Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §9.39.1-9.39.6
Resistance of Volero to the Levy and Civil Discord
Summary
Publius Volero resists enlistment as a common soldier and is ordered to be scourged by the consuls, but with the active support of the plebeians, he drives the consuls away. This incident escalates the conflict from land distribution to a struggle over the constitution, leaving the rest of the consulship without achievement.
§9.39.1ἀνήρ τις ἐκ τῶν δημοτικῶν τὰ πολέμια λαμπρός, Βολέρων Πόπλιος, ἡγεμονίαν ἐσχηκὼς λόχων ἐν ταῖς προτέραις στρατείαις, τότʼ ἀντὶ λοχαγοῦ στρατιώτης πρὸς αὐτῶν κατεγράφετο.
A certain man of the plebeians, illustrious in warfare, Publius Volero, who had held the command of companies in the former campaigns, was then being enrolled by them as a private soldier instead of a captain.
ὡς δʼ ἠναντιοῦτο καὶ οὐκ ἠξίου χώραν ἀτιμοτέραν λαβεῖν οὐδὲν ἡμαρτηκὼς ἐν ταῖς προτέραις στρατείαις, δυσανασχετοῦντες οἱ ὕπατοι τὴν παρρησίαν αὐτοῦ τοῖς ῥαβδούχοις ἐκέλευσαν τὴν ἐσθῆτά τε περικαταρρῆξαι καὶ ταῖς ῥάβδοις τὸ σῶμα ξαίνειν.
But when he opposed this and did not think it right to accept a more dishonorable post, having committed no fault in the former campaigns, the consuls, taking his frankness ill, ordered the lictors to tear off his clothes and scourge his body with rods.
§9.39.2ὁ δὲ νεανίας τούς τε δημάρχους ἐπεκαλεῖτο, καί, εἴ τι ἀδικεῖ, κρίσιν ἐπὶ τῶν δημοτῶν ὑπέχειν ἠξίου.
But the young man called upon the tribunes and, if he was doing any wrong, demanded to submit to a trial before the plebeians.
ὡς δʼ οὐ προσεῖχον αὐτῷ τὸν νοῦν οἱ ὕπατοι, ἀλλὰ τοῖς ῥαβδούχοις ἄγειν καὶ τύπτειν ἐπεκελεύοντο, οὐκ ἀνασχετὸν ἡγησάμενος εἶναι τὴν ὕβριν αὐτὸς ἑαυτῷ ταμίας τῆς δίκης γίνεται.
But when the consuls paid no attention to him, but urged the lictors to lead him away and beat him, thinking the insult intolerable, he himself became the administrator of his own justice.
§9.39.3τόν τε γὰρ πρῶτον προσελθόντα τῶν ῥαβδούχων παίων εἰς τὸ πρόσωπον ἐναντίαις πυγμαῖς νεανίας καὶ ἐρρωμένος ἀνὴρ ἀνατρέπει καὶ τὸν ἐπὶ τούτῳ.
For being a young and strong man, striking the first of the lictors who approached him in the face with straight blows, he knocked him down, and then the one after him.
ἀγανακτησάντων δὲ τῶν ὑπάτων καὶ πᾶσιν ἅμα τοῖς ὑπηρέταις προσελθεῖν κελευσάντων δεινόν τι τοῖς παροῦσι τῶν δημοτικῶν ἐφάνη· καὶ αὐτίκα συστραφέντες ἀθρόοι καὶ ἀναβοήσαντες τὸ παρακλητικὸν τῆς ἀλλήλων ὀργῆς τόν τε νεανίσκον ἐξήρπασαν καὶ τοὺς ῥαβδούχους ἀπέστησαν παίοντες καὶ τελευτῶντες ἐπὶ τοὺς ὑπάτους ὥρμησαν, καὶ εἰ μὴ καταλιπόντες ἐκεῖνοι τὴν ἀγορὰν ἔφυγον, §9.39.4ἀνήκεστον ἄν τι κακὸν ἐξειργάσαντο.
When the consuls were indignant and ordered all their attendants to advance upon him together, it seemed a terrible thing to the plebeians who were present; and immediately banding together in a crowd and raising a shout that incited one another's anger, they snatched away the young man, drove off the lictors with blows, and finally rushed upon the consuls; and if those men had not abandoned the forum and fled, they would have wrought some irremediable evil.
ἐκ δὲ τούτου διειστήκει πᾶσα ἡ πόλις, καὶ οἱ τέως ἡσυχάζοντες δήμαρχοι τότʼ ἠγριοῦντο καὶ τῶν ὑπάτων κατηγόρουν.
From this time the whole city was divided, and the tribunes, who till then had remained quiet, then became wild and accused the consuls.
περιειστήκει τε ἡ περὶ τῆς κληρουχίας στάσις εἰς ἕτερον μείζονα ὑπὲρ τοῦ κόσμου τῆς πολιτείας ἀγῶνα.
And the sedition concerning the distribution of land turned into another greater struggle for the constitution of the state.
οἱ μέν γε πατρίκιοι τοῖς ὑπάτοις ὡς καταλυομένης αὐτῶν τῆς ἐξουσίας συναγανακτοῦντες τὸν ἐπιβαλεῖν χεῖρας τοῖς ὑπηρέταις τολμήσαντα κατὰ §9.39.5κρημνοῦ βαλεῖν ἠξίουν.
For the patricians, sharing the indignation of the consuls on the ground that their authority was being destroyed, demanded that the man who had dared to lay hands on the attendants should be thrown down from the cliff.
οἱ δὲ δημοτικοὶ συστρέψαντες αὑτοὺς κατεβόων τε καὶ παρεκελεύοντο μὴ προδιδόναι σφῶν τὴν ἐλευθερίαν, ἀλλʼ ἐπὶ τὴν βουλὴν τὸ πρᾶγμα ἄγειν καὶ τῶν ὑπάτων κατηγορεῖν καὶ δίκης τινὸς παρʼ αὐτῶν ἠξίουν τυχεῖν, ὅτι τὸν ἐπικαλεσάμενον τὴν ἐκ τῶν δημάρχων βοήθειαν, καὶ ἐν τῷ δήμῳ κρίσιν ὑπέχειν, εἴ τι πλημμελεῖ, βουλόμενον, οὐδετέρου τυχεῖν εἴασαν τῶν δικαίων, ἀλλʼ ἐν ἀνδραπόδου μοίρᾳ τὸν ἐλεύθερον καὶ πολίτην ἔθεντο παίειν ἐπικελευόμενοι.
On the other hand, the plebeians, banding together, cried out and exhorted one another not to betray their liberty, but to bring the matter before the senate and accuse the consuls, and they demanded to obtain some satisfaction from them, because they had permitted neither of his rights to the man who had appealed to the assistance of the tribunes and who was willing to submit to trial before the people if he committed any offense, but had treated a free man and citizen as if he were a slave, ordering him to be beaten.
§9.39.6ἀντιτεταγμένων δὴ τούτων καὶ οὐδετέρων εἶξαι βουλομένων τοῖς ἑτέροις, ἅπας ὁ λοιπὸς τῆς ὑπατείας ἐκείνης ἐδαπανήθη χρόνος, οὔτε πολεμικαῖς πράξεσι κοσμηθεὶς καλαῖς οὔτε πολιτικαῖς λόγου ἀξίαις.
Thus, when these parties were arrayed against each other and neither side was willing to yield to the other, all the remaining time of that consulship was spent, being adorned neither with fine military achievements nor with political deeds worthy of mention.
Notes
- 1849κατεγράφετο — The imperfect tense of κατεγράφετο functions as a conative imperfect, indicating an attempt or ongoing process of enlistment ('was being enrolled') rather than a completed action.
- 1849οὐδὲν ἡμαρτηκὼς — The perfect participle ἡμαρτηκὼς accompanied by the adverbial accusative of negation οὐδέν expresses the cause or reason ('having committed no fault').
- 1850καὶ εἰ μὴ καταλιπόντες ἐκεῖνοι τὴν ἀγορὰν ἔφυγον, ἀνήκεστον ἄν τι κακὸν ἐξειργάσαντο — A past contrary-to-fact conditional sentence, with εἰ and the past indicative (ἔφυγον) in the protasis, and ἄν with the past indicative (ἐξειργάσαντο) in the apodosis.
- p.v.3p.344τὸν ἐπικαλεσάμενον ... βουλόμενον, οὐδετέρου τυχεῖν εἴασαν — This construction, introduced by ὅτι, features the verb εἴασαν taking a direct object in the accusative (the participles τὸν ἐπικαλεσάμενον and βουλόμενον referring to Volero) and the infinitive τυχεῖν.
Cite this passage
Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §9.39.1-9.39.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:9.39.1-9.39.6
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