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Aristotle · History of Animals §5.6-5.7

Copulation and Anatomy of Cephalopods and Crustaceans

Passage 71 of 189 · Greek

Summary

The copulation methods of cephalopods (such as octopuses and squids) and crustaceans (such as lobsters and crabs) are described, detailing their physical interactions and anatomical structures.

§5.6Τὰ δὲ μαλάκια, οἷον οἱ πολύποδες καὶ σηπίαι καὶ τευθίδες, τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον πάντα πλησιάζουσιν ἀλλήλοις· κατὰ τὸ στόμα γὰρ συμπλέκονται, τὰς πλεκτάνας πρὸς τὰς πλεκτάνας συναρμόττοντες.
The cephalopods, such as the octopuses, cuttlefishes, and squids, all approach one another in the same manner; for they couple at the mouth, fitting their tentacles to one another's tentacles.
Ὁ μὲν οὖν πολύπους ὅταν τὴν λεγομένην κεφαλὴν ἐρείσῃ πρὸς τὴν γῆν καὶ διαπετάσῃ τὰς πλεκτάνας, ἅτερος ἐφαρμόττει ἐπὶ τὸ πέτασμα τῶν πλεκτανῶν, καὶ συνεχεῖς ποιοῦνται τὰς κοτυληδόνας πρὸς ἀλλήλας.
Now, when the octopus presses its so-called head against the ground and spreads out its tentacles, the other fits itself onto the spread of the tentacles, and they bring their suckers into close contact with one another.
Φασὶ δέ τινες καὶ τὸν ἄρρενα ἔχειν αἰδοιῶδές τι ἐν μιᾷ τῶν πλεκτανῶν, ἐν ᾗ δύο αἱ μέγισται κοτυληδόνες εἰσίν· εἶναι δὲ τὸ τοιοῦτον ὥσπερ νευρῶδες, μέχρι εἰς μέσην τὴν πλεκτάνην προσπεφυκὸς ἅπαν, ᾗ ἐσπιφράναι εἰς τὸν μυκτῆρα τῆς θηλείας.
And some say that the male also has a kind of generative organ in one of its tentacles, in which are the two largest suckers; and that this structure is like a tendon, attached entirely as far as the middle of the tentacle, by which he inserts it into the funnel of the female.
Αἱ δὲ σηπίαι καὶ αἱ τευθίδες νέουσιν ἅμα συμπεπλεγμέναι, τὰ στόματα καὶ τὰς πλεκτάνας ἐφαρμόττουσαι καταντικρὺ ἀλλήλαις, νέουσαι ἐναντίως· ἐναρμόττουσι δὲ καὶ τὸν καλούμενον μυκτῆρα εἰς τὸν μυκτῆρα.
But the cuttlefishes and squids swim together coupled, fitting their mouths and tentacles face-to-face with each other, swimming in opposite directions; and they also fit their so-called funnel to each other's funnel.
Τὴν δὲ νεῦσιν ἡ μὲν ἐπὶ τὸ ὄπισθεν ἡ δ’ ἐπὶ τὸ στόμα ποιεῖται.
As for their swimming, one moves backward and the other toward its mouth.
Ἐκτίκτει δὲ κατὰ τὸν φυσητῆρα καλούμενον, καθ’ ὃν ἔνιοι καὶ ὀχεύεσθαί φασιν αὐτάς.
And the female lays her eggs through the so-called blower, at which some say they also copulate.
§5.7Τὰ δὲ μαλακόστρακα ὀχεύεται, οἷον κάραβοι καὶ ἀστακοὶ καὶ καρίδες καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα, ὥσπερ καὶ τὰ ὀπισθουρητικὰ τῶν τετραπόδων, ὅταν ὁ μὲν ὑπτίαν ὁ δ’ ἐπὶ ταύτης ποιήσῃ τὴν κέρκον.
The crustaceans, such as the spiny lobsters, lobsters, shrimps, and the like, copulate in the same way as the quadrupeds that urinate backward, when one lies on its back and the other places its tail upon it.
Ὀχεύεται δὲ τοῦ ἔαρος ἀρχομένου πρὸς τῇ γῇ (ἤδη γὰρ ὦπται ἡ ὀχεία πάντων τῶν τοιούτων), ἐνιαχοῦ δὲ καὶ ὅταν τὰ σῦκα ἄρχηται πεπαίνεσθαι.
They copulate at the beginning of spring near the shore (for the copulation of all such animals has already been observed), and in some places also when the figs begin to ripen.
Τὸν αὐτὸν δὲ τρόπον καὶ οἱ ἀστακοὶ καὶ αἱ καρίδες ὀχεύονται.
Lobsters and shrimps copulate in the same manner.
Οἱ δὲ καρκίνοι κατὰ τὰ πρόσθια ἀλλήλων συνδυάζονται, τὰ ἐπικαλύμματα τὰ πτυχώδη πρὸς ἄλληλα συμβάλλοντες.
But crabs copulate face-to-face, bringing their folded flaps against each other.
Πρῶτον δ’ ὁ καρκίνος ἀναβαίνει ὁ ἐλάττων ἐκ τοῦ ὄπισθεν· ὅταν δ’ ἀναβῇ οὗτος, ὁ μείζων πλάγιος ἐπιστρέφει.
First, the smaller crab mounts from behind; and when this one has mounted, the larger one turns sideways.
Ἄλλῳ μὲν οὖν οὐδενὶ ἡ θήλεια τοῦ ἄρρενος διαφέρει· τὸ δ’ ἐπικάλυμμα μεῖζόν ἐστι τὸ τῆς θηλείας καὶ μᾶλλον ἀφεστηκὸς καὶ συνηρεφέστερον, εἰς ὃ ἐκτίκτουσι καὶ ᾖ τὸ περίττωμα ἐξέρχεται.
Now, the female differs from the male in no other respect; but her flap is larger, stands further off, and is more like a lid, into which they lay their eggs and through which the residue exits.
Μόριον δ’ οὐθὲν προΐεται θάτερον εἰς θάτερον.
And neither of them inserts any organ into the other.

Notes

  1. 5.6ᾗ ἐσπιφράναι — The relative pronoun `ᾗ` indicates the means or instrument ("by which"), referring back to `αἰδοιῶδές τι`. The infinitive `ἐσπιφράναι` continues the accusative-with-infinitive construction (with the male as the subject) governed by the preceding `φασί`.
  2. 5.7ὅταν ὁ μὲν ὑπτίαν ὁ δ’ ἐπὶ ταύτης ποιήσῃ τὴν κέρκον — Although `ὁ μὲν` and `ὁ δ’` are contrasted, the verb `ποιήσῃ` directly governs only `ὁ δ’` with `τὴν κέρκον` as its object. After `ὁ μὲν`, the ellipsis of a verb meaning "makes herself" or "turns" is assumed, with `ὑπτίαν` (feminine accusative singular, referring to the female's body or posture) as a predicate adjective.
  3. 5.7ὁ μείζων πλάγιος ἐπιστρέφει — The nominative adjective `πλάγιος` functions predicatively and adverbially ("sideways", "on its side") modifying the action of the verb `ἐπιστρέφει`.

Cite this passage

Aristotle, History of Animals §5.6-5.7. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg014.humanitext-grc1:5.6-5.7

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