§10.9#2εἰ δʼ οὖν, καθάπερ εἴρηται, τὸν ἐσόμενον ἀγαθὸν τραφῆναι καλῶς δεῖ καὶ ἐθισθῆναι, εἶθʼ οὕτως ἐν ἐπιτηδεύμασιν ἐπιεικέσι ζῆν καὶ μήτʼ ἄκοντα μήθʼ ἑκόντα πράττειν τὰ φαῦλα, ταῦτα δὲ γίνοιτʼ ἂν βιουμένοις κατά τινα νοῦν καὶ τάξιν ὀρθήν, ἔχουσαν ἰσχύν· ἡ μὲν οὖν πατρικὴ πρόσταξις οὐκ ἔχει τὸ ἰσχυρὸν οὐδὲ τὸ ἀναγκαῖον, οὐδὲ δὴ ὅλως ἡ ἑνὸς ἀνδρός, μὴ βασιλέως ὄντος ἤ τινος τοιούτου· ὁ δὲ νόμος ἀναγκαστικὴν ἔχει δύναμιν, λόγος ὢν ἀπό τινος φρονήσεως καὶ νοῦ.
, then, as has been said, the one who is to be good must be well-trained and habituated, and then live in decent occupations and do nothing base either willingly or unwillingly, and if this would be possible for those who live according to some intellect and a right order that has force—now, the father's command does not have force or necessity, nor indeed does that of any single man in general, unless he is a king or someone of that sort; but the law has a compulsory power, being an argument that proceeds from some wisdom and intellect.
καὶ τῶν μὲν ἀνθρώπων ἐχθαίρουσι τοὺς ἐναντιουμένους ταῖς ὁρμαῖς, κἂν ὀρθῶς αὐτὸ δρῶσιν· ὁ δὲ νόμος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπαχθὴς τάττων τὸ ἐπιεικές.
And while people hate those who oppose their impulses, even if they do so rightly, the law is not burdensome when it ordains what is decent.
ἐν μόνῃ δὲ τῇ Λακεδαιμονίων πόλει ἢ μετʼ ὀλίγων ὁ νομοθέτης ἐπιμέλειαν δοκεῖ πεποιῆσθαι τροφῆς τε καὶ ἐπιτηδευμάτων· ἐν δὲ ταῖς πλείσταις τῶν πόλεων ἐξημέληται περὶ τῶν τοιούτων, καὶ ζῇ ἕκαστος ὡς βούλεται, κυκλωπικῶς θεμιστεύων παίδων ἠδʼ ἀλόχου.
But only in the Spartan state, or in a few others, does the legislator seem to have paid attention to training and occupations; in the majority of states, such matters are neglected, and each lives as he pleases, dealing out law to his children and wife in the manner of the Cyclopes.
κράτιστον μὲν οὖν τὸ γίνεσθαι κοινὴν ἐπιμέλειαν καὶ ὀρθὴν·
It is best, then, that there should be a common and right attention.
κοινῇ δʼ ἐξαμελουμένων ἑκάστῳ δόξειεν ἂν προσήκειν τοῖς σφετέροις τέκνοις καὶ φίλοις εἰς ἀρετὴν συμβάλλεσθαι, ἢ προαιρεῖσθαί γε.
But where it is neglected in common, it would seem to be appropriate for each individual to contribute to the virtue of his own children and friends, or at least to choose to do so.
μᾶλλον δʼ ἂν τοῦτο δύνασθαι δόξειεν ἐκ τῶν εἰρημένων νομοθετικὸς γενόμενος.
And it would seem from what has been said that he could do this better by becoming a legislator.
αἱ μὲν γὰρ κοιναὶ ἐπιμέλειαι δῆλον ὅτι διὰ νόμων γίνονται, ἐπιεικεῖς δʼ αἱ διὰ τῶν σπουδαίων· γεγραμμένων δʼ ἢ ἀγράφων, οὐδὲν ἂν δόξειε διαφέρειν, οὐδὲ διʼ ὧν εἷς ἢ πολλοὶ παιδευθήσονται, ὥσπερ οὐδʼ ἐπὶ μουσικῆς ἢ γυμναστικῆς καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἐπιτηδευμάτων.
For public attention is clearly brought about through laws, and decent attention through excellent laws, whether written or unwritten, which would seem to make no difference, nor whether one or many are to be educated through them, just as it makes no difference in music or gymnastics and other occupations.
ὥσπερ γὰρ ἐν ταῖς πόλεσιν ἐνισχύει τὰ νόμιμα καὶ τὰ ἤθη, οὕτω καὶ ἐν οἰκίαις οἱ πατρικοὶ λόγοι καὶ τὰ ἔθη, καὶ ἔτι μᾶλλον διὰ τὴν συγγένειαν καὶ τὰς εὐεργεσίας· προϋπάρχουσι γὰρ στέργοντες καὶ εὐπειθεῖς τῇ φύσει.
For just as in states legal customs and habits have force, so also in households do fatherly words and habits, and even more so because of kinship and benefits; for they pre-exist as loving and naturally obedient.
ἔτι δὲ καὶ διαφέρουσιν αἱ καθʼ ἕκαστον παιδεῖαι τῶν κοινῶν, ὥσπερ ἐπʼ ἰατρικῆς· καθόλου μὲν γὰρ τῷ πυρέττοντι συμφέρει ἡσυχία καὶ ἀσιτία, τινὶ δʼ ἴσως οὔ, ὅ τε πυκτικὸς ἴσως οὐ πᾶσι τὴν αὐτὴν μάχην περιτίθησιν.
Furthermore, individual educations differ from public ones, just as in medicine; for while generally quiet and fasting are beneficial to one with a fever, they might not be so to some particular person, and a boxing instructor perhaps does not impose the same style of fighting on everyone.
ἐξακριβοῦσθαι δὴ δόξειεν ἂν μᾶλλον τὸ καθʼ ἕκαστον ἰδίας τῆς ἐπιμελείας γινομένης· μᾶλλον γὰρ τοῦ προσφόρου τυγχάνει ἕκαστος.
It would seem, then, that individual cases are more accurately dealt with when the attention is private; for each is more likely to obtain what is suitable.
ἀλλʼ ἐπιμεληθείη μὲν ἂν ἄριστα καθʼ ἓν καὶ ἰατρὸς καὶ γυμναστὴς καὶ πᾶς ἄλλος ὁ καθόλου εἰδώς, τί πᾶσιν ἢ τοῖς τοιοισδί (τοῦ κοινοῦ γὰρ αἱ ἐπιστῆμαι λέγονταί τε καὶ εἰσίν)·
But an individual would be best cared for by a physician, a gymnastic trainer, or anyone else who knows the universal—what is good for all or for those of a certain kind (for sciences are said to be, and are, of the common).
οὐ μὴν ἀλλʼ ἑνός τινος οὐδὲν ἴσως κωλύει καλῶς ἐπιμεληθῆναι καὶ ἀνεπιστήμονα ὄντα, τεθεαμένον δʼ ἀκριβῶς τὰ συμβαίνοντα ἐφʼ ἑκάστῳ διʼ ἐμπειρίαν, καθάπερ καὶ ἰατροὶ ἔνιοι δοκοῦσιν ἑαυτῶν ἄριστοι εἶναι, ἑτέρῳ οὐδὲν ἂν δυνάμενοι ἐπαρκέσαι.
Nonetheless, there is perhaps nothing to prevent even one who is without science from caring well for a single person, if he has accurately observed what happens in each case through experience, just as some physicians seem to be the best doctors for themselves, though unable to help anyone else.
οὐδὲν δʼ ἧττον ἴσως τῷ γε βουλομένῳ τεχνικῷ γενέσθαι καὶ θεωρητικῷ ἐπὶ τὸ καθόλου βαδιστέον εἶναι δόξειεν ἄν, κἀκεῖνο γνωριστέον ὡς ἐνδέχεται· εἴρηται γὰρ ὅτι περὶ τοῦθʼ αἱ ἐπιστῆμαι.
Yet, perhaps no less, it would seem that one who wishes to become a master of an art and a theorist must proceed to the universal, and know that as far as possible; for it has been said that sciences are about this.
τάχα δὲ καὶ τῷ βουλομένῳ διʼ ἐπιμελείας βελτίους ποιεῖν, εἴτε πολλοὺς εἴτʼ ὀλίγους, νομοθετικῷ πειρατέον γενέσθαι, εἰ διὰ νόμων ἀγαθοὶ γενοίμεθʼ ἄν.
And perhaps also one who wishes to make others better through care, whether many or few, should try to become a legislator, if it is through laws that we might become good.
ὅντινα γὰρ οὖν καὶ τὸν προτεθέντα διαθεῖναι καλῶς οὐκ ἔστι τοῦ τυχόντος, ἀλλʼ εἴπερ τινός, τοῦ εἰδότος, ὥσπερ ἐπʼ ἰατρικῆς καὶ τῶν λοιπῶν ὧν ἔστιν ἐπιμέλειά τις καὶ φρόνησις.
For to put anyone, even the person proposed, into a good condition is not for just anyone, but if for anyone, for the one who knows, just as in medicine and the other arts where there is a certain care and wisdom.
ἆρʼ οὖν μετὰ τοῦτο ἐπισκεπτέον πόθεν ἢ πῶς νομοθετικὸς γένοιτʼ ἄν τις;
Should we then after this examine from what source or how one might become a legislator?