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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §9.24.1-9.24.4

Etruscan Occupation of the Janiculum and Horatius' Counterattack

Passage 693 of 962 · Greek

Summary

Upon hearing the news of the defeat, Rome falls into a great panic, but the Etruscans delay their pursuit by plundering, eventually occupying Mount Janiculum. Afterward, with the return of the other consul Horatius, the Romans mount a counter-offensive and secure victories near the temple of Hope and the Colline gate, bringing the year to an end.

§9.24.1οἱ δʼ ἐν τῇ Ῥώμῃ τήν τʼ ἀπώλειαν τῶν σφετέρων καὶ τὴν ἅλωσιν τοῦ χάρακος μαθόντες — ἧκον γὰρ οἱ πρῶτοι διασωθέντες ἐκ τῆς τροπῆς πολλῆς ἔτι νυκτὸς οὔσης — εἰς μέγαν θόρυβον ὥσπερ εἰκὸς κατέστησαν·
But those in Rome, having learned of the destruction of their men and the capture of the camp—for the first survivors from the rout had arrived while the night was still deep—fell into a great tumult, as was to be expected.
καὶ ὡς αὐτίκα δὴ μάλα τῶν πολεμίων ἐπὶ σφᾶς ἐλευσομένων ἁρπάσαντες τὰ ὅπλα, οἱ μὲν τὰ τείχη περιεστεφάνουν, οἱ δὲ πρὸ τῶν πυλῶν ἐτάξαντο, οἱ δὲ τὰ μετέωρα τῆς πόλεως κατελαμβάνοντο.
And thinking that the enemy would come upon them immediately, they snatched up their weapons; some surrounded the walls, others marshalled themselves before the gates, and still others occupied the high places of the city.
§9.24.2ἦν δὲ δρόμος ἄτακτος ἀνὰ τὴν πόλιν ὅλην καὶ βοὴ συμμιγής, καὶ ἐπὶ τοῖς τέγεσι τῶν οἴκων εἰς ἀλκὴν καὶ ἀγῶνα εὐτρεπὴς ὁ κατοικίδιος ὄχλος, πυρσοί τε συνεχεῖς, οἷα δὴ ἐν νυκτὶ καὶ σκοταίᾳ ταύτῃ, ὑπὸ λαμπάδων καὶ ἀπὸ τεγῶν τοσοῦτοι τὸ πλῆθος ᾔροντο, ὥστε συναφὲς εἶναι δοκεῖν τοῖς πρόσωθεν ὁρῶσι τὸ §9.24.3σέλας καὶ δόξαν ἐμπιμπραμένης πόλεως παρασχεῖν.
And there was disorderly running throughout the whole city and a mingled cry, and upon the roofs of the houses the domestic crowd was ready for defense and battle; and continuous flares, as was natural in such a dark night, were raised from the roofs by torches in such numbers that the glow seemed to those who watched from afar to be continuous, and gave the appearance of a burning city.
καὶ εἰ τότε οἱ Τυρρηνοὶ τῶν ἐκ τοῦ χάρακος ὠφελειῶν ὑπεριδόντες ἐκ ποδὸς τοῖς φεύγουσιν ἠκολούθησαν, ἅπασʼ ἂν διέφθαρτο ἡ στρατεύσασα ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς δύναμις, νῦν δὲ πρὸς ἁρπαγάς τε τῶν ἐγκαταλειφθέντων ἐν τῷ χάρακι τραπόμενοι καὶ ἀναπαύσει τὰ σώματα δόντες μεγάλου αὐχήματος ἑαυτοὺς ἐστέρησαν.
And if the Etruscans had then disregarded the spoils from the camp and followed close upon the heels of those who fled, the entire force that had marched against them would have been destroyed; but as it was, turning to the plunder of the things left behind in the camp and giving rest to their bodies, they deprived themselves of a great boast.
τῇ δʼ ἑξῆς ἡμέρᾳ τὰς δυνάμεις ἄγοντες ἐπὶ τὴν Ῥώμην καὶ σταδίους ἀμφὶ τοὺς ἑκκαίδεκα ἀποσχόντες ὄρος, ἐξ οὗ σύνοπτός ἐστιν ἡ Ῥώμη, τὸ καλούμενον Ἰάνικλον, καταλαμβάνονται, ὅθεν ὁρμώμενοι τὴν Ῥωμαίων χώραν ἦγόν τε καὶ ἔφερον ἀκώλυτοι κατὰ πολλὴν τῶν ἔνδον ὑπεροψίαν, μέχρι τοῦ παραγενέσθαι τὸν ἕτερον τῶν ὑπάτων Ὁράτιον ἄγοντα τὴν ἐν Οὐολούσκοις δύναμιν.
On the following day, leading their forces against Rome, they occupied the hill called Janiculum, about sixteen stades distant, from which Rome is visible; and starting from there, they plundered and ravaged the Roman territory without hindrance, in great contempt of those inside, until the arrival of Horatius, the other consul, bringing the force that was among the Volscians.
§9.24.4τότε δὴ ἐν τῷ ἀσφαλεῖ Ῥωμαῖοι νομίσαντες εἶναι καὶ τὴν ἐν τῇ πόλει νεότητα καθοπλίσαντες ἐξῆλθον εἰς τὴν ὕπαιθρον.
Then indeed the Romans, thinking themselves to be in safety and having armed the youth in the city, went out into the open country.
ὡς δὲ τήν τε πρώτην μάχην ἀπὸ σταδίων ὀκτὼ τῆς πόλεως ποιησάμενοι παρὰ τὸ τῆς Ἐλπίδος ἱερὸν ἐνίκησάν τε καὶ ἀπεώσαντο τοὺς ἀντιταξαμένους, καὶ μετὰ ταύτην αὖθις ἑτέρᾳ πλείονι δυνάμει τῶν Τυρρηνῶν ἐπελθόντων παρὰ ταῖς Κολλίναις καλουμέναις πύλαις λαμπρῶς ἠγωνίσαντο, ἀνέπνευσαν ἐκ τοῦ δέους, καὶ τὸ ἔτος τοῦτʼ ἐτελεύτα.
And having fought their first battle eight stades from the city near the temple of Hope, they were victorious and repulsed those drawn up against them; and when after this the Etruscans came on again with another larger force, they fought brilliantly near the gate called Collina, took breath from their fear, and this year came to an end.

Notes

  1. §9.24.1ὡς αὐτίκα δὴ μάλα τῶν πολεμίων ἐπὶ σφᾶς ἐλευσομένων — Genitive absolute with ὡς and the future participle ἐλευσομένων, expressing a subjective expectation or belief on the part of the subjects ("thinking that the enemy would come upon them immediately").
  2. §9.24.2τοσοῦτοι τὸ πλῆθος ᾔροντο — τὸ πλῆθος is an accusative of specification ("in respect of number"). The subject of the verb ᾔροντο is the preceding masculine noun conviction of πυρσοί ("torches"), meaning "they were raised in such great numbers."
  3. §9.24.3εἰ τότε οἱ Τυρρηνοὶ ... ἠκολούθησαν, ἅπασʼ ἂν διέφθαρτο — A past contrary-to-fact conditional sentence. The protasis consists of εἰ with the aorist indicative (ἠκολούθησαν), and the apodosis has ἄν with the pluperfect indicative (διέφθαρτο, expressing completed action in the past).
  4. §9.24.4ἑτέρᾳ πλείονι δυνάμει τῶν Τυρρηνῶν ἐπελθόντων — A genitive absolute construction (τῶν Τυρρηνῶν ἐπελθόντων) enclosing a dative of accompaniment or instrument (ἑτέρᾳ πλείονι δυνάμει), expressing a temporal background ("when the Etruscans came on again with another larger force").

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §9.24.1-9.24.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:9.24.1-9.24.4

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