§4.1Τὰ δὲ βαπτόμενα πάντα τὰς χρόας ἀπὸ τῶν βαπτόντων λαμβάνει.
All dyed things receive their colors from the dyeing agents.
Πολλὰ μὲν γὰρ τοῖς ἄνθεσι βάπτεται τοῖς φυομένοις, πολλὰ δὲ ῥίζαις, πολλὰ δὲ φλοιοῖς ἢ ξύλοις ἢ φύλλοις ἢ καρποῖς.
For many are dyed with wild flowers, many with roots, and many with barks, wood, leaves, or fruits.
Ἔτι δὲ πολλὰ μὲν γῇ, πολλὰ δ᾽ ἀφρῷ, πολλὰ δὲ καὶ μελαντηρίᾳ.
Furthermore, many are dyed with earth, many with foam, and many also with vitriol.
Τὰ δὲ καὶ τοῖς τῶν ζῴων χυλοῖς, καθάπερ καὶ τὸ ἁλουργὲς τῇ πορφύρᾳ.
Some are also dyed with the juices of animals, just as the marine purple color is dyed with the purple-fish.
§4.2Τὰ δὲ οἴνῳ, τὰ δὲ καπνῷ, τὰ δὲ κονίᾳ, τὰ δὲ θαλάττῃ, ὥσπερ τὰ τριχώματα τῶν θαλαττίων· καὶ γὰρ ταῦτα πάντα ὑπὸ τῆς θαλάττης γίγνονται πυρρά.
Others are dyed with wine, others with smoke, others with lye, and others with the sea, just as the hair of marine animals; for all these are turned reddish by the sea.
Καὶ ὅλως ὅσα χρόας ἰδίας ἔχει.
And in general, by everything that has its own proper color.
§4.3Ἀεὶ γὰρ ἀπὸ πάντων αὐτῶν, ἅμα τῷ τε ὑγρῷ καὶ θερμῷ τῶν χρωμάτων συνεισιόντων εἰς τοὺς τῶν βαπτομένων πόρους, ὅταν ἀποξηρανθῇ, τὰς ἀπ᾽ ἐκείνων χρόας λαμβάνει.
For always, from all of them, when the color-substances enter together with moisture and heat into the pores of the dyed things, once it dries, it receives the colors from them.
Διὸ καὶ πολλάκις αὐτῶν ἐκπλύνεται, τῶν ἀνθῶν ἐκ τῶν πόρων ἐκρυέντων.
Therefore, they are also often washed out when the dyes flow out of the pores.
§4.4Πολλὰς δὲ καὶ αἱ στύψεις ἐν τῇ βαφῇ ποιοῦσι διαφορὰς καὶ μίξεις, καὶ τὰ πάθη τῶν βαπτομένων, ὥσπερ καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς κράσεως εἴρηται πρότερον.
And the mordants in dyeing also produce many differences and mixtures, as well as the conditions of the dyed materials, just as was said before regarding the mixture of colors.
Βάπτεται δὲ καὶ τὰ μέλανα τῶν ἐρίων, οὐ μὴν ὁμοίως γε τῷ χρώματι γίγνεται λαμπρά, διὰ τὸ βάπτεσθαι τοὺς πόρους αὐτῶν εἰς τοὺς τῶν ἀνθῶν εἰσιόντας, τὰ δὲ μεταξὺ διαστήματα τῆς τριχὸς μηδεμίαν λαμβάνειν βαφήν.
Black wool is also dyed, but indeed it does not become similarly bright in color, because while the dyes enter into their pores, the intervening spaces of the hair receive no dye.
§4.5Ταῦτα λευκὰ μὲν ὄντα, καὶ παρ᾽ ἄλληλα κείμενα τοῖς χρῶμασι, ποιεῖ πάντα φαίνεσθαι τὰ ἄνθη λαμπρότερα· τὰ μέλανα δὲ τοὐναντίον σκιερὰ καὶ ζοφώδη.
When these spaces are white, lying adjacent to the colored parts, they make all the dyes appear brighter; but when black, on the contrary, they make them appear shadowy and dim.
Διὸ καὶ τὸ καλούμενον ὄρφνιον εὐανθέστερον γίνεται τῶν μελάνων ἢ τῶν λευκῶν· οὕτω γὰρ ἀκρατέστερον αὐτῶν φαίνεται τὸ ἄνθος, κεραννύμενον ταῖς τοῦ μέλανος αὐγαῖς.
Therefore, the color called dark brown becomes more beautiful on black wool than on white; for in this way its dye appears more subdued, being mixed with the rays of the black.
§4.6Καθ᾽ αὑτὸ μὲν γὰρ τὸ μεταξὺ διάστημα τῶν πόρων οὐχ ὁρᾶται διὰ σμικρότητα, καθάπερ οὐδὲ καττίτερος τῷ χαλκῷ κραθείς, οὐδὲ τῶν ἄλλων οὐθὲν τῶν τοιούτων.
For the intervening space between the pores is not seen by itself due to its smallness, just as tin mixed with bronze is not seen, nor anything else of such a kind.
Τῶν δὲ βαπτομένων τὰ χρώματα ἀλλοιοῦται διὰ τὰς εἰρημένας αἰτίας.
And the colors of dyed things are altered due to the reasons mentioned.