§1.15τὰ δὲ μαλάκια συμπλέκεται μὲν κατὰ τὸ στόμα, ἀντερείδοντα καὶ διαπτύττοντα τὰς πλεκτάνας, συμπλέκεται δὲ τὸν τρόπον τοῦτον ἐξ ἀνάγκης· ἡ γὰρ φύσις παρὰ τὸ στόμα τὴν τελευτὴν τοῦ περιττώματος συνήγαγε κάμψασα, καθάπερ εἴρηται πρότερον ἐν τοῖς περὶ τῶν μορίων λόγοις.
But cephalopods copulate at the mouth, pressing against and intertwining their tentacles, and they copulate in this manner of necessity; for nature, having bent the digestive tract, has brought the termination of the residue near the mouth, as has been said before in the treatise on the parts of animals.
ἔχει δ’ ἡ θήλεια μὲν ὑστερικὸν μόριον φανερῶς ἐν ἑκάστῳ τούτων τῶν ζῴων· ᾠὸν γὰρ ἴσχει τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ἀδιόριστον, ἔπειτα δια κρινόμενον γίνεται πολλά, καὶ ἀποτίκτει ἕκαστον τούτων ἀτελές, καθάπερ καὶ οἱ ᾠοτοκοῦντες τῶν ἰχθύων.
And the female has a uterine part clearly in each of these animals; for she holds an egg at first indistinct, which afterwards becomes many as it is distinguished, and each of these animals produces them in an imperfect state, just like the oviparous fish.
ὁ δὲ πόρος ὁ αὐτὸς τοῦ περιττώματος καὶ τοῦ ὑστερικοῦ μορίου καὶ τοῖς μαλακοστράκοις καὶ τούτοις.
And the passage for the residue and for the uterine part is the same both in crustaceans and in these.
ἐστὶ γὰρ ᾗ τὸν θορὸν ἀφίησι διὰ τὸ πόρου.
For it is where they discharge the milt through the passage.
ταῦτα δ᾽ ἐστὶν ἐν τοῖς ὑπτίοις τοῦ σώματος, ᾗ τὸ κέλυφος ἀφέστηκε καὶ ἡ θάλαττα εἰσέρχεται.
And these are on the under side of the body, where the mantle is open and the sea-water enters.
διὸ ὁ συνδυασμὸς κατὰ τοῦτο γίνεται τῷ ἄρρενι πρὸς τὴν θήλειαν· ἀναγκαῖον γάρ, εἴπερ ἀφίησιν ὁ ἄρρην εἴτε σπέρμα εἴτε μόριον εἴτε ἄλλην τινὰ δύναμιν, κατὰ τὸν ὑστερικὸν πόρον πλησιάζειν.
Therefore, copulation takes place at this point of the male with the female; for it is necessary, if the male discharges either semen or an organ or any other power, that he should approach near the uterine passage.
ἡ δὲ τῆς πλεκτάνης τοῦ ἄρρενος διὰ τοῦ αὐλοῦ δίεσις ἐπὶ τῶν πολυπόδων, ᾗ φασὶν ὀχεύειν πλεκτάνῃ οἱ ἁλιεῖς, συμπλοκῆς χάριν ἐστίν, ἀλλ᾽ οὐχ ὡς ὀργάνου χρησίμου πρὸς τὴν γένεσιν· ἔξω γάρ ἐστι τοῦ πόρου καὶ τοῦ σώματος.
But the insertion of the male's tentacle through the funnel in octopuses, which tentacle the fishermen say they copulate with, is for the sake of attachment, and not as an organ useful for generation; for it is outside the passage and the body.
ἐνίοτε δὲ συνδυάζονται καὶ ἐπὶ τὰ πρανῆ τὰ μαλάκια· πότερον δὲ γενέσεως χάριν ἢ δι᾽ ἄλλην αἰτίαν, οὐθεν ὦπταί πω.
Sometimes cephalopods also copulate on their backs; but whether for the sake of generation or for some other cause, nothing has yet been observed.
§1.16τῶν δ᾽ ἐντόμων τὰ μὲν συνδυάζεται, καὶ ἠ γένεσις αὐτῶν ἐστὶν ἐκ ζῴων συνωνύμων, καθάπερ ἐπὶ τῶν ἐναίμων, οἷον αἱ τε ἀκρίδες καὶ οἱ τέττιγες καὶ τὰ φαλάγγια καὶ οἱ σφῆκες καὶ οἱ μύρμηκες, τὰ δὲ συνδυάζεται μὲν καὶ γεννῶσιν, οὐχ ὁμογενῆ δ᾽ αὑτοῖς ἀλλὰ σκώληκας μόνον, οὐδὲ γίγνονται ἐκ ζῴων ἀλλ᾽ ἐκ σηπομένων ὑγρῶν, τὰ δὲ ξηρῶν, οἷον αἵ τε ψύλλαι καὶ αἱ μυῖαι καὶ αἱ κανθαρίδες. · τὰ δ᾽ ὔτ᾽ ἐκ ζῴων γίνονται οὔτε συνδυάζονται, καθάπερ ἐμπίδες τε καὶ κώνωπες καὶ πολλὰ τοιαῦτα γένη.
Of insects, some copulate, and their generation is from animals of the same name, as in the case of blooded animals, such as locusts, cicadas, spiders, wasps, and ants; others copulate and generate, not offspring of the same kind as themselves but only larvae, and they do not come from animals but from putrefying liquids, and others from dry substances, such as fleas, flies, and beetles; while others neither come from animals nor copulate, such as gnats, mosquitoes, and many such kinds.
τῶν δὲ συνδυαζομένων ἐν τοῖς πλείστοις τὰ θήλεα μείζω τῶν ἀρρένων ἐστίν.
And among those that copulate, in most cases the females are larger than the males.
πόρους δὲ τὰ ἄρρενα θορικοὺς οὐ φαίνεται ἔχοντα.
And the males do not appear to have seminal ducts.
ἀφίησι δὲ ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πλεῖστον εἰπεῖν τὸ ἄρρεν εἰς τὸ θῆλυ οὐδὲν μόριον, ἀλλὰ τὸ θῆλυ εἰς τὸ ἄρρεν κάτωθεν ἄνω.
And, to speak generally, the male emits no organ into the female, but the female into the male from below upwards.
τεθεώρηται δὲ τοῦτο ἐπὶ πολλῶν, καὶ περὶ τοῦ ἀναβαίνειν ὡσαύτως, τοὐναντίον δ᾽ ἐπ᾽ ὀλίγων· ὥστε δὲ γένει διελεῖν, οὔπω συνεώραται.
This has been observed in many cases, and similarly with regard to mounting, and the reverse in a few; but to distinguish them by group has not yet been observed.
σχεδὸν δὲ τοῦτο καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ᾠοτόκων ἰχθύων τῶν πλείστων ἐστί, καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν τετραπόδων καὶ ᾠοτόκων· τὰ γὰρ θήλεα μείζω τῶν ἀρρένων ἐστὶ διὰ τὸ συμφέρον πρὸς τὸν γινόμενον αὐτοῖς ὑπὸ τῶν ᾠῶν ὄγκον ἐν τῇ κυήσει.
And this is nearly the same also in most oviparous fish, and in quadrupeds and oviparous animals; for the females are larger than the males because of the advantage for the bulk produced in them by the eggs during gestation.
τοῖς δὲ θήλεσιν αὐτῶν τὸ ταῖς ὑστέραις ἀνάλογον μόριον ἐσχισμένον ἐστὶ παρὰ τὸ ἔντερον, ὥσπερ καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις· ἐν ᾧ ἐγγίγνεται τὰ κυήματα.
And in their females, the part analogous to the uteri is split along the intestine, as in the others, in which the fetuses are formed.
δῆλον δὲ τοῦτο ἐπί τε τῶν ἀκρίδων, καὶ ὅσα μέγεθος αὐτῶν ἔχει, συνδυάζεσθαι πεφυκότων· τὰ γὰρ πλεῖστα μικρὰ λίαν τῶν ἐντόμων ἐστίν.
This is clear both in locusts and in those of them that have some size, being of a nature to copulate; for most insects are extremely small.
Τὰ μὲν οὖν περὶ τὴν γένεσιν ὄργανα τοῖς ζῴοις, περὶ ὧν οὐκ ἐλέχθη πρότερον, τοῦτον ἔχει τὸν τρόπον· τῶν δ᾽ ὁμοιομερῶν ἀπελείφθη περὶ γονῆς καὶ γάλακτος, περὶ ὧν καιρός ἐστιν εἰπεῖν, περὶ μὲν γονῆς ἤδη, περὶ δὲ γάλακτος ἐν τοῖς ἐχομένοις.
The organs, then, concerning generation in animals, which were not spoken of before, are in this manner; and of the homogeneous parts, there remain those concerning semen and milk, of which it is time to speak—concerning semen now, and concerning milk in what follows.