§9.8Οἱ δὲ βαρεῖς τῶν ὀρνίθων οὐ ποιοῦνται νεοττιάς (οὐ συμφέρει γὰρ μὴ πτητικοῖς οὖσιν), οἷον ὄρτυγες καὶ πέρδικες καὶ τἆλλα τὰ τοιαῦτα τῶν ὀρνέων·
Heavy birds do not build nests (for it is not advantageous for those who are not gifted in flight to do so), such as quails and partridges and other such birds.
ἀλλ’ ὅταν ποιήσωνται ἐν τῷ λείῳ κονίστραν (ἐν ἄλλῳ γὰρ τόπῳ οὐθενὶ τίκτει), ἐπηλυγασάμενοι ἄκανθάν τινα καὶ ὕλην τῆς περὶ τοὺς ἱέρακας ἕνεκα καὶ τοὺς ἀετοὺς ἀλεώρας, ἐνταῦθα τίκτουσι καὶ ἐπῳάζουσιν.
But when they have made a dusting-place on flat ground (for they lay eggs in no other place), having covered it with some thorny plants and brushwood for protection against hawks and eagles, there they lay and hatch their eggs.
Ἔπειτα ἐκλέψαντες εὐθὺς ἐξάγουσι τοὺς νεοττοὺς διὰ τὸ μὴ δύνασθαι τῇ πτήσει πορίζειν αὐτοῖς τροφήν.
Afterwards, when they have hatched them, they immediately lead the young out, because they are unable to procure food for them by flight.
Ἀναπαύονται δ’ ὑφ’ ἑαυτοὺς ἀγόμενοι τοὺς νεοττοὺς καὶ οἱ ὄρτυγες καὶ οἱ πέρδικες, ὥσπερ αἱ ἀλεκτορίδες.
Both quails and partridges rest, drawing their young under themselves, just like domestic hens.
Καὶ οὐκ ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ τίκτουσι καὶ ἐπῳάζουσιν, ἵνα μή τις κατανοήσῃ τὸν τόπον πλείω χρόνον προσεδρευόντων.
And they do not lay and hatch in the same place, so that no one may notice the spot when they remain there for a longer time.
Ὅταν δέ τις θηρεύῃ περιπεσὼν τῇ νεοττιᾷ, προκυλινδεῖται ἡ πέρδιξ τοῦ θηρεύοντος ὡς ἐπίληπτος οὖσα, καὶ ἐπισπᾶται ὡς ληψόμενον ἐφ’ ἑαυτήν, ἕως ἂν διαδράσῃ τῶν νεοττῶν ἕκαστος· μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἀναπτᾶσα αὐτὴ ἀνακαλεῖται πάλιν.
And when anyone falls in with their nest while hunting, the partridge rolls about in front of the hunter as if she were easy to catch, and draws him towards herself as if he were going to take her, until each of the young has escaped; after this, she flies up herself and calls them back again.
Τίκτει μὲν οὖν ᾠὰ ἡ πέρδιξ οὐκ ἐλάττω ἢ δέκα, πολλάκις δ’ ἑκκαίδεκα· ὥσπερ δ’ εἴρηται, κακόηθες τὸ ὄρνεόν ἐστι καὶ πανοῦργον.
Now, the partridge lays not fewer than ten eggs, and often sixteen; and as has been said, the bird is ill-natured and crafty.
Τοῦ δ’ ἔαρος ἐκ τῆς ἀγέλης ἐκκρίνονται δι’ ᾠδῆς καὶ μάχης κατὰ ζεύγη μετὰ θηλείας, ἣν ἂν λάβῃ ἕκαστος.
In spring, they separate from the flock by singing and fighting, in pairs with the female that each has taken.
Διὰ δὲ τὸ εἶναι ἀφροδισιαστικοί, ὅπως μὴ ἐπῳάζῃ ἡ θήλεια, οἱ ἄρρενες τὰ ᾠὰ διακυλινδοῦσι καὶ συντρίβουσιν, ἐὰν εὕρωσιν· ἡ δὲ θήλεια ἀντιμηχανωμένη ἀποδιδράσκουσα τίκτει, καὶ πολλάκις διὰ τὸ ὀργᾶν τεκεῖν, ὅπου ἂν τύχῃ, ἐκβάλλει, ἂν μὴ παρῇ ὁ ἄρρην· καὶ ὅπως σώζηται ἀθρόα, οὐκ ἔρχεται πρὸς αὐτά.
And because they are very passionate, lest the female should incubate, the males roll the eggs about and break them if they find them; but the female, counter-scheming, runs away and lays, and often, because of her eager desire to give birth, she drops them wherever she happens to be if the male is not present; and in order that they may be preserved all together, she does not go near them.
Καὶ ἐὰν ὑπ’ ἀνθρώπου ὀφθῇ, ὥσπερ περὶ τοὺς νεοττούς, οὕτω καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν ᾠῶν ὑπάγει, πρὸ ποδῶν φαινομένη τοῦ ἀνθρώπου, ἕως ἂν ἀπαγάγῃ.
And if she is seen by a human, just as with the young, she leads him away from the eggs also, appearing before the human's feet until she has led him far off.
Ὅταν δ’ ἀποδρᾶσα ἐπῳάζῃ, οἱ ἄρρενες κεκράγασι καὶ μάχονται συνιόντες· καλοῦσι δὲ τούτους χήρους.
But when she has escaped and is incubating, the males cry out and fight together; and they call these males widowers.
Ὁ δ’ ἡττηθεὶς μαχόμενος ἀκολουθεῖ τῷ νικήσαντι, ὑπὸ τούτου ὀχευόμενος μόνου.
The one who is defeated in the fight follows the victor, being mounted by him alone.
Ἐὰν δὲ κρατηθῇ τις ὑπὸ τοῦ δευτέρου ἢ ὁποιουοῦν, οὗτος λάθρᾳ ὀχεύεται ὑπὸ τοῦ κρατιστεύοντος.
If any one of them is dominated by the second or anyone else, he is mounted secretly by the leader.
Γίνεται δὲ τοῦτο οὐκ ἀεί, ἀλλὰ καθ’ ὥραν τινὰ τοῦ ἔτους· καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ὀρτύγων ὡσαύτως.
This does not happen always, but at a certain season of the year; and it is the same with quails.
Ἐνίοτε δὲ συμβαίνει τοῦτο καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἀλεκτρυόνων· ἐν μὲν γὰρ τοῖς ἱεροῖς, ὅπου ἄνευ θηλειῶν ἀνάκεινται, τὸν ἀνατιθέμενον πάντες εὐλόγως ὀχεύουσιν.
Sometimes this happens also with domestic cocks; for in temples, where they are dedicated without hens, all of them naturally mount the newly dedicated one.
Καὶ τῶν περδίκων δ’ οἱ τιθασσοὶ τοὺς ἀγρίους πέρδικας ὀχεύουσι καὶ ἐπικορίζουσι καὶ ὑβρίζουσιν.
And among the partridges, the tame ones mount the wild partridges, caress them, and treat them with insolence.
Ἐπὶ δὲ τὸν θηρευτὴν πέρδικα ὠθεῖται τῶν ἀγρίων ὁ ἡγεμὼν ἀντᾴσας ὡς μαχούμενος.
The leader of the wild ones rushes at the decoy partridge, singing in response as if to fight.
Τούτου δ’ ἁλόντος ἐν ταῖς πηκταῖς πάλιν προσέρχεται ἄλλος, ἀντᾴσας τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον. Ἐὰν μὲν οὖν ἄρρην ᾖ ὁ θηρεύων, τοῦτο ποιοῦσιν·
When this leader is caught in the traps, another one comes in turn, singing in response in the same manner.
ἐὰν δὲ θήλεια ἡ θηρεύουσα ᾖ καὶ ᾄδουσα, ἀντᾴσῃ δ’ ὁ ἡγεμὼν αὐτῇ, οἱ ἄλλοι ἀθροισθέντες τύπτουσι τοῦτον καὶ ἀποδιώκουσιν ἀπὸ τῆς θηλείας, ὅτι ἐκείνῃ ἀλλ’ οὐκ αὐτοῖς προσέρχεται.
If, then, the decoy is a male, they do this; but if the decoy is a female and is singing, and the leader sings in response to her, the others gather together and beat him and drive him away from the female, because he comes to her and not to them.
Ὁ δὲ πολλάκις διὰ ταῦτα σιωπῇ προσέρχεται, ὅπως μὴ ἄλλος τῆς φωνῆς ἀκούσας ἔλθῃ μαχούμενος αὐτῷ.
For this reason, he often approaches in silence, so that another may not hear his voice and come to fight with him.
Ἐνίοτε δέ φασιν οἱ ἔμπειροι τὸν ἄρρενα προσιόντα τὴν θήλειαν κατασιγάζειν, ὅπως μὴ ἀκουσάντων τῶν ἀρρένων ἀναγκασθῇ διαμάχεσθαι πρὸς αὐτούς.
And sometimes, those experienced say that the male on approaching silences the female, so that the other males may not hear and force him to fight to the end against them.
Οὐ μόνον δ’ ᾄδει ὁ πέρδιξ, ἀλλὰ καὶ τριγμὸν ἀφίησι καὶ ἄλλας φωνάς.
The partridge not only sings, but also utters a grating noise and other sounds.
Πολλάκις δὲ καὶ ἡ θήλεια ἐπῳάζουσα ἀνίσταται, ὅταν τῇ θηρευούσῃ θηλείᾳ αἴσθηται προσέχοντα τὸν ἄρρενα, καὶ ἀντᾴσασα ὑπομένει, ἵν’ ὀχευθῇ καὶ ἀποσπάσῃ ἀπὸ τῆς θηρευούσης.
And often the female too, while incubating, rises when she perceives the male paying attention to the decoy female, and singing in response, she submits to be mounted in order to draw him away from the decoy.
Οὕτω δὲ σφόδρα καὶ οἱ πέρδικες καὶ οἱ ὄρτυγες ἐπτόηνται περὶ τὴν ὀχείαν, ὥστ’ εἰς τοὺς θηρεύοντας ἐμπίπτουσι καὶ πολλάκις καθιζάνουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς κεφαλάς.
So intensely excited are both partridges and quails about mating that they run into the hunters, and often light upon their heads.
Περὶ μὲν οὖν τὴν ὀχείαν καὶ θήραν τῶν περδίκων τοιαῦτα συμβαίνει, καὶ περὶ τὴν ἄλλην τοῦ ἤθους πανουργίαν.
Such, then, are the things that occur regarding the mating and hunting of partridges, and regarding the rest of the craftiness of their character.
Νεοττεύουσι δ’ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ὥσπερ εἴρηται, οἵ τε ὄρτυγες καὶ οἱ πέρδικες καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἔνιοι τῶν πτητικῶν.
And they nest on the ground, as has been said, both quails and partridges and some of the other flight-capable birds.
Ἔτι δὲ τῶν τοιούτων ὁ μὲν κόρυδος καὶ ὁ σκολόπαξ καὶ ὄρτυξ ἐπὶ δένδρου οὐ καθίζουσιν, ἀλλ’ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς,
Furthermore, of such birds, the lark, the woodcock, and the quail do not perch on trees, but on the ground,