§5.20οἱ δὲ σφῆκες οἱ ἰχνεύμονες καλούμενοι (εἰσὶ δ’ ἐλάττους τῶν ἑτέρων) τὰ φαλάγγια ἀποκτείναντες φέρουσι πρὸς τειχίον ἤ τι τοιοῦτον τρώγλην ἔχον, καὶ πηλῷ προσκαταλείψαντες ἐντίκτουσιν ἐνταῦθα, καὶ γίνονται ἐξ αὐτῶν οἱ σφῆκες οἱ ἰχνεύμονες.
The wasps called ichneumons (and they are smaller than the others), having killed phalangium spiders, carry them to a wall or some such place that has a hole, and having sealed it over with clay, they lay their eggs inside, and from these are generated the wasps called ichneumons.
Ἔνια δὲ τῶν κολεοπτέρων καὶ μικρῶν καὶ ἀνωνύμων ζῴων τοῦ πηλοῦ τρώγλας ποιοῦνται μικρὰς ἢ πρὸς τάφοις ἢ τειχίοις, καὶ ἐνταῦθα τὰ σκωλήκια ἐντίκτουσιν.
And some of the coleoptera and of the small and nameless animals make small holes of clay either near tombs or walls, and lay their small larvae inside.
Ὁ δὲ χρόνος τῆς γενέσεως ἀπὸ μὲν τῆς ἀρχῆς μέχρι τοῦ τέλους σχεδὸν τοῖς πλείστοις ἑπτάσι μετρεῖται τρισὶν ἢ τέτταρσιν.
And the time of generation from the beginning to the end is for most measured by nearly three or four sevens.
Τοῖς μὲν οὖν σκώληξι καὶ τοῖς σκωληκοειδέσι τοῖς πλείστοις τρεῖς γίνονται ἑπτάδες, τοῖς δὲ ᾠοτοκοῦσι τέτταρες ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πολύ.
For most larvae and larval creatures there are three sevens, and for the oviparous four for the most part.
Τούτων δ’ ἀπὸ μὲν τῆς ὀχείας ἐν ταῖς ἑπτὰ ἡ σύστασις γίνεται, ἐν δὲ ταῖς λοιπαῖς τρισὶν ἐπῳάζουσι καὶ ἐκλέπουσιν ὅσα γόνῳ τίκτεται, οἷον ὑπ’ ἀράχνου ἢ ἄλλου τινὸς τοιούτου.
And of these, from the coitus, the constitution takes place in the seven, and in the remaining three they sit on and hatch those which are brought forth by a seed, as by a spider or some other such animal.
Αἱ δὲ μεταβολαὶ γίνονται τοῖς πλείστοις κατὰ τριήμερον ἢ τετραήμερον, ὥσπερ καὶ αἱ τῶν νόσων συμβαίνουσι κρίσεις.
And the changes take place for most of them every three or four days, just as the crises of diseases occur.
Τῶν μὲν οὖν ἐντόμων οὗτος ὁ τρόπος ἐστὶ τῆς γενέσεως· φθείρονται δ’ ἐρρικνωμένων τῶν μορίων, ὥσπερ γήρᾳ τὰ μείζω τῶν ζῴων· ὅσα δὲ πτερωτά, καὶ τῶν πτερῶν συσπωμένων περὶ τὸ μετόπωρον· οἱ δὲ μύωπες καὶ τῶν ὀμμάτων ἐξυδρωπιώντων.
This, then, is the manner of generation of insects; and they perish by the shrivelling of their parts, just as larger animals do by old age; and those that are winged also by the contracting of their wings around autumn; and the horse-flies also by the watering of their eyes.
§5.21Περὶ δὲ τὴν γένεσιν τὴν τῶν μελιττῶν οὐ τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον πάντες ὑπολαμβάνουσιν.
Concerning the generation of bees, not all conceive of it in the same manner.
Οἱ μὲν γάρ φασιν οὐ τίκτειν οὐδ’ ὀχεύεσθαι τὰς μελίττας, ἀλλὰ φέρειν τὸν γόνον, καὶ φέρειν οἱ μὲν ἀπὸ τοῦ ἄνθους τοῦ καλλύντρου, οἱ δ’ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἄνθους τοῦ καλάμου, ἄλλοι δ’ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἄνθους τῆς ἐλαίας· καὶ σημεῖον λέγουσιν ὅτι ἂν ἐλαιῶν φορὰ γένηται, τότε καὶ ἐσμοὶ ἀφίενται πλεῖστοι.
For some say that bees neither bring forth young nor copulate, but carry their young, some carrying them from the flower of the callynter, others from the flower of the reed, and others from the flower of the olive; and they mention as a proof that if there is a harvest of olives, then also the greatest number of swarms are sent forth.
Οἱ δέ φασι τὸν μὲν τῶν κηφήνων γόνον αὐτὰς φέρειν ἀπό τινος ὕλης τῶν προειρημένων, τὸν δὲ τῶν μελιττῶν τίκτειν τοὺς ἡγεμόνας.
And others say that they carry the young of the drones from some substance of those mentioned above, but that the leaders bring forth the young of the bees.
Τῶν δ’ ἡγεμόνων ἐστὶ γένη δύο, ὁ μὲν βελτίων πυρρός, ὁ δ’ ἕτερος μέλας καὶ ποικιλώτερος, τὸ δὲ μέγεθος διπλάσιος τῆς χρηστῆς μελίττης· καὶ τὸ κάτω τοῦ διαζώματος ἔχουσιν ἡμιόλιον μάλιστα τῷ μήκει, καὶ καλοῦνται ὑπό τινων μητέρες ὡς γεννῶντες.
And of the leaders there are two kinds, the better one reddish, and the other black and more variegated, and in size double that of the useful bee; and they have the part below the waist about one and a half times in length, and are called by some 'mothers' as being the procreators.
Σημεῖον δὲ λέγουσιν ὅτι ὁ μὲν τῶν κηφήνων ἐγγίνεται γόνος κἂν μὴ ἐνῇ ἡγεμών, ὁ δὲ τῶν μελιττῶν οὐκ ἐγγίνεται.
And they mention as a proof that the young of the drones is produced even if a leader is not within, but that of the bees is not produced.
Οἱ δέ φασιν ὀχεύεσθαι, καὶ εἶναι ἄρρενας μὲν τοὺς κηφῆνας, θηλείας δὲ τὰς μελίττας.
And others say that they copulate, and that the drones are male, and the bees female.
Ἔστι δὲ τῶν μὲν ἄλλων ἡ γένεσις ἐν τοῖς κοίλοις τοῦ κηρίου, οἱ δέ γ’ ἡγεμόνες γίνονται κάτω πρὸς τῷ κηρίῳ, ἀποκρεμάμενοι χωρίς, ἓξ ἢ ἑπτά, ἐναντίως τῷ ἄλλῳ γόνῳ πεφυκότες.
And the generation of the others takes place in the cavities of the honeycomb, but the leaders are produced below towards the honeycomb, hanging down apart, six or seven, growing in a position contrary to the other young.
Κέντρον δ’ αἱ μὲν μέλιτται ἔχουσιν, οἱ δὲ κηφῆνες οὐκ ἔχουσιν· οἱ δὲ βασιλεῖς καὶ ἡγεμόνες ἔχουσι μὲν κέντρον, ἀλλ’ οὐ τύπτουσι, διὸ ἔνιοι οὐκ οἴονται ἔχειν αὐτούς.
And bees indeed have a sting, but drones do not have one; and the kings and leaders indeed have a sting, but they do not strike, wherefore some do not think that they have one.