʼ ὕστερον ἁλμυρὰν αὐτὴν εἶναι.
For if, of all the liquid being around the earth and drawn up by the sun, the remainder became the sea, or if such a taste existed from the beginning in that vast and sweet water because of some such earth being mixed in, nonetheless when the evaporated water returns again, since the quantity is equal, it must be as it was at first; or if not even at first, it cannot be salty later.
εἰ δὲ καὶ τὸ πρῶτον εὐθὺς ἦν, λεκτέον τίς ἡ αἰτία, καὶ ἅμα διὰ τὶ οὐκ εἰ καὶ τότε ἀνήχθη καὶ νῦν πάσχει ταὐτὸ.
If indeed it was immediately salty at first, we must state what the cause is, and at the same time why, if water was drawn up then, it does not now suffer the same.
ἀλλὰ μὴν καὶ ὅσοι τὴν γῆν αἰτιῶνται τῆς ἁλμυρότητος ἐμμειγνυμένην (ἔχειν γάρ φασι πολλοὺς χυμοὺς αὐτήν, ὥσθʼ ὑπὸ τῶν ποταμῶν συγκαταφερομένην διὰ τὴν μεῖξιν ποιεῖν ἁλμυράν), ἄτοπον τὸ μὴ καὶ τοὺς ποταμοὺς ἁλμυροὺς εἶναι· πῶς γὰρ δυνατὸν ἐν πολλῷ μὲν πλήθει ὕδατος ἐπίδηλον οὕτως ποιεῖν τὴν μεῖξιν τῆς τοιαύτης γῆς, ἐν ἑκάστῳ δὲ μή;
Moreover, also for those who blame the earth for the saltiness by its being mixed in (for they say it has many tastes, so that being carried down by the rivers it makes the sea salty because of the mixture), it is absurd that the rivers are not salty; for how is it possible in a great quantity of water to make the mixture of such earth so evident, but not in each of them?
δῆλον γὰρ ὅτι ἡ θάλαττά ἐστιν ἅπαν τὸ ποτάμιον ὕδωρ· οὐδενὶ γὰρ διέφερεν ἀλλʼ ἢ τῷ ἁλμυρὰ εἶναι τῶν ποταμῶν· τοῦτο δ᾿ ἐν ἐκείνοις ἔρχεται εἰς τὸν τόπον εἰς ὃν ἀθρόοι ῥέουσιν.
For it is clear that the sea is all the river water; for it differs in nothing from the rivers except in being salty; and this goes in them to the place into which they flow in a body.