§9.41.1ἡ δʼ ἐκ πολλοῦ χρόνου διαμένουσα ἐν τῇ πόλει στάσις, ἣν οἱ δημόται πρὸς τοὺς πατρικίους ἐστασίαζον, ἀνίστατο πάλιν.
The discord which had for a long time persisted in the city, which the plebeians waged against the patricians, arose once more.
ὁ δʼ ἐξεγείρων αὐτὴν δήμαρχος ἦν Πόπλιος Βολέρων, ὁ τῷ πρόσθεν ἐνιαυτῷ τοῖς περὶ Αἰμίλιόν τε καὶ Ἰούλιον ὑπάτοις ἀπειθήσας, ὅτʼ αὐτὸν ἀντὶ λοχαγοῦ στρατιώτην κατέγραφον, οὐ διʼ ἄλλο τι μᾶλλον ἀποδειχθεὶς ὑπὸ τῶν πενήτων τοῦ δήμου προστάτης — γένος τε γὰρ ἐκ τῶν ἐπιτυχόντων ἦν καὶ τεθραμμένος ἐν πολλῇ ταπεινότητι καὶ ἀπορίᾳ — ἀλλʼ ὅτι τὴν ἀρχὴν τῶν ὑπάτων βασιλικὸν ἔχουσαν ἀξίωμα τέως πρῶτος ἔδοξεν ἰδιώτης ἀνὴρ ἀπειθείᾳ ταπεινῶσαι, καὶ ἔτι μᾶλλον διὰ τὰς ὑποσχέσεις, ἃς ἐποιεῖτο μετιὼν τὴν ἀρχὴν κατὰ τῶν πατρικίων, §9.41.2ὡς ἀφαιρησόμενος αὐτῶν τὴν ἰσχύν.
The tribune who excited it was Publius Volero, the man who in the preceding year had disobeyed the consuls Aemilius and Julius when they were enrolling him as a common soldier instead of a centurion, having been chosen as leader by the poor of the plebeians for no other reason so much—for he was of common birth and brought up in great lowliness and poverty—but because he was thought to be the first private citizen who had ever humbled by his disobedience the consular authority, which hitherto possessed royal dignity, and still more because of the promises which he made when seeking the office against the patricians, that he would strip them of their power.
ὃς ἐπειδὴ τάχιστα ἐξεγένετο αὐτῷ λωφήσαντος τοῦ δαιμονίου χόλου τὰ πολιτικὰ πράττειν, συναγαγὼν τὸν δῆμον εἰς ἐκκλησίαν νόμον εἰσφέρει περὶ τῶν δημαρχικῶν ἀρχαιρεσίων, μετάγων αὐτὰ ἐκ τῆς φρατριακῆς ψηφοφορίας, ἣν οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι καλοῦσιν κουριᾶτιν, ἐπὶ τὴν φυλετικήν.
As soon as it became possible for him to engage in public affairs, the anger of the gods having subsided, he called the people to an assembly and introduced a law concerning the tribunician elections, transferring them from the voting by curiae, which the Romans call the Curiate assembly, to the voting by tribes.
τίς δὲ τούτων διαφορὰ τῶν ἀρχαιρεσίων, ἐγὼ σημανῶ.
What the difference between these elections is, I will now explain.
§9.41.3τὰς μὲν φρατριακὰς ψηφοφορίας ἔδει προβουλευσαμένης τῆς βουλῆς καὶ τοῦ πλήθους κατὰ φράτρας τὰς ψήφους ἐπενέγκαντος, καὶ μετʼ ἀμφότερα ταῦτα τῶν παρὰ τοῦ δαιμονίου σημείων τε καὶ οἰωνῶν μηδὲν ἐναντιωθέντων, τότε κυρίας εἶναι· τὰς δὲ φυλετικὰς μήτε προβουλεύματος γενομένου μήτε τῶν ἱερέων τε καὶ οἰωνοσκόπων ἐπιθεσπισάντων, ἐν ἡμέρᾳ μιᾷ τελεσθείσας ὑπὸ τῶν φυλετῶν τέλος ἔχειν.
For the Curiate votings had to be valid only when the senate had passed a preliminary decree and the multitude had cast their votes by curiae, and when after both of these procedures none of the signs or omens from heaven offered any opposition; whereas the tribal votings, without any preliminary decree of the senate and without the priests or augurs having delivered any prophecy, were completed in a single day by the tribesmen and had full validity.
καὶ ἦσαν ἐκ τῶν λοιπῶν τεττάρων δημάρχων οἱ συνεισφέροντες αὐτῷ δύο δήμαρχοι τὸν νόμον· οὓς προσεταιρισάμενος ἐλαττόνων ὄντων τῶν μὴ ταὐτὰ βουλομένων περιῆν.
And there were two among the remaining four tribunes who joined him in proposing the law; having gained their support, since those who did not desire the same things were fewer, he prevailed.
§9.41.4οἱ δʼ ὕπατοι καὶ ἡ βουλὴ καὶ πάντες οἱ πατρίκιοι κωλύειν ἐπεχείρουν τὸν νόμον· ἀφικόμενοί τε κατὰ πλῆθος εἰς τὴν ἀγοράν, ἐν ᾗ προεῖπον οἱ δήμαρχοι κυρώσειν τὸν νόμον ἡμέρᾳ, παντοδαποὺς διῆλθον λόγους, τῶν θʼ ὑπάτων καὶ τῶν πρεσβυτάτων ἐκ τῆς βουλῆς καὶ ἄλλου παντός, ὅτῳ βουλομένῳ ἦν, τὰς ἐνούσας ἐν τῷ νόμῳ διεξιόντος ἀτοπίας.
The consuls, the senate, and all the patricians attempted to hinder the law; coming in a great crowd into the forum on the day on which the tribunes had given notice that they would pass the law, they went through all kinds of speeches, with the consuls, the oldest members of the senate, and anyone else who wished, explaining the absurdities contained in the law.
ἀντιλεξάντων δὲ τῶν δημάρχων καὶ αὖθις τῶν ὑπάτων, καὶ μέχρι πολλοῦ τῆς ἁψιμαχίας τῶν λόγων ἐκμηκυνθείσης, ἐκείνην μὲν τὴν ἐκκλησίαν διέλυσεν εἰς νύκτα συγκλεισθεὶς ὁ χρόνος.
But when the tribunes spoke in opposition, and the consuls again in reply, and the skirmish of words was prolonged for a great while, that assembly was dissolved by the time being closed in by night.
προθέντων δὲ πάλιν τῶν δημάρχων εἰς τρίτην ἀγορὰν τὴν περὶ τοῦ νόμου διάγνωσιν, καὶ συνελθόντος ἔτι πλείονος εἰς αὐτὴν ὄχλου τὸ παραπλήσιον τῷ προτέρῳ §9.41.5συνέβη γενέσθαι πάθος.
And when the tribunes again appointed the determination of the law for the third market-day, and an even greater crowd assembled for it, a situation similar to the former happened to occur.
τοῦτο συνιδὼν ὁ Πόπλιος ἔγνω μήτε τοῖς ὑπάτοις ἐπιτρέπειν ἔτι τοῦ νόμου κατηγορεῖν μήτε πατρικίους ἐᾶν τῇ ψηφοφορίᾳ παρεῖναι· καθʼ ἑταιρείας γὰρ ἐκεῖνοι καὶ κατὰ συστροφὰς ἄμα τοῖς ἑαυτῶν πελάταις οὐκ ὀλίγοις οὖσι πολλὰ μέρη τῆς ἀγορᾶς κατεῖχον, ἐπικελεύοντές τε τοῖς κατηγοροῦσι τοῦ νόμου καὶ θορυβοῦντες τοὺς ἀπολογουμένους καὶ ἄλλα πολλὰ πράττοντες, ἀκοσμίας τε καὶ βίας τῆς ἐν ταῖς ψήφοις ἐχομένης μηνύματα.
Seeing this, Publius decided neither to permit the consuls to accuse the law any longer, nor to allow the patricians to be present at the voting; for they, by clubs and factions together with their clients, who were not few, occupied many parts of the forum, encouraging those who accused the law, shouting down those who defended it, and doing many other things which were indications of the disorder and violence attending the voting.