§9.40#2Τὸ δὲ λαμβανόμενον οὐ ῥᾴδιόν ἐστιν ἰδεῖν· οὐδὲ τὴν ἐργασίαν ὅντινα τρόπον ποιοῦνται, οὐκ ὦπται·
What is gathered is not easy to see; nor has it been observed in what manner they perform their work.
τοῦ δὲ κηροῦ ἡ ἀνάληψις τεθεώρηται ἐπὶ τῶν ἐλαιῶν, διὰ πυκνότητα τῶν φύλλων ἐν ταὐτῷ διαμενουσῶν πλείω χρόνον.
But the gathering of the wax has been observed on olive trees, as they remain in the same place for a longer time owing to the density of the leaves.
Μετὰ δὲ τοῦτο νεοττεύουσιν.
After this they build nests.
Οὐθὲν δὲ κωλύει ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ κηρίῳ εἶναι νεοττοὺς καὶ μέλι καὶ κηφῆνας.
There is nothing to prevent grubs, honey, and drones from being in the same comb.
Ἐὰν μὲν οὖν ὁ ἡγεμὼν ζῇ, χωρίς φασι τοὺς κηφῆνας γίγνεσθαι, εἰ δὲ μή, ἐν τοῖς τῶν μελιττῶν κυττάροις γεννᾶσθαι ὑπὸ τῶν μελιττῶν, καὶ γίγνεσθαι τούτους θυμικωτέρους· διὸ καὶ καλεῖσθαι κεντρωτούς, οὐκ ἔχοντας κέντρον, ἀλλ’ ὅτι βούλονται μὲν οὐ δύνανται δὲ βάλλειν.
Now, they say that if the leader is alive, the drones are produced separately; but if not, they are generated by the bees in the cells of the bees, and these become more spirited; wherefore they are also called pointed, though they do not have a sting, but because they wish to strike but are unable.
Εἰσὶ δὲ μείζους οἱ τῶν κηφήνων κύτταροι.
The cells of the drones are larger.
Ἀναπλάττουσι δὲ ὁτἔ μὲν καὶ αὐτὰ καθ’ αὑτὰ τὰ κηρία τὰ τῶν κηφήνων, ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πολὺ δ’ ἐν τοῖς τῶν μελιττῶν· διὸ καὶ ἀποτέμνουσιν.
Sometimes they also fashion the combs of the drones by themselves, but for the most part they make them in those of the bees; wherefore they also cut them away.
Εἰσὶ δὲ γένη τῶν μελιττῶν πλείω, καθάπερ εἴρηται πρότερον, δύο μὲν ἡγεμόνων, ὁ μὲν βελτίων πυρρός, ὁ δ’ ἕτερος μέλας καὶ ποικιλώτερος, τὸ δὲ μέγεθος διπλάσιος τῆς χρηστῆς μελίττης· ἡ δ’ ἀρίστη μικρά, στρογγύλη καὶ ποικίλη, ἄλλη μακρά, ὁμοία τῇ ἀνθρήνῃ.
There are more classes of bees, as was said before: two of leaders, the better one being reddish, and the other black and more speckled, and double the size of the good bee; and the best bee is small, round and speckled, while another is long, similar to the wasp.
Ἕτερος ὁ φὼρ καλούμενος, μέλας, πλατυγάστωρ.
Another is the one called thief, black and broad-bellied.
Ἔτι δ’ ὁ κηφήν· οὗτος μέγιστος πάντων, ἄκεντρος δὲ καὶ νωθρός.
Furthermore, there is the drone; this is the largest of all, stingless and sluggish.
Διαφέρουσι δ’ αἱ γινόμεναι τῶν μελιττῶν αἵτ’ ἀπὸ τῶν τὰ ἥμερα νεμομένων καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν τὰ ὀρεινά· εἰσὶ γὰρ αἱ ἀπὸ τῶν ὑλονόμων δασύτεραι καὶ ἐλάττους καὶ ἐργατικώτεραι καὶ χαλεπώτεραι.
The bees that are produced differ according to whether they feed on cultivated areas or on mountains; for those from the wood-dwellers are hairier, smaller, more industrious, and more fierce.
Αἱ μὲν οὖν χρησταὶ μέλιτται ἐργάζονται τά τε κηρία ὁμαλὰ καὶ τὰ ἐπιπολῆς κάλυμμα πᾶν λεῖον, ἔτι δ’ ἓν εἶδος τοῦ κηρίου, οἷον ἅπαν μέλι ἢ νεοττοὺς ἢ κηφῆνας· ἂν δὲ συμβῇ ὥστ’ ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ κηρίῳ ἅπαντα ποιεῖν αὐτά, ἔσται ἐφεξῆς ἓν εἶδος εἰργασμένον δι’ ἀντλίας.
Now, the good bees make the combs even and the covering on the surface entirely smooth, and also make one kind in a comb, as for instance all honey, or grubs, or drones; and if it should happen that they make all of them in the same comb, one kind will be worked in order, as if through a channel.
Αἱ δὲ μακραὶ τά τε κηρία ποιοῦσιν ἀνώμαλα καὶ τὸ κάλυμμα ἀνῳδηκός, ὅμοιον τῷ τῆς ἀνθρήνης, ἔτι δὲ τὸν γόνον καὶ τἆλλα οὐ τεταγμένα ἀλλ’ ὡς ἂν τύχῃ· γίνονται δ’ ἐξ αὐτῶν οἵ τε πονηροὶ ἡγεμόνες καὶ κηφῆνες πολλοὶ καὶ οἱ φῶρες καλούμενοι, μέλι δ’ ἢ πάνυ βραχὺ ἢ οὐδέν.
But the long ones make the combs uneven and the covering swollen, similar to that of the wasp, and also their offspring and the other things not in order but at random; and from these are produced the bad leaders, many drones, and the so-called thieves, and either very little honey or none at all.
Ἐπικάθηνται δ’ ἐπὶ τοῖς κηρίοις αἱ μέλιτται καὶ συμπέττουσιν· ἐὰν δὲ τοῦτο μὴ ποιῶσι, φθείρεσθαί φασι τὰ κηρία καὶ ἀραχνιοῦσθαι.
The bees sit upon the combs and mature them; and if they do not do this, they say that the combs rot and become covered with cobwebs.
Καὶ ἐὰν μὲν τὸ λοιπὸν δύνωνται κατέχειν ἐπικαθήμεναι, τοῦθ’ ὥσπερ ἔκβρωμα γίνεται, εἰ δὲ μή, ἀπόλλυται ὅλα.
And if indeed they can hold out sitting upon them for the rest, this becomes like an eating-away, but if not, the whole perishes.
Γίνεται δὲ σκωλήκια ἐν τοῖς φθειρομένοις, ἃ πτερούμενα ἐκπέταται.
Worms are produced in those that rot, which fly out when winged.
Καὶ τὰ πίπτοντα δὲ τῶν κηρίων ὀρθοῦσιν αἱ μέλιτται, καὶ ὑφιστᾶσιν ἐρείσματα, ὅπως ἂν δύνωνται ὑπιέναι· ὅταν γὰρ μὴ ἔχωσιν ὁδὸν ᾗ προσπορεύσονται, οὐ προσκαθίζουσιν, εἶτ’ ἀραχνιοῦται.
And the bees straighten up those combs that fall, and place supports under them so that they can pass underneath; for when they do not have a path by which they may approach, they do not sit upon them, and then they become covered with cobwebs.
Τοῦ δὲ φωρὸς καὶ κηφῆνος γενομένων οὐδέν ἐστιν ἔργον, τὰ δὲ τῶν ἄλλων βλάπτουσιν.
When the thief and the drone are produced, they have no work, but they damage the work of the others.
Ἁλισκόμενοι δὲ θνήσκουσιν ὑπὸ τῶν χρηστῶν μελιττῶν.
And when caught, they are killed by the good bees.
Κτείνουσι δ’ αὗται σφόδρα καὶ τῶν ἡγεμόνων τοὺς πολλούς, καὶ μᾶλλον τοὺς πονηρούς, ἵνα μὴ πολλοὶ ὄντες διασπῶσι τὸν ἐσμόν.
These also kill many of the leaders, and more so the bad ones, so that they may not split the swarm by being many.
Κτείνουσι δὲ μάλιστα, ὅταν μὴ πολύγονον ᾖ τὸ σμῆνος μηδὲ ἀφέσεις μέλλωσι γίγνεσθαι· ἐν γὰρ τούτοις τοῖς καιροῖς καὶ τὰ κηρία διαφθείρουσι τὰ τῶν βασιλέων, ἐὰν ᾖ παρεσκευασμένα, ὡς ἐξαγωγέων ὄντων.
And they kill them especially when the hive is not very productive of offspring nor are swarms about to take place; for in these seasons they also destroy the combs of the kings, if they have been prepared, as they are leaders out of the hive.
Διαφθείρουσι δὲ καὶ τὰ τῶν κηφήνων, ἐὰν ὑποφαίνῃ ἀπορία μέλιτος καὶ μὴ εὐμελιτῇ τὰ σμήνη· καὶ τοῖς ἐξαιροῦσι περὶ τοῦ μέλιτος τότε μάχονται μάλιστα, καὶ τοὺς ὑπάρχοντας τῶν κηφήνων ἐκβάλλουσι, καὶ πολλάκις ὁρῶνται ἐν τῷ τεύχει ἀποκαθήμεναι.
And they also destroy those of the drones if a scarcity of honey appears and the hives are not rich in honey; and they fight most of all then with those who remove the honey, and they cast out the existing drones, and they are often seen sitting outside the vessel.
Πολεμοῦσι δὲ σφόδρα αἱ μικραὶ τῷ γένει τῷ μακρῷ, καὶ πειρῶνται ἐκβάλλειν ἐκ τῶν σμηνῶν· κἂν ἐπικρατήσωσι, τοῦτο δοκεῖ ὑπερβολῇ γίγνεσθαι ἀγαθὸν σμῆνος.
And the small bees fight fiercely with the long class, and try to cast them out of the hives; and if they prevail, this is thought to become an exceedingly good hive.
Αἱ δ’ ἕτεραι αν γένωνται αὐταὶ ἐφ’ ἑαυτῶν, ἀργοῦσί τε καὶ τέλεως οὐθὲν ποιοῦσιν ἀγαθόν, ἀπόλλυνται δὲ καὶ αὐταὶ πρὸ τοῦ φθινοπώρου.
But if the others are left by themselves, they are idle and do absolutely nothing good, and they themselves perish before autumn.
Ὅσας δὲ κτείνουσιν αἱ χρησταὶ μέλιτται, πειρῶνται μὲν ἔξω τοῦ σμήνους τοῦτο πράττειν· ἐὰν δ’ ἔσω τις ἀποθάνῃ, ἐξάγουσιν ὁμοίως.
And whichever ones the good bees kill, they try to do this outside the hive; but if any one dies inside, they carry it out likewise.
Οἱ δὲ φῶρες καλούμενοι κακουργοῦσι μὲν καὶ τὰ παρ’ αὑτοῖς κηρία, εἰσέρχονται δέ, ἐὰν λάθωσι, καὶ εἰς τὰ ἀλλότρια· ἐὰν δὲ ληφθῶσι, θνήσκουσιν.
The so-called thieves damage also the combs with themselves, and enter, if they escape notice, into those of others; but if they are caught, they die.
Ἔργον δ’ ἐστὶ λαθεῖν· ἐπί τε γὰρ εἰσόδῳ ἑκάστῃ φύλακές εἰσιν, αὐτός τε ἐὰν εἰσελθὼν λάθῃ, διὰ τὸ ὑπερπεπλῆσθαι οὐ δύναται πέτεσθαι, ἀλλὰ πρὸ τοῦ σμήνους κυλίεται, ὥστ’ ἔργον ἐστὶν αὐτῷ ἐκφυγεῖν.
But it is difficult to escape notice; for there are guards at each entrance, and even if he enters and escapes notice, he cannot fly because he is overfilled, but rolls in front of the hive, so that it is difficult for him to escape.
Οἱ δὲ βασιλεῖς αὐτοὶ μὲν οὐχ ὁρῶνται ἔξω ἄλλως ἢ μετ’ ἀφέσεως· ἐν δὲ ταῖς ἀφέσεσιν αἱ λοιπαὶ περὶ τοῦτον συνεσπειραμέναι φαίνονται.
The kings themselves are not seen outside except with a swarm; and in the swarms the rest are seen clustered around him.
Ὅταν δ’ ἄφεσις μέλλῃ γίγνεσθαι, φωνὴ μονῶτις καὶ ἴδιος γίνεται ἐπί τινας ἡμέρας, καὶ πρὸ δύο ἢ τριῶν ἡμερῶν ὀλίγαι πέτονται περὶ τὸ σμῆνος· εἰ δὲ γίνεται καὶ ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐν ταύταις, οὐκ ὦπταί πωδιὰ τὸ μὴ ῥᾴδιον εἶναι.
But when a swarm is about to take place, a solitary and peculiar sound occurs for some days, and two or three days before, a few fly around the hive; but whether the king also is among these has not yet been seen, because it is not easy.