§5.1Τὰ δὲ τριχώματα καὶ τὰ πτερώματα καὶ τὰ ἄνθη καὶ οἱ καρποὶ καὶ τὰ φυτὰ πάντα ὅτι μὲν ἅμα τῇ πέψει πάσας τὰς τῶν χρωμάτων λαμβάνει μεταβολάς, φανερὸν ἐκ πολλῶν· τίνες δέ εἰσιν ἑκάστοις τῶν φυομένων ἀρχαὶ τῶν χρωμάτων, καὶ ποίας τὰς μεταβολὰς ἐκ ποίων λαμβάνουσι, καὶ δι᾽ ἂς αἰτίας ταῦτα πάσχει, κἂν εἴ τινας ἄλλας ἀπορίας αὐτοῖς συμβαίνει παρακολουθεῖν, περὶ πάντων τούτων ἐπισκεπτέον ἐκ τῶν τοιούτων. §5.2Ἐν πᾶσι δὴ τοῖς φυτοῖς ἀρχὴ τὸ ποῶδές ἐστι τῶν χρωμάτων· καὶ γὰρ οἱ βλαστοὶ καὶ τὰ φύλλα καὶ οἱ καρποὶ γίνονται κατ᾽ ἀρχὰς ποώδεις.
\nThat hair, feathers, flowers, fruits, and all plants receive all their changes of colors along with ripening is manifest from many examples; but what the principles of the colors are for each of the growing things, and what changes they receive from what, and through what causes they undergo these, and if any other difficulties happen to accompany them, about all these things we must investigate from such facts.\n\nIndeed, in all plants, the origin of the colors is the herbaceous color; for the shoots, leaves, and fruits are at first herbaceous.
Ἴδοι δ᾽ ἄν τις τοῦτο καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ὑομένων ὑδάτων· ὅπου ἂν πλείονα χρόνον συστῇ τὸ ὕδωρ, πάλιν ἀποξηραινόμενον γίνεται τῷ χρώματι ποῶδες. §5.3Κατὰ λόγον δὲ συμβαίνει καὶ τὸ πρῶτον ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς φυομένοις τοῦτο συνίστασθαι τῶν χρωμάτων.
One may see this also in the case of rainwaters; wherever water accumulates for a longer time, as it dries up again, it becomes herbaceous in color.\n\nAnd it happens reasonably that this color is the first to be formed in all growing things.
Τὰ γὰρ ὕδατα πάντα χρονιζόμενα κατ᾽ ἀρχὰς μὲν γίνεται χλωρά, κεραννύμενα ταῖς τοῦ ἡλίου αὐγαῖς, κατὰ μικρὸν δὲ μελαινόμενα, πάλιν μιγνύμενα τῷ χλωρῷ, γίνεται ποώδη. §5.4Τὸ γὰρ ὑγρόν, ὥσπερ εἴρηται, καθ᾽ ἑαυτὸ παλαιούμενον καὶ καταξηραινόμενον μελαίνεται, καθάπερ καὶ τὰ ἐν ταῖς δεξαμεναῖς κονιάματα· καὶ γὰρ τούτων ὅσα μέν ἐστιν ἀεὶ καθ᾽ ὕδατος, ταῦτα μὲν ἅπαντα γίγνεται μέλανα διὰ τὸ καθ᾽ αὑτὰ μὴ ξηραίνεσθαι διαψυχόμενον τὸ ὑγρόν, ὅσον δ᾽ ἀπαντλούμενον ἡλιοῦται, τὸ μὲν ποῶδες γίνεται διὰ τὸ τὸ ξανθὸν τῷ μέλανι κεράννυσθαι. §5.5Μᾶλλον μὲν οὖν τοῦ ὑγροῦ μελαινομένου τὸ ποῶδες γίνεται κατακορὲς ἰσχυρῶς καὶ πρασοειδές.
For all waters, when they remain for a long time, at first become pale green, being mixed with the rays of the sun, but gradually darkening and mixing again with the pale green, they become herbaceous.\n\nFor moisture, as has been said, when aging and drying up by itself, turns black, just like the plastering in reservoirs; for indeed, those parts of them which are always under water all become black because the cooled moisture does not dry up by itself, but as much as is drawn off and exposed to the sun becomes herbaceous because the yellow is mixed with the black.\n\nTherefore, as the moisture darkens more, the herbaceous color becomes strongly saturated and leek-green.
Διὸ καὶ πάντων οἱ παλαιοὶ βλαστοὶ πολὺ μᾶλλόν εἰσι τῶν νέων μέλανες· οἱ δὲ ξανθότεροι διὰ τὸ μήπω τὸ ὑγρὸν ἐν αὐτοῖς μελαίνεσθαι. §5.6Τῆς γὰρ αὐξήσεως αὐτῶν βραδυτέρας γιγνομένης, καὶ τῆς ὑγρασίας πολὺν χρόνον ἐμμενούσης, διὰ τὸ ψυχόμενον ἰσχυρῶς μελαίνεσθαι τὸ ὑγρόν, γίνεται πρασοειδὲς ἀκράτῳ τῷ μέλανι κεραννύμενον. §5.7Ἐν ὅσοις δὲ τὸ ὑγρὸν μὴ μίγνυται ταῖς τοῦ ἡλίου αὐγαῖς, τούτων διαμένει τὸ χρῶμα λευκόν, ἐὰν μὴ χρονιζόμενον καὶ καταξηραινόμενον μελανθῇ πρότερον.
For this reason also, the old shoots of all plants are much darker than the young ones; and the latter are more yellow because the moisture in them has not yet darkened.\n\nFor, since their growth becomes slower, and the moisture remains for a long time, because the cooled moisture darkens strongly, it becomes leek-green, being mixed with pure black.\n\nBut in those things where the moisture does not mix with the rays of the sun, their color remains white, unless by remaining for a long time and drying up it should darken beforehand.
Διὸ καὶ τὰ μὲν ὑπὲρ γῆς χλωρὰ πάντων τῶν φυομένων τὸ πρῶτόν ἐστι, τὰ δὲ κατὰ γῆς, καυλοὶ καὶ ῥίζαι λευκαί. §5.8Καὶ οἱ βλαστοὶ κατὰ γῆς μὲν ὄντες εἰσὶ λευκοί, περιαιρεθείσης δὲ τῆς γῆς τὸ μὲν ἐξ ἀρχῆς, ὡς προείρηται, πάντες γίγνονται ποιώδεις διὰ τὸ καὶ τὴν ὑγρασίαν τὴν διὰ τῶν βλαστῶν εἰς αὐτοὺς διηθουμένην τοιαύτην ἔχειν τὴν τοῦ χρώματος φύσιν, καὶ ταχέως αὐτὴν εἰς τὴν αὔξησιν καταναλίσκεσθαι τὴν τῶν καρπῶν·
Therefore, the parts of all growing things above the ground are pale green at first, while the parts under the ground, namely stalks and roots, are white.\n\nAnd the shoots, while they are under the earth, are white, but when the earth is removed, at first, as was said before, they all become herbaceous because the moisture filtered into them through the shoots has such a nature of color, and is quickly consumed for the growth of the fruits.
ὅταν δὲ μηκέτι αὐξάνωνται διὰ τὸ μὴ κρατεῖν ἤδη τὸ θερμὸν τῆς ἐπιρρεούσης τροφῆς, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὐναντίον ἀναλύηται τὸ ὑγρὸν ὑπὸ τῆς θερμότητος. §5.9Ὄταν δὲ πεπαίνωνται οἱ καρποὶ πάντες, καὶ τῆς ὑπαρχούσης ἐν αὐτοῖς ὑγρασίας συνεψομένης ὑπό τε τοῦ ἡλίου καὶ τῆς τοῦ ἀέρος θερμότητος ἕκαστοι ἀπολαμβάνουσι τὰς ἀπὸ τῶν φυτῶν χρόας, καθάπερ καὶ τὰ βαπτόμενα τῶν ἀνθῶν. §5.10Διὸ κατὰ μικρὸν χρώζονται, καὶ μάλιστα αὐτῶν τὰ πρὸς τὸν ἥλιον ἐστραμμένα καὶ τὴν ἀλέαν.
But when they no longer grow because the heat is no longer superior to the incoming nourishment, but on the contrary, the moisture is dissolved by the heat...\n\nAnd when all fruits ripen, and the moisture existing in them is co-cooked by both the sun and the heat of the air, each of them receives the colors from the plants, just as dyed things receive them from flowers.\n\nTherefore they are colored gradually, and especially those parts of them turned toward the sun and the warmth.
Ὤστε καὶ τὰς χρόας αὐτῶν ἅμα ταῖς ὥραις ἁπάντων μεταβάλλειν.
Consequently, the colors of all of them change along with the seasons.
Φανερὸν δὲ τοῦτο ἐστίν· οἱ γὰρ τοῦ ποώδους χρώματος ἅπαντες ἤδη πεπαινόμενοι μεταβάλλουσιν εἰς τὸ κατὰ φύσιν χρῶμα. §5.11Καὶ γὰρ λευκοὶ καὶ μέλανες καὶ φαιοὶ καὶ ξανθοὶ καὶ μελανοειδεῖς καὶ σκιοειδεῖς καὶ φοινικιοῖ καὶ οἰνωποὶ καὶ κροκοειδεῖς καὶ σχεδὸν ἁπάσας ἔχοντες γίγνονται τὰς τῶν χρωμάτων διαφοράς. §5.12Ἐπεὶ δὲ τὰ πλεῖστα γίνεται τῶν χρωμάτων πλειόνων κεραννυμένων ἀλλήλοις, φανερὸν ὅτι καὶ τὰς ἐν τοῖς φυτοῖς χρόας ἀνάγκη τὰς αὐτὰς ἔχειν κράσεις· διὰ γὰρ τούτων τὸ ὑγρὸν διηθούμενον, καὶ μεθ᾽ ἑαυτοῦ συνεκκλύζον, ἁπάσας λαμβάνει τὰς τῶν χρωμάτων δυνάμεις.
And this is manifest; for those that are of an herbaceous color all change, when ripening, into their natural color.\n\nFor they become white, black, gray, yellow, blackish, shadowy, crimson, wine-colored, saffron, and acquire almost all the differences of colors.\n\nAnd since most colors are produced by several being mixed with one another, it is manifest that the colors in plants must also have the same mixtures; for the moisture, being filtered through them and washing out the colors along with itself, receives all the powers of the colors.