§3.9Ἐπὶ δὲ τῶν ἄλλων ὅσα σκιώδεις ἔχει τὰς χρόαςκαὶ λειότητος μετέχει, ὥσπερ τὸ ὕδωρ καὶ τὰ νέφη καὶ τὰπτερώματα τῶν ὀρνίθων· καὶ γὰρ ταῦτα διά τε τὴν λειότητα καὶ τὰς προσπιπτούσας αὐγάς, ἄλλοτε ἄλλως κεραννυμένας, ποιεῖ διαφόρους τὰς χρόας, καθάπερ καὶ τὸ σκότος. §3.10Τῶν δὲ χρωμάτων οὐδὲν ὁρῶμεν εἰλικρινὲς οἷόν ἐστιν, ἀλλὰ πάντα κεκραμένα ἐν ἑτέροις· καὶ γὰρ ἄν μηδενὶ τῶν ἄλλων, ταῖς γε τοῦ φωτὸς αὐγαῖς καὶ ταῖς σκιαῖς κεραννύμενα ἀλλοῖα, καὶ οὐχ οἷά ἐστι, φαίνεται. §3.11Διὸ καὶ τὰ ἐν σκιᾷ θεωρούμενα καὶ ἐν φωτὶ καὶ ἡλίῳ, καὶ σκληρᾷ αὐγῇ ἢ μαλακῇ, καὶ κατὰ τὰς ἐγκλίσεις οὕτως ἢ οὕτως ἕχοντι, καὶ κατὰ τὰς ἄλλας διαφοράς, ἀλλοῖα φαίνεται.
As for other things which have shaded colors and share in smoothness, such as water, clouds, and the plumage of birds; for these also, due to both their smoothness and the impinging rays mixing differently at different times, produce various colors, just as darkness does. But we see none of the colors pure as they are, but all mixed with others; for even if they are mixed with nothing else, at least by being mixed with the rays of light and shadows they appear different, and not as they are. Therefore things viewed in shadow, and in light and sun, and in hard or soft light, and according to their inclinations being thus or so, and according to other differences, appear different.
Καὶ ταῖς πρὸς τῷ πυρὶ καὶ τῇ σελήνῃ, καὶ ταῖς τῶν λύχνων αὐγαῖς, διὸ καὶ τὸ φῶς ἑκάστου τούτων ἀλλοιοτέραν ἔχει χρόαν. §3.12Καὶ τῇ πρὸς ἄλληλα δὲ μίξει τῶν χρωμάτων· δι᾽ ἀλλήλων γὰρ φερόμενα χρώζεται.
So too by the rays of fire and of the moon, and those of lamps; wherefore also the light of each of these has a different color. And also by the mutual mixture of colors; for traveling through one another they are colored.
Τὸ γὰρ φῶς ὅταν προσπεσὸν ὑπό τινων χρωσθῇ, καὶ γένηται φοινικιοῦν ἢ ποῶδες, καὶ τὸ ἀνακλασθὲν προσπέσῃ πρὸς ἕτερόν τι χρῶμα, πάλιν ὑπ᾽ ἐκείνου κεραννύμενον ἄλλην τινὰ λαμβάνει τοῦ χρώματος κρᾶσιν. §3.13Καὶ τοῦτο πάσχον συνεχῶς μὲν οὐκ αἰσθητῶς δὲ ἐνίοτε παραγίνεται πρὸς τὰς ὄψεις ἐκ πολλῶν μὲν κεκραμένον χρωμάτων, ἑνὸς δέ τινος τῶν μάλιστα ἐπικρατούντων ποιοῦν τὴν αἴσθησιν.
For when light, impinging, is colored by certain things and becomes crimson or grass-green, and the reflected light impinges upon some other color, being mixed again by that, it receives some other blend of color. And undergoing this continuously, it sometimes reaches our sight imperceptibly, mixed from many colors, yet producing the perception of the one that is most dominant.
Διὸ καὶ καθ᾽ ὕδατος ὑδατοειδῆ μᾶλλον φαίνεται, καὶ τὰ ἐν τοῖς κατόπτροις ὁμοίας ἔχοντα χρόας ταῖς τῶν κατόπτρων.
Therefore also things under water appear more water-colored, and those in mirrors have colors similar to those of the mirrors.
Ὂ καὶ περὶ τὸν ἀέρα οἰητέον συμβαίνειν. §3.14Ὤστε ἐκ τριῶν εἶναι τὰς χρόας ἁπάσας μεμιγμένας, τοῦ φωτός, καὶ δι᾽ ὦν φαίνεται τὸ φῶς, οἷον τοῦ τε ὕδατος καὶ τοῦ ἀέρος, καὶ τρίτου τῶν ὑποκειμένων χρωμάτων, ἀφ᾽ ὦν ἀνακλᾶσθαι συμβαίνει τὸ φῶς. §3.15Τὸ δὲ λευκὸν καὶ διαφανὲς ὅταν μὲν ἀραιὸν ᾖ σφόδρα, φαίνεται τῷ χρώματι ἀεροειδές· ἐπὶ δὲ τῶν πυκνῶν ἐπὶ πάντων ἐπιφαίνεταί τις ἀχλύς, καθάπερ ἐπὶ τοῦ ὕδατος καὶ ὑάλου καὶ τοῦ ἀέρος, ὅταν ᾖ παχύς.
Which we must think happens also regarding the air. So that all colors are mixed from three things: light, and that through which the light appears, such as water and air, and thirdly, the underlying colors from which the light happens to be reflected. But white and transparent, when it is very rare, appears in color like air; but on all dense things a certain mistiness appears on the surface, just as on water, glass, and air when it is thick.
Τῶν γὰρ αὐγῶν διὰ τὴν πυκνότητα πανταχόθεν ἐκλειπουσῶν, οὐ δυνάμεθα τὰ ἐντὸς αὐτῶν ἀκριβῶς διορᾶν. §3.16Ὀ δ᾽ ἀὴρ ἐγγύθεν μὲν θεωρούμενος οὐδὲν ἔχειν φαίνεται χρῶμα (διὰ γὰρ τὴν ἀραιότητα ὑπὸ τῶν αὐγῶν κρατεῖται, χωριζόμενος ὑπ᾽ αὐτῶν πυκνοτέρων οὐσῶν καὶ διαφαινομένων δι᾽ αὐτοῦ), ἐν βάθει δὲ θεωρουμένου, ἐγγυτάτω φαίνεται τῷ χρώματι κυανοειδὴς διὰ τὴν ἀραιότητα. §3.17῏Ηι γὰρ λείπει τὸ φῶς, ταύτῃ σκότῳ διειλημμένος φαίνεται κυανοειδής.
For because of the density, the rays being excluded from all sides, we cannot see clearly what is inside them. And air, when viewed from near, appears to have no color (for due to its rarity it is dominated by the rays, being separated by them as they are denser and shine through it), but when viewed in depth, it appears closest in color to dark blue because of its rarity. For where light is lacking, in this part, being interrupted by darkness, it appears dark blue.
Ἐπιπυκνωθεὶς δέ, καθάπερ καὶ τὸ ὕδωρ, πάντων λευκότατόν ἐστιν.
But when condensed, just like water, it is the whitest of all.