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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §9.40.1-9.40.4

Unchastity of the Vestal Orbinia and the Plague

Passage 709 of 962 · Greek

Summary

After the inauguration of the new consuls, portents and a plague break out in Rome, which are revealed to be caused by the unchastity of the Vestal Virgin Orbinia. She and her accomplices are executed, whereupon the wrath of the gods is appeased and the plague ceases.

§9.40.1ἐπιστάντων δὲ τῶν ἀρχαιρεσίων ὕπατοι μὲν ἀπεδείχθησαν Λεύκιος Πινάριος καὶ Πόπλιος Φούριος.
When the elections drew near, Lucius Pinarius and Publius Furius were appointed consuls.
ἐν ἀρχῇ δὲ τοῦ ἔτους εὐθὺς ὀττείας τινὸς ἡ πόλις ἐπληρώθη καὶ φόβου δαιμονίου τεράτων τε καὶ σημείων πολλῶν γινομένων.
At the very beginning of the year, the city was filled with a certain ominous apprehension and a superstitious dread, as many portents and prodigies occurred.
καὶ οἵ τε μάντεις ἅπαντες καὶ οἱ τῶν ἱερῶν ἐξηγηταὶ χόλου δαιμόνων μηνύματα εἶναι τὰ γινόμενα ἀπέφαινον, ἱερῶν τινων οὐχ ὁσίως οὐδὲ καθαρῶς ἐπιτελουμένων.
And all the soothsayers and the interpreters of sacred rites declared that the events were signs of the wrath of the gods, because certain sacred rites were being performed in an unholy and impure manner.
§9.40.2καὶ μετʼ οὐ πολὺ νόσος ἐνέσκηψεν εἰς τὰς γυναῖκας ἡ καλουμένη λοιμική, καὶ θάνατος, ὅσος οὔπω πρότερον, μάλιστα δʼ εἰς τὰς ἐγκύμονας.
And not long afterward, a disease called pestilential fell upon the women, and death, such as had never been known before, fell especially upon those who were pregnant.
ὠμοτοκοῦσαί τε γὰρ καὶ νεκρὰ τίκτουσαι συναπέθνησκον τοῖς βρέφεσι, καὶ οὔτε λιτανεῖαι πρὸς ἕδεσι καὶ βωμοῖς γινόμεναι θεῶν, οὔτε καθαρτήριοι θυσίαι περί τε πόλεως καὶ οἴκων ἰδίων ἐπιτελούμεναι παῦλαν αὐταῖς ἔφερον τῶν κακῶν.
For miscarrying and bringing forth dead children, they died together with their infants, and neither the supplications made at the shrines and altars of the gods, nor the expiatory sacrifices performed on behalf of the city and private homes brought them any relief from their miseries.
§9.40.3ἐν τοιαύτῃ δὲ συμφορᾷ τῆς πόλεως οὔσης τοῖς ἐξηγηταῖς τῶν ἱερῶν γίνεται μήνυσις ὑπὸ δούλου τινός, ὅτι μία τῶν ἱεροποιῶν παρθένων τῶν φυλαττουσῶν τὸ ἀθάνατον πῦρ Ὀρβινία τὴν παρθενίαν ἀπολώλεκε καὶ τὰ ἱερὰ θύει τὰ τῆς πόλεως οὐκ οὖσα καθαρά.
While the city was in such a calamity, an information was given to the interpreters of sacred rites by a certain slave, that Orbinia, one of the vestal virgins who guarded the immortal fire, had lost her virginity and, not being pure, was performing the sacred rites of the city.
κἀκεῖνοι μεταστήσαντες αὐτὴν ἀπὸ τῶν ἱερῶν καὶ προθέντες δίκην, ἐπειδὴ καταφανὴς ἐγένετο ἐλεγχθεῖσα, ῥάβδοις τʼ ἐμαστίγωσαν καὶ πομπεύσαντες διὰ τῆς πόλεως ζῶσαν κατώρυξαν.
And they, having removed her from the sacred offices and brought her to trial, when her guilt was clearly proved, scourged her with rods, paraded her through the city, and buried her alive.
§9.40.4τῶν δὲ διαπραξαμένων τὴν ἀνοσίαν φθορὰν ὁ μὲν ἕτερος ἑαυτὸν διεχρήσατο, τὸν δʼ ἕτερον οἱ τῶν ἱερῶν ἐπίσκοποι συλλαβόντες ἐν ἀγορᾷ μάστιξιν αἰκισάμενοι καθάπερ ἀνδράποδον ἀπέκτειναν.
As for those who had accomplished this unholy defilement, one of them made away with himself, while the other was seized by the overseers of the sacred rites in the forum, scourged like a slave, and put to death.
ἡ μὲν οὖν νόσος ἡ κατασκήψασα εἰς τὰς γυναῖκας καὶ ὁ πολὺς αὐτῶν φθόρος μετὰ τοῦτο τὸ ἔργον εὐθὺς ἐπαύσατο.
Thus the disease that had fallen upon the women and their heavy mortality immediately ceased after this deed.

Notes

  1. §9.40.1ἐπιστάντων τῶν ἀρχαιρεσίων — Genitive absolute construction with an intransitive participle, expressing time: "when the elections drew near."
  2. §9.40.1ἱερῶν τινων οὐχ ὁσίως οὐδὲ καθαρῶς ἐπιτελουμένων — Genitive absolute construction with a passive participle, expressing the "cause/reason" for the judgment in the preceding clause (that these were signs of the wrath of the gods).
  3. §9.40.3οὐκ οὖσα καθαρά — Feminine singular nominative participle of the verb εἰμί, serving as a circumstantial participle to describe the state of the subject Orbinia in the dependent clause ("while not being pure").
  4. §9.40.4τῶν δὲ διαπραξαμένων τὴν ἀνοσίαν φθορὰν — A participle phrase in the partitive genitive placed at the beginning of the sentence for emphasis. This genitive indicates the whole group to which the subsequent subjects ("ὁ μὲν ἕτερος" and "tòn δʼ ἕτερον") belong.

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §9.40.1-9.40.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:9.40.1-9.40.4

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