§5.5Οἱ δ’ ἰχθύες πάντες, ἔξω τῶν πλατέων σελαχῶν, παραπίπτοντες τὰ ὕπτια πρὸς τὰ ὕπτια ποιοῦνται τὸν συνδυασμόν.
All the fishes, except for the flat selachians, perform their copulation by lying alongside each other, belly to belly.
Τὰ δὲ πλατέα καὶ κερκοφόρα, οἷον βάτος καὶ τρυγὼν καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα, οὐ μόνον παραπίπτοντα ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπιβαίνοντα τοῖς ὑπτίοις ἐπὶ τὰ πρανῆ τῶν θηλειῶν, ὅσοις μὴ ἐμποδίζει τὸ οὐραῖον οὐθὲν ἔχον πάχος.
But the flat ones with tails, as the skate, the stingray, and the like, copulate not only by lying alongside, but also by the male mounting with his belly upon the back of the female, in all those where the tail, having no thickness, does not hinder them at all.
Αἱ δὲ ῥῖναι, καὶ ὅσοις τῶν τοιούτων πολὺ τὸ οὐραῖον, παρατριβόμενα μόνον ὀχεύεται τὰ ὕπτια πρὸς τὰ ὕπτια.
On the other hand, the angel-sharks, and those of such kind in which the tail is large, copulate only by rubbing their bellies against each other.
Εἰσὶ δέ τινες οἳ ἑωρακέναι φασὶ καὶ συνεχόμενα τῶν σελαχῶν ἔνια ὄπισθεν, ὥσπερ τοὺς κύνας.
And there are some who say they have seen some of the selachians remaining joined together from behind, just like dogs.
Ἔστι δ’ ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς σελαχώδεσι μεῖζον τὸ θῆλυ τοῦ ἄρρενος· σχεδὸν δὲ καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἄλλοις ἰχθύσι τὰ θήλεα μείζω τῶν ἀρρένων.
In all the selachians, the female is larger than the male; and in almost all the other fishes as well, the females are larger than the males.
Σελάχη δ’ ἐστὶ τά τε εἰρημένα καὶ βοῦς καὶ λάμια καὶ ἀετὸς καὶ νάρκη καὶ βάτραχος καὶ πάντα τὰ γαλεώδη.
The selachians are those already mentioned, and also the horned ray, the shark, the eagle-ray, the electric ray, the fishing-frog, and all the dogfishes.
Τὰ μὲν οὖν σελάχη πάντα τεθεώρηται ὑπὸ πολλῶν τούτους ποιούμενα τοὺς τρόπους τὴν ὀχείαν· χρονιωτέρα γὰρ ἡ συμπλοκὴ πάντων τῶν ζῳοτόκων ἢ τῶν ᾠοτόκων.
Now, all the selachians have been observed by many to perform their copulations in these ways; for the coupling of all the viviparous animals is more lasting than that of the oviparous ones.
Καὶ δελφῖνες δὲ καὶ πάντα τὰ κητώδη τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον· παραπίπτοντα γὰρ ὀχεύει παρὰ τὸ θῆλυ τὸ ἄρρεν, καὶ χρόνον οὔτε ὀλίγον οὔτε λίαν πολύν.
Dolphins and all the cetaceans also copulate in the same manner; for the male copulates by lying alongside the female, and for a time that is neither short nor very long.
Διαφέρουσι δ’ ἔνιοι τῶν σελαχωδῶν ἰχθύων οἱ ἄρρενες τῶν θηλειῶν τῷ τοὺς μὲν ἔχειν ἀποκρεμώμενα ἄττα δύο περὶ τὴν ἔξοδον τῆς περιττώσεως, τὰς δὲ θηλείας ταῦτα μὴ ἔχειν, οἷον ἐν τοῖς γαλεώδεσιν· ἐπὶ γὰρ τούτων ὑπάρχει πάντων τὸ εἰρημένον.
Some of the male selachian fishes differ from the females in that they have two hanging appendages around the vent of the residue, whereas the females do not have these, as in the dogfishes; for in all of these, the aforesaid is present.
Ὄρχεις μὲν οὖν οὔτε ἰχθὺς οὔτε ἄλλο τῶν ἀπόδων ἔχει οὐθέν, πόρους δὲ δύο καὶ οἱ ὄφεις καὶ οἱ ἰχθύες οἱ ἄρρενες ἔχουσιν, οἳ γίνονται θοροῦ πλήρεις περὶ τὴν τῆς ὀχείας ὥραν, καὶ προΐενται ὑγρότητα γαλακτώδη πάντες.
Now, neither fish nor any other footless animal has testicles, but both serpents and male fishes have two passages, which become full of milt around the time of copulation, and they all discharge a milky fluid.
Οὗτοι δ’ οἱ πόροι εἰς ἓν συνάπτουσιν, ὥσπερ καὶ τοῖς ὄρνισιν· οἱ γὰρ ὄρνιθες ἐντὸς ἔχουσι τοὺς ὄρχεις, καὶ τὰ ἄλλα πάντα ὅσα ᾠοτοκεῖ πόδας ἔχοντα.
These passages join into one, just as in birds; for birds have their testicles inside, and so do all other animals that lay eggs and have feet.
Τοῦτο δὴ συμπεραίνει καὶ ἐπεκτείνεται εἰς τὴν τοῦ θήλεος χώραν καὶ ὑποδοχήν.
This indeed terminates and extends into the place and receptacle of the female.
Ἔστι δὲ τοῖς μὲν ζῳοτόκοις καὶ πεζοῖς ὁ αὐτὸς πόρος τοῦ τε σπέρματος καὶ τῆς τοῦ ὑγροῦ περιττώσεως ἔξωθεν, ἔσωθεν δ’ ἕτερος πόρος, ὥσπερ ἐλέχθη καὶ πρότερον ἐν τῇ διαφορᾷ τῇ τῶν μορίων.
In the viviparous and land animals, there is the same external passage for both the semen and the liquid residue, but internally there is a different passage, as was said before in the discussion on the differences of the parts.
Τοῖς δὲ μὴ ἔχουσι κύστιν ὁ αὐτὸς καὶ τῆς ξηρᾶς περιττώσεως πόρος ἔξωθεν· ἔσωθεν δὲ σύνεγγυς ἀλλήλων.
In those that do not have a bladder, the external passage is the same as that for the dry residue; but internally they are close to each other.
Ὁμοίως δὲ ταῦτα ἔχει τοῖς θήλεσιν αὐτῶν καὶ τοῖς ἄρρεσιν· οὐ γὰρ ἔχουσι κύστιν πλὴν ἐπὶ χελώνης, τούτων δ’ ἡ θήλεια ἕνα πόρον ἔχει, καίτοι κύστιν ἔχουσα· αἱ χελῶναι δὲ τῶν ᾠοτόκων εἰσίν.
These things are similar in their females and males; for they do not have a bladder, except in the case of the tortoise, and the female of these has a single passage, although she has a bladder; and tortoises are among the oviparous animals.
Ἡ δὲ τῶν ᾠοτόκων ἰχθύων ὀχεία ἧττον γίνεται κατάδηλος· διόπερ οἱ πλεῖστοι νομίζουσι πληροῦσθαι τὰ θήλεα τῶν ἀρρένων ἀνακάπτοντα τὸν θορόν.
On the other hand, the copulation of oviparous fishes is less manifest; wherefore most people believe that the females are impregnated by swallowing the milt of the males.
Τοῦτο γὰρ πολλάκις ὁρᾶται γινόμενον· περὶ μὲν γὰρ τὴν τῆς ὀχείας ὥραν αἱ θήλειαι τοῖς ἄρρεσιν ἑπόμεναι τοῦτο δρῶσι, καὶ κόπτουσιν ὑπὸ τὴν γαστέρα τοῖς στόμασιν, οἱ δὲ θᾶττον προΐενται καὶ μᾶλλον· κατὰ δὲ τὸν τόκον οἱ ἄρρενες τοῖς θήλεσι, καὶ ἀποτικτουσῶν δ’ ἀνακάπτουσι τὰ ᾠά· ἐκ δὲ τῶν παραλειπομένων γίνονται οἱ ἰχθύες.
For this is often seen to happen; for around the time of copulation, the females follow the males and do this, and they strike them under the belly with their mouths, and the males discharge it more quickly and in greater quantity; and at the time of spawning, the males follow the females, and as they lay them, they swallow the eggs; and the fishes are produced from those that are left behind.
Περὶ δὲ τὴν Φοινίκην καὶ θήραν ποιοῦνται δι’ ἀλλήλων· ἄρρενας μὲν γὰρ ὑπάγοντες κεστρέας τὰς θηλείας περιβάλλονται συνάγοντες, θηλείας δὲ τοὺς ἄρρενας.
In the region of Phoenicia, they even carry out fishing by means of one another; for by leading the male mullets, they surround and collect the females, and by means of the females, the males.
Τοῦτο μὲν οὖν διὰ τὸ πολλάκις ὁρᾶσθαι τὴν δόξαν ἐποίησε τῆς ὀχείας ταύτην, ποιεῖ δὲ τοῦτο καὶ τὰ τετράποδα τῶν ζῴων· περὶ γὰρ τὴν ὥραν τῆς ὀχείας ἀπορραίνουσι καὶ τὰ ἄρρενα καὶ τὰ θήλεα, καὶ τῶν αἰδοίων ὀσμῶνται ἀλλήλων.
Now this, because of being often seen, created this opinion about their copulation, but even the quadrupeds among animals do something similar to this; for around the time of copulation, both males and females exude fluid, and smell each other's genitals.
Αἱ δὲ πέρδικες ἂν κατὰ ἄνεμον στῶσιν αἱ θήλειαι τῶν ἀρρένων, ἔγκυοι γίνονται· πολλάκις δὲ καὶ τῆς φωνῆς, ἐὰν ὀργῶσαι τύχωσι, καὶ ὑπερπετομένων ἐκ τοῦ καταπνεῦσαι τὸν ἄρρενα· χάσκει δὲ καὶ ἡ θήλεια καὶ ὁ ἄρρην, καὶ τὴν γλῶτταν ἔξω ἔχουσι περὶ τὴν τῆς ὀχείας ποίησιν.
And in the case of partridges, if the females stand downwind of the males, they become pregnant; and often even from the voice, if they happen to be in heat, and from the male flying over them, by his breathing down upon them; and both the female and the male gape and have their tongues out around the time of copulation.
Ἡ δὲ ἀληθινὴ σύνοδος τῶν ᾠοτόκων ἰχθύων ὀλιγάκις ὁρᾶται διὰ τὸ ταχέως ἀπολύεσθαι παραπεσόντας, ἐπεὶ ὦπται καὶ ἡ ἐπὶ τούτων ὀχεία γινομένη τὸν εἰρημένον τρόπον.
But the true coupling of oviparous fishes is rarely seen because of their separating quickly after lying alongside, though copulation in these animals has also been seen to take place in the aforesaid manner.