§3.4#1Τὸν δ’ αὐτὸν τρόπον καὶ τὰ τῆς ἐλάττονος φλεβός, καλουμένης δ’ ἀορτῆς, ἔσχισται μέρη, συμπαρακολουθοῦντα τοῖς τῆς μεγάλης· πλὴν ἐλάττους οἱ πόροι καὶ τὰ φλέβια πολλῷ ἐλάττω ταῦτ’ ἐστὶ τῶν τῆς μεγάλης φλεβός.
In the same manner, the parts of the smaller vein, called the aorta, are also split, accompanying those of the great vein; except that these passages are narrower and the small veins are much smaller than those of the great vein.
Τὰ μὲν οὖν ἄνωθεν τῆς καρδίας τοῦτον ἔχουσι τὸν τρόπον αἱ φλέβες· τὸ δ’ ὑποκάτω τῆς καρδίας μέρος τῆς μεγάλης φλεβὸς τείνει μετέωρον διὰ τοῦ ὑποζώματος, συνέχεται δὲ καὶ πρὸς τὴν ἀορτὴν καὶ πρὸς τὴν ῥάχιν πόροις ὑμενώδεσι καὶ χαλαροῖς.
Now, the veins above the heart are in this condition; but the part of the great vein below the heart extends suspended through the diaphragm, and is connected both to the aorta and to the spine by membranous and loose passages.
Τείνει δ’ ἀπ’ αὐτῆς μία μὲν διὰ τοῦ ἥπατος φλέψ, βραχεῖα μὲν πλατεῖα δέ, ἀφ’ ἧς πολλαὶ καὶ λεπταὶ εἰς τὸ ἧπαρ ἀποτείνουσαι ἀφανίζονται.
From it, one vein extends through the liver, short but broad, from which many fine small veins extend into the liver and disappear.
Δύο δ’ ἀπὸ τῆς διὰ τοῦ ἥπατος φλεβὸς ἀποσχίσεις εἰσίν, ὧν ἡ μὲν εἰς τὸ ὑπόζωμα τελευτᾷ καὶ τὰς καλουμένας φρένας, ἡ δὲ πάλιν ἐπανελθοῦσα διὰ τῆς μασχάλης εἰς τὸν βραχίονα τὸν δεξιὸν συμβάλλει ταῖς ἑτέραις φλεψὶ κατὰ τὴν ἐντὸς καμπήν·
There are two branches from the vein that goes through the liver, of which one ends in the diaphragm and the so-called midriff, while the other goes back up through the armpit into the right arm and joins the other veins at the inner bend.
διὸ ἀποσχαζόντων τῶν ἰατρῶν ταύτην ἀπολύονται τινῶν πόνων περὶ τὸ ἧπαρ.
For which reason, when physicians open this vein, patients are relieved of certain pains around the liver.
Ἐκ δὲ τῶν ἀριστερῶν αὐτῆς μικρὰ μὲν παχεῖα δὲ φλὲψ τείνει εἰς τὸν σπλῆνα, καὶ ἀφανίζεται τὰ ἀπ’ αὐτῆς φλέβια εἰς τοῦτον.
From the left side of it, a small but thick vein extends to the spleen, and the small veins from it disappear into it.
Ἕτερον δὲ μέρος ἀπὸ τῶν ἀριστερῶν τῆς μεγάλης φλεβὸς ἀποσχισθὲν τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον ἀναβαίνει εἰς τὸν ἀριστερὸν βραχίονα· πλὴν ἐκείνη μὲν ἡ διὰ τοῦ ἥπατός ἐστιν, αὕτη δ’ ἑτέρα τῆς εἰς τὸν σπλῆνα τείνουσης.
Another part split from the left of the great vein ascends in the same manner into the left arm; except that the former is from the vein through the liver, while the latter is another one from the vein extending to the spleen.
Ἔτι δ’ ἄλλαι ἀπὸ τῆς μεγάλης φλεβὸς ἀποσχίζονται, ἡ μὲν ἐπὶ τὸ ἐπίπλοον, ἡ δ’ ἐπὶ τὸ καλούμενον πάγκρεας.
Moreover, other veins split from the great vein, one to the omentum, and the other to the so-called pancreas.
Ἀπὸ δὲ ταύτης πολλαὶ φλέβες διὰ τοῦ μεσεντερίου τείνουσιν.
And from these, many veins extend through the mesentery.
Πᾶσαι δ’ αὗται εἰς μίαν φλέβα τελευτῶσι μεγάλην, παρὰ πᾶν τὸ ἔντερον καὶ τὴν κοιλίαν μέχρι τοῦ στομάχου τεταμένην.
All of these end in one great vein, which extends along the entire intestine and the stomach as far as the esophagus.
Καὶ περὶ ταῦτα τὰ μόρια πολλαὶ ἀπ’ αὐτῶν σχίζονται φλέβες.
And around these parts, many veins split from them.
Μέχρι μὲν οὖν τῶν νεφρῶν μία οὖσα ἑκατέρα τείνει, καὶ ἡ ἀορτὴ καὶ ἡ μεγάλη φλέψ· ἐνταῦθα δὲ πρός τε τὴν ῥάχιν μᾶλλον προσπεφύκασι, καὶ σχίζονται εἰς δύο ὡσπερεὶ λάβδα ἑκάτερα, καὶ γίνεται εἰς τοὔπισθεν μᾶλλον ἡ μεγάλη φλὲψ τῆς ἀορτῆς.
Now, as far as the kidneys, each of the two extends as a single vessel, both the aorta and the great vein; but there they are more closely attached to the spine, and each splits into two like the letter lambda (Λ), and the great vein comes to lie more to the back than the aorta.
Προσπέφυκε δ’ ἡ ἀορτὴ μάλιστα τῇ ῥάχει περὶ τὴν καρδίαν· ἡ δὲ πρόσφυσίς ἐστι φλεβίοις νευρώδεσι καὶ μικροῖς.
The aorta is attached closest to the spine around the heart; and the attachment is by means of small and sinewy vessels.
Ἔστι δ’ ἡ ἀορτὴ ἀπὸ μὲν τῆς καρδίας ἀγομένη εὖ μάλα κοίλη, προϊοῦσα δ’ ἐπιστενωτέρα καὶ νευρωδεστέρα.
And the aorta, starting from the heart, is remarkably hollow, but as it proceeds it becomes narrower and more sinewy.
Τείνουσι δὲ καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς ἀορτῆς εἰς τὸ μεσεντέριον φλέβες ὥσπερ αἱ ἀπὸ τῆς μεγάλης φλεβός, πλὴν πολλῷ λειπόμεναι τῷ μεγέθει·
And veins also extend from the aorta into the mesentery, just like those from the great vein, except that they are much inferior in size;