§1.10#2τούτων δʼ αὐτῶν αἱ τιμιώταται μονιμώτεραι διὰ τὸ μάλιστα καὶ συνεχέστατα καταζῆν ἐν αὐταῖς τοὺς μακαρίους· τοῦτο γὰρ ἔοικεν αἰτίῳ τοῦ μὴ γίνεσθαι περὶ αὐτὰς λήθην.
Of these themselves, the most honorable are the more permanent, because the blessed live their lives in them most of all and most continuously; for this seems to be the cause of their not being forgotten.
ὑπάρξει δὴ τὸ ζητούμενον τῷ εὐδαίμονι, καὶ ἔσται διὰ βίου τοιοῦτος· ἀεὶ γὰρ ἢ μάλιστα πάντων πράξει καὶ θεωρήσει τὰ κατʼ ἀρετήν, καὶ τὰς τύχας οἴσει κάλλιστα καὶ πάντῃ πάντως ἐμμελῶς ὅ γʼ ὡς ἀληθῶς ἀγαθὸς καὶ τετράγωνος ἄνευ ψόγου.
Thus, the quality sought will belong to the happy person, and they will be such throughout life; for they will always, or most of all, act and contemplate what is in accordance with virtue, and they will bear fortunes most beautifully and in every way harmoniously, they who are truly good and "four-square" without flaw.
πολλῶν δὲ γινομένων κατὰ τύχην καὶ διαφερόντων μεγέθει καὶ μικρότητι, τὰ μὲν μικρὰ τῶν εὐτυχημάτων, ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ τῶν ἀντικειμένων, δῆλον ὡς οὐ ποιεῖ ῥοπὴν τῆς ζωῆς, τὰ δὲ μεγάλα καὶ πολλὰ γινόμενα μὲν εὖ μακαριώτερον τὸν βίον ποιήσει (καὶ γὰρ αὐτὰ συνεπικοσμεῖν πέφυκεν, καὶ ἡ χρῆσις αὐτῶν καλὴ καὶ σπουδαία γίνεται), ἀνάπαλιν δὲ συμβαίνοντα θλίβει καὶ λυμαίνεται τὸ μακάριον· λύπας τε γὰρ ἐπιφέρει καὶ ἐμποδίζει πολλαῖς ἐνεργείαις.
But while many things happen by fortune, differing in greatness and smallness, it is clear that small pieces of good fortune, and similarly of their opposites, do not tilt the scale of life, but great and numerous things, if they turn out well, will make life more blessed (for they naturally help to adorn it, and the use of them becomes noble and serious), whereas if they happen conversely, they crush and mar the blessed state; for they bring pains and hinder many activities.
ὅμως δὲ καὶ ἐν τούτοις διαλάμπει τὸ καλόν, ἐπειδὰν φέρῃ τις εὐκόλως πολλὰς καὶ μεγάλας ἀτυχίας, μὴ διʼ ἀναλγησίαν, ἀλλὰ γεννάδας ὢν καὶ μεγαλόψυχος.
Yet even in these, nobility shines through, whenever someone bears many and great misfortunes calmly, not through insensibility, but because they are noble and great-souled.
εἰ δʼ εἰσὶν αἱ ἐνέργειαι κύριαι τῆς ζωῆς, καθάπερ εἴπομεν, οὐδεὶς ἂν γένοιτο τῶν μακαρίων ἄθλιος· οὐδέποτε γὰρ πράξει τὰ μισητὰ καὶ τὰ φαῦλα.
But if activities are decisive for life, as we said, no one among the blessed would ever become wretched; for they will never do what is hateful and base.
τὸν γὰρ ὡς ἀληθῶς ἀγαθὸν καὶ ἔμφρονα πάσας οἰόμεθα τὰς τύχας εὐσχημόνως φέρειν καὶ ἐκ τῶν ὑπαρχόντων ἀεὶ τὰ κάλλιστα πράττειν, καθάπερ καὶ στρατηγὸν ἀγαθὸν τῷ παρόντι στρατοπέδῳ χρῆσθαι πολεμικώτατα καὶ σκυτοτόμον ἐκ τῶν δοθέντων σκυτῶν κάλλιστον ὑπόδημα ποιεῖν· τὸν αὐτὸν δὲ τρόπον καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους τεχνίτας ἅπαντας.
For we think that the truly good and wise person bears all fortunes with dignity and always does the finest things from the resources at hand, just as a good general uses the army at hand in the most warlike way, and a shoemaker makes the finest shoe from the given leather; and in the same manner all other craftsmen as well.
εἰ δʼ οὕτως, ἄθλιος μὲν οὐδέποτε γένοιτʼ ἂν ὁ εὐδαίμων, οὐ μὴν μακάριός γε, ἂν Πριαμικαῖς τύχαις περιπέσῃ.
And if so, the happy person would never become wretched, though they would not, indeed, be blessed if they should meet with fortunes like Priam's.
οὐδὲ δὴ ποικίλος γε καὶ εὐμετάβολος· οὔτε γὰρ ἐκ τῆς εὐδαιμονίας κινηθήσεται ῥᾳδίως, οὐδʼ ὑπὸ τῶν τυχόντων ἀτυχημάτων ἀλλʼ ὑπὸ μεγάλων καὶ πολλῶν, ἔκ τε τῶν τοιούτων οὐκ ἂν γένοιτο πάλιν εὐδαίμων ἐν ὀλίγῳ χρόνῳ, ἀλλʼ εἴπερ, ἐν πολλῷ τινὶ καὶ τελείῳ, μεγάλων καὶ καλῶν ἐν αὐτῷ γενόμενος ἐπήβολος.
Nor indeed is he variegated and easily changeable; for he will not easily be dislodged from happiness, nor by ordinary misfortunes, but by great and numerous ones, and from such he would not become happy again in a short time, but, if at all, in a long and complete time, having become possessed of great and beautiful things in it.
τί οὖν κωλύει λέγειν εὐδαίμονα τὸν κατʼ ἀρετὴν τελείαν ἐνεργοῦντα καὶ τοῖς ἐκτὸς ἀγαθοῖς ἱκανῶς κεχορηγημένον μὴ τὸν τυχόντα χρόνον ἀλλὰ τέλειον βίον;
What then prevents us from calling happy the one who acts in accordance with complete virtue and is sufficiently equipped with external goods, not for any chance period but for a complete life?
ἢ προσθετέον καὶ βιωσόμενον οὕτω καὶ τελευτήσοντα κατὰ λόγον;
Or must we add "and who will live thus and die in accordance with reason"?
ἐπειδὴ τὸ μέλλον ἀφανὲς ἡμῖν ἐστίν, τὴν εὐδαιμονίαν δὲ τέλος καὶ τέλειον τίθεμεν πάντῃ πάντως.
Since the future is unapparent to us, and we posit happiness as an end and complete in every way.
εἰ δʼ οὕτω, μακαρίους ἐροῦμεν τῶν ζώντων οἷς ὑπάρχει καὶ ὑπάρξει τὰ λεχθέντα, μακαρίους δʼ ἀνθρώπους.
And if so, we shall call blessed those among the living to whom the stated things belong and will belong—but blessed as human beings.
καὶ περὶ μὲν τούτων ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον διωρίσθω.
And let these matters be defined up to this point.