§5.22#1Εἰσὶ δὲ γένη τῶν μελιττῶν, ἡ μὲν ἀρίστη μικρὰ καὶ στρογγύλη καὶ ποικίλη, ἄλλη δὲ μακρά, ὁμοία τῇ ἀνθρήνῃ, τρίτος δ’ ὁ φὼρ καλούμενος (οὗτος δ’ ἐστὶ μέλας καὶ πλατυγάστωρ), τέταρτος δ’ ὁ κηφήν, μεγέθει μὲν μέγιστος πάντων, ἄκεντος δὲ καὶ νωθρός·
There are classes of bees: the best is small, round, and variegated; another is long, like a wasp; the third is the one called robber (which is black and broad-bellied); the fourth is the drone, largest of all in size, but stingless and sluggish.
διὸ καὶ πλέκουσί τινες περὶ τὰ σμήνη ὥστε τὰς μὲν μελίττας εἰσδύεσθαι, τοὺς δὲ κηφῆνας μὴ διὰ τὸ εἶναι αὐτοὺς μείζους.
Wherefore some weave around the hives so that the bees can slip in, but the drones cannot because of their being larger.
Ἡγεμόνων δὲ γένη δύο ἐστίν, ὥσπερ εἴρηται καὶ πρότερον.
And there are two kinds of leaders, as has been said before.
Εἰσὶ δὲ πλείους ἐν ἑκάστῳ σμήνει ἡγεμόνες, καὶ οὐχ εἷς μόνος· ἀπόλλυται δὲ τὸ σμῆνος, ἐάν τε ἡγεμόνες μὴ ἱκανοὶ ἐνῶσιν (οὐχ οὕτω διὰ τὸ ἄναρχοι εἶναι, ἀλλ’ ὡς φασίν, ὅτι συμβάλλονται εἰς τὴν γένεσιν τὴν τῶν μελιττῶν) ἐάν τε πολλοὶ ὦσιν οἱ ἡγεμόνες· διασπῶσι γάρ.
And there are several leaders in each hive, and not only one; and the hive perishes, both if there are not sufficient leaders within (not so much because of being without a ruler, but, as they say, because they contribute to the generation of the bees), and if the leaders are many; for they divide the hive.
Ὅταν μὲν οὖν ἔαρ ὄψιον γένηται, καὶ ὅταν αὐχμοὶ καὶ ἐρυσίβη, ἐλάττων γίνεται ὁ γόνος· ἀλλ’ αὐχμοῦ μὲν ὄντος μέλι ἐργάζονται μᾶλλον, ἐπομβρίας δὲ γόνον, διὸ καὶ ἅμα συμβαίνει ἐλαιῶν φορὰ καὶ ἐσμῶν.
When, therefore, spring is late, and when there are droughts and mildew, the offspring is fewer; but when there is a drought they make honey more, and during rainy weather they make offspring, wherefore also a harvest of olives and swarms happen at the same time.
Ἐργάζονται δὲ πρῶτον μὲν τὸ κηρίον, εἶτα τὸν γόνον ἐναφιᾶσιν, ὡς μὲν ἔνιοι λέγουσιν, ἐκ τοῦ στόματος, ὅσοι φέρειν φασὶν ἄλλοθεν, εἶθ’ οὕτω τὸ μέλι τροφὴν τὴν μὲν τοῦ θέρους τὴν δὲ τοῦ μετοπώρου· ἄμεινον δ’ ἐστὶ τὸ μετοπωρινὸν μέλι.
And they work first the comb, then they release the offspring inside, as some say, from the mouth, namely those who say they bring it from elsewhere, and then in this way they put in the honey as food, some of summer, some of autumn; and the autumnal honey is better.
Γίνεται δὲ κηρίον μὲν ἐξ ἀνθέων, κήρωσιν δὲ φέρουσιν ἀπὸ τοῦ δακρύου τῶν δένδρων, μέλι δὲ τὸ πῖπτον ἐκ τοῦ ἀέρος, καὶ μάλιστα ἐν ταῖς τῶν ἄστρων ἐπιτολαῖς, καὶ ὅταν κατασκήψῃ ἡ ἶρις· ὅλως δ’ οὐ γίνεται μέλι πρὸ Πλειάδος ἐπιτολῆς.
And the comb is made of flowers, but they bring the material for sealing from the tears of trees, and honey is that which falls from the air, and especially at the risings of the stars, and when the rainbow comes down; and in general no honey is produced before the rising of the Pleiades.
Τὸν μὲν οὖν κηρὸν ποιεῖ, ὥσπερ εἴρηται, ἐκ τῶν ἀνθέων· τὸ δὲ μέλι ὅτι οὐ ποιεῖ ἀλλὰ φέρει τὸ πῖπτον, σημεῖον· ἐν μιᾷ γὰρ ἢ δυσὶν ἡμέραις πλήρη εὑρίσκουσι τὰ σμήνη οἱ μελιττουργοὶ μέλιτος.
While, therefore, they make wax, as has been said, from flowers, that they do not make honey but carry that which falls is shown by this proof: for in one or two days the bee-keepers find the hives full of honey.
Ἔτι δὲ τοῦ μετοπώρου ἄνθη μὲν γίνεται, μέλι δ’ οὔ, ὅταν ἀφαιρεθῇ.
Moreover, in autumn flowers indeed are produced, but honey is not, when it has been taken away.
Ἀφῃρημένου οὖν ἤδη τοῦ γενομένου μέλιτος, καὶ τροφῆς ἢ οὐκ ἐνούσης ἔτι ἢ σπανίας, ἐνεγίνετο ἄν, εἴπερ ἐποίουν ἐκ τῶν ἀνθέων.
Therefore, when the honey that has been produced has already been taken away, and food is either no longer inside or is scarce, it would be produced inside if indeed they made it from flowers.
Συνίσταται δὲ τὸ μέλι πεττόμενον· ἐξ ἀρχῆς γὰρ οἷον ὕδωρ γίνεται, καὶ ἐφ’ ἡμέρας μέν τινας ὑγρόν ἐστι (διὸ κἂν ἀφαιρεθῇ ἐν ταύταις ταῖς ἡμέραις, οὐκ ἔχει πάχος), ἐν εἴκοσι δὲ μάλιστα συνίσταται.
And honey is consolidated by being concocted; for at the beginning it becomes like water, and for some days it is liquid (wherefore even if it is taken away in these days, it has no thickness), but in about twenty days it is consolidated.
Δῆλον δ’ ἐστὶν εὐθέως τὸ ἀπὸ τοῦ χυμοῦ· διαφέρει γὰρ τῇ γλυκύτητι καὶ τῷ πάχει.
And that which is from the juice is immediately clear; for it differs in sweetness and thickness.
Φέρει δ’ ἀπὸ πάντων ἡ μέλιττα ὅσα ἐν κάλυκι ἀνθεῖ, καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν ἄλλων δὲ ὅσα ἂν γλυκύτητα ἔχῃ, οὐθένα βλάπτουσα καρπόν· τοὺς δὲ χυμοὺς τούτων τῷ ὁμοίῳ τῇ γλώττῃ ἀναλαμβάνουσα κομίζει.
And the bee carries from all things that flower in a bud, and from other things which may have sweetness, hurting no fruit; and sucking up the juices of these with that which is similar to a tongue, it carries them.