§9.40#3Ὅταν δ’ ἀθροισθῶσιν, ἀποπέτονται καὶ χωρίζονται καθ’ ἕκαστον τῶν βασιλέων αἱ ἄλλαι·
When they have gathered, they fly away and the others separate according to each of the kings.
ἐὰν δὲ τύχωσιν ὀλίγαι πολλαῖς ἐγγὺς καθεζόμεναι, μετανίστανται αἱ ὀλίγαι πρὸς τὰς πολλάς, καὶ τὸν βασιλέα ὃν ἀπέλιπον, ἐὰν συνακολουθήσῃ, διαφθείρουσιν.
If a few happen to be settled near many, the few migrate to the many, and the king whom they left behind, if he follows them, they destroy.
Τὰ μὲν οὖν περὶ τὴν ἀπόλειψιν καὶ ἄφεσιν τοῦτον συμβαίνει γίνεσθαι τὸν τρόπον.
Thus, then, the matters concerning the abandonment of the hive and the swarming happen to occur in this manner.
Εἰσὶ δ’ αὐταῖς τεταγμέναι ἐφ’ ἕκαστον τῶν ἔργων, οἷον αἱ μὲν ἀνθοφοροῦσιν, αἱ δ’ ὑδροφοροῦσιν, αἱ δὲ λεαίνουσι καὶ κατορθοῦσι τὰ κηρία.
They have assigned duties for each of the works; for instance, some carry flowers, others carry water, and others smooth and construct the combs.
Φέρει δ’ ὕδωρ, ὅταν τεκνοτροφῇ.
And they carry water when they are rearing offspring.
Πρὸς σάρκα δ’ οὐθενὸς καθίζει, οὐδ’ ὀψοφαγεῖ.
They do not settle on the flesh of any creature, nor do they feed on meat.
Χρόνος δ’ αὐταῖς οὐκ ἔστιν εἰθισμένος ἀφ’ ὅτου ἄρχονται ἐργάζεσθαι· ἀλλ’ ἐὰν τἀπιτήδεια ἔχωσι καὶ εὖ διάγωσι, μᾶλλον ἐν ὥρᾳ τοῦ ἔτους ἐγχειροῦσι τῇ ἐργασίᾳ, καὶ ὅταν εὐδία ᾖ, συνεχῶς ἐργάζονται.
There is no customary time for them from which they begin to work; but if they have necessities and are in good condition, they rather set to work in the proper season of the year, and when the weather is fair, they work continuously.
Καὶ εὐθὺς δὲ νέα οὖσα, ὅταν ἐκδύῃ, ἐργάζεται τριταία, ἐὰν ἔχῃ τροφήν.
And straightway when young, when it emerges, it works on the third day, if it has food.
Καὶ ὅταν ἐσμὸς προκάθηται, ἀποτρέπονται ἔνιαι ἐπὶ τροφήν, εἶτ’ ἐπανέρχονται πάλιν.
And when a swarm is settled outside, some turn away for food and then return again.
Ἐν δὲ τοῖς εὐθηνοῦσι τῶν σμηνῶν ἐκλείπει ὁ γόνος τῶν μελιττῶν περὶ τετταράκονθ’ ἡμέρας μόνον τὰς μετὰ χειμερινὰς τροπάς.
In the flourishing hives, the offspring of the bees ceases only for about forty days after the winter solstice.
Ἐπειδὰν δ’ ηὐξημένοι ὦσιν οἱ νεοττοί, τροφὴν αὐτοῖς παραθεῖσαι καταχρίουσιν· ὅταν δ’ ᾖ δυνατός, αὐτὸς διελὼν τὸ κάλυμμα ἐξέρχεται.
And when the grubs have grown, they place food beside them and smear them over; and when the grub is strong enough, it breaks through the covering by itself and comes out.
Τὰ δὲ γινόμενα θηρία ἐν τοῖς σμήνεσι καὶ λυμαινόμενα τὰ κηρία αἱ μὲν χρησταὶ μέλιτται ἐκκαθαίρουσιν, αἱ δ’ ἕτεραι διὰ κακίαν περιορῶσιν ἀπολλύμενα τὰ ἔργα.
The pests that are produced in the hives and damage the combs are cleared out by the good bees, but the others, through their badness, look on while their works perish.
Ὅταν δὲ τὰ κηρία ἐξαιρῶσιν οἱ μελιττουργοί, ἀπολείπουσιν αὐταῖς τροφὴν διὰ χειμῶνος, ἣ ἐὰν μὲν διαρκὴς ᾖ, σώζεται τὸ σμῆνος, εἰ δὲ μή, ἐὰν μὲν χειμὼν ᾖ, αὐτοῦ θνήσκουσιν, εὐδιῶν δ’ οὐσῶν ἐκλείπουσι τὸ σμῆνος.
When the bee-keepers remove the combs, they leave food for them for the winter; if this is sufficient, the hive is saved, but if not, if it is winter, they die on the spot, but if there is fair weather, they abandon the hive.
Τροφῇ δὲ χρῶνται μέλιτι καὶ θέρους καὶ χειμῶνος· τίθενται δὲ καὶ ἄλλην τροφὴν ἐμφερῆ τῷ κηρῷ τὴν σκληρότητα, ἣν ὀνομάζουσί τινες σανδαράκην.
They use honey as food both in summer and winter; they also store up another food, similar to wax in hardness, which some call sandarake.
Ἀδικοῦσι δ’ αὐτὰς μάλιστα οἵ τε σφῆκες καὶ οἱ αἰγίθαλοι καλούμενοι τὰ ὄρνεα, ἔτι δὲ χελιδὼν καὶ μέροψ.
Those that harm them most of all are wasps, and the birds called titmice, and furthermore the swallow and the bee-eater.
Θηρεύουσι δὲ καὶ οἱ τελματιαῖοι βάτραχοι πρὸς τὸ ὕδωρ αὐτὰς ἀπαντώσας· διόπερ καὶ τούτους οἱ μελισσεῖς ἐκ τῶν τελμάτων, ἀφ’ ὧν ὑδρεύονται αἱ μέλιτται, θηρεύουσι, καὶ τὰς σφηκίας καὶ τὰς χελιδόνας τὰς πλησίον τῶν σμηνῶν ἐξαιροῦσι, καὶ τὰς τῶν μερόπων νεοττιάς.
The marsh frogs also hunt them when they come to the water; wherefore the bee-keepers also hunt these frogs out of the marshes from which the bees fetch water, and they destroy the wasps' nests and the swallows that are near the hives, and the nests of the bee-eaters.
Οὐδὲν δὲ φεύγουσι τῶν ζῴων ἀλλ’ ἢ ἑαυτάς.
They flee from no animal except themselves.
Ἡ δὲ μάχη αὐτῶν ἐστὶ καὶ πρὸς αὑτὰς καὶ πρὸς τοὺς σφῆκας· καὶ ἔξω μὲν οὔτε ἀλλήλας ἀδικοῦσιν οὔτε τῶν ἄλλων οὐθέν, τὰ δὲ πρὸς τῷ σμήνει ἀποκτείνουσιν, ὧν ἂν κρατήσωσιν.
Their fight is both against themselves and against wasps; and outside they neither harm each other nor any of the others, but those near the hive they kill, whichever they prevail over.
Αἱ δὲ τύπτουσαι ἀπόλλυνται διὰ τὸ μὴ δύνασθαι τὸ κέντρον ἄνευ τοῦ ἐντέρου ἐξαιρεῖσθαι· πολλάκις γὰρ σώζεται, ἐὰν ὁ πληγεὶς ἐπιμελῆται καὶ τὸ κέντρον ἐκθλίψῃ· τὸ δὲ κέντρον ἀποβαλοῦσα ἡ μέλιττα ἀποθνήσκει.
Those that sting perish because they cannot extract the sting without the gut; for often the bee is saved, if the person stung takes care and presses out the sting; but having lost the sting, the bee dies.
Κτείνουσι δὲ βάλλουσαι τὰ μεγάλα τῶν ζῴων, καὶ ἵππος ἤδη ἀπέθανεν ὑπὸ μελιττῶν.
By stinging they also kill large animals, and a horse has before now died because of bees.
Ἥκιστα δὲ χαλεπαίνουσιν οἱ ἡγεμόνες καὶ τύπτουσιν.
The leaders are least of all angry and sting.
Τὰς δ’ ἀποθνησκούσας τῶν μελιττῶν ἐκκομίζουσιν ἔξω.
They carry out the bees that die.
Καὶ τἆλλα δὲ καθαριώτατόν ἐστι τὸ ζῷον· διὸ καὶ τὸ περίττωμα πολλάκις ἀφιᾶσιν ἀποπετόμεναι, διὰ τὸ δυσῶδες εἶναι.
And in other respects, this animal is extremely clean; wherefore they also often discharge their excrement while flying away, because of its offensive smell.
Δυσχεραίνουσι δ’, ὥσπερ εἴρηται, ταῖς δυσώδεσιν ὀσμαῖς καὶ ταῖς τῶν μύρων· διὸ καὶ τοὺς χρωμένους αὐτοῖς τύπτουσιν.
And they dislike, as has been said, bad smells and the scents of perfumes; wherefore they also sting those who use them.
Ἀπόλλυνται δὲ διά τε ἄλλα συμπτώματα, καὶ ὅταν οἱ ἡγεμόνες πολλοὶ γενόμενοι ἕκαστος αὐτῶν μέρος ἀπαγάγῃ.
They perish both through other accidents, and when the leaders, having become many, each lead away a portion of the hive.
Ἀπόλλυσι δὲ καὶ ὁ φρῦνος τὰς μελίττας· ἐπὶ τὰς εἰσόδους γὰρ ἐλθὼν φυσᾷ τε καὶ ἐπιτηρῶν ἐκπετομένας κατεσθίει· ὑπὸ μὲν οὖν τῶν μελιττῶν οὐθὲν κακὸν δύναται πάσχειν, ὁ δ’ ἐπιμελόμενος τῶν σμηνῶν κτείνει αὐτόν.
The toad also destroys the bees; for coming to the entrances, he blows and, watching for them as they fly out, devours them; now, he can suffer no harm from the bees, but the one who cares for the hives kills him.
Τὸ δὲ γένος τὸ τῶν μελιττῶν ὃ εἴρηται ὅτι πονηρόν τε καὶ τραχέα τὰ κηρία ἐργάζεται, εἰσί τινες τῶν μελιττουργῶν οἵ φασι τὰς νέας μάλιστα τοῦτο ποιεῖν δι’ ἀνεπιστημοσύνην· νέαι δ’ εἰσὶν αἱ ἐπέτειοι.
As for the class of bees which was said to be bad and to work rough combs, there are some bee-keepers who say that the young ones do this especially through lack of skill; and the young ones are those of the same year.
Οὐχ ὁμοίως δ’ οὐδὲ κεντοῦσιν αἱ νέαι· διὸ οἱ ἐσμοὶ φέρονται· εἰσὶ γὰρ νέων μελιττῶν.
And the young ones do not sting in the same manner either; wherefore the swarms are carried; for they consist of young bees.
Ὅταν δ’ ὑπολίπῃ τὸ μέλι, τοὺς κηφῆνας ἐκβάλλουσι, καὶ παραβάλλουσι σῦκα καὶ τὰ γλυκέα αὐταῖς.
And when the honey runs short, they cast out the drones, and people throw down figs and sweet things for them.
Τῶν δὲ μελιττῶν αἱ μὲν πρεσβύτεραι τὰ εἴσω ἐργάζονται, καὶ δασεῖαί εἰσι διὰ τὸ εἴσω μένειν, αἱ δὲ νέαι ἔξωθεν φέρουσι καὶ εἰσὶ λειότεραι.
Of the bees, the older ones work inside, and are hairy because they remain inside, while the young ones carry from outside and are smoother.
Καὶ τοὺς κηφῆνας δὲ ἀποκτείνουσιν, ὅταν μηκέτι χωρῇ αὐταῖς ἐργαζομέναις· εἰσὶ δ’ ἐν μυχῷ τοῦ σμήνους.
And they also kill the drones when there is no longer room for them as they work; and they are in the innermost part of the hive.
Ἤδη δὲ νοσήσαντός τινος σμήνους ἦλθόν τινες ἐπ’ ἀλλότριον, καὶ μαχόμεναι νικῶσαι ἐξέφερον τὸ μέλι· ἐπεὶ δ’ ἀπέκτεινεν ὁ μελιττουργός, οὕτως ἐπεξῄεσαν αἱ ἕτεραι καὶ ἠμύνοντο, καὶ τὸν ἄνθρωπον οὐκ ἔτυπτον.
And once, when a certain hive was diseased, some bees came to another's hive, and fighting and conquering they carried away the honey; but when the bee-keeper killed them, the others came out in this manner and defended themselves, and did not sting the man.