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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §8.59.1-8.59.4

The Murder of Marcius and His Public Funeral

Passage 637 of 962 · Greek

Summary

Marcius is assaulted and killed by Tullus's faction as he ascends to make his defense, and the grieving people honor him with a grand public funeral.

§8.59.1ἀναβάντος δὲ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς ἐπὶ τὴν ἀπολογίαν βοή τε πολλὴ κωλύουσα τοὺς λόγους ἐκ τῆς ἑταιρίας τῆς περὶ τὸν Τύλλον ἐγίνετο· καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα “παῖε” καὶ “βάλλε” φωνοῦντες περιίστανται αὐτὸν οἱ θρασύτατοι καὶ συναράττοντες τοῖς λίθοις ἀποκτιννύουσιν.
But when the man ascended to make his defense, a great shout arose from the faction around Tullus, preventing his words; and after this, crying "Strike!" and "Throw!", the boldest men surrounded him and, pelting him with stones, killed him.
ἐρριμμένου δʼ αὐτοῦ χαμαὶ κατὰ τὴν ἀγορὰν οἵ τε παραγενόμενοι τῷ πάθει καὶ οἱ μετὰ ταῦτʼ ἤδη νεκροῦ ὄντος ἀφικόμενοι τόν τʼ ἄνδρα τῆς τύχης ὠδύροντο ὡς οὐ καλὰς εἰληφότα παρὰ σφῶν ἀμοιβάς, ἐπιλεγόμενοι πάντα ὅσα τὸ κοινὸν ὠφέλησε, καὶ τοὺς δράσαντας τὸν φόνον ἐπόθουν λαβεῖν ὡς ἀνόμου ἔργου καὶ ἀσυμφόρου ταῖς πόλεσιν ἄρξαντας, ἄνευ δίκης ἐν χειρῶν νόμῳ §8.59.2τινὰ ἀποκτεῖναι καὶ ταῦθʼ ἡγεμόνα.
When he had been cast down on the ground in the marketplace, both those who had been present at the disaster and those who arrived afterwards when he was already dead lamented the man's fortune, as having received no fair return from them, recounting all the benefits he had conferred on the state; and they longed to seize those who had committed the murder, as having begun an unlawful and, for the cities, disadvantageous deed—by killing someone, and that too a leader, without trial by force of arms instead of law.
μάλιστα δʼ ἠγανάκτουν οἱ ταῖς στρατείαις αὐτοῦ παραγενόμενοι, καὶ ἐπειδὴ ζῶντι αὐτῷ οὐχ ἱκανοὶ ἐγένοντο κωλυταὶ τῆς συμφορᾶς, τὰς μετὰ τὸν θάνατον ὀφειλομένας ἔγνωσαν ἀποδιδόναι χάριτας, συμφέροντες εἰς τὴν ἀγοράν, ὅσων ἔδει τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς ἀνδράσιν εἰς τὴν ἀναγκαίαν τιμήν.
And those who had been present on his campaigns were especially indignant, and since they had not been able to prevent the disaster while he was alive, they determined to render the gratitude due after death, bringing together to the marketplace as much of what was needed for brave men for their necessary honor.
§8.59.3ἐπειδὴ δὲ πάντʼ εὐτρέπιστο, θέντες ἐπὶ στρωμνῆς ἐκπρεπεστάτῳ ἠσκημένης κόσμῳ τὴν αὐτοκρατορικὴν ἔχοντα ἐσθῆτα, καὶ πρὸ τῆς κλίνης αὐτοῦ φέρεσθαι κελεύσαντες λάφυρά τε καὶ σκῦλα καὶ στεφάνους καὶ μνήμας ὧν εἷλε πόλεων, ἤραντο τὴν κλίνην οἱ λαμπρότατοι τῶν νέων ἐν τοῖς κατὰ πολέμους ἔργοις· καὶ κομίσαντες εἰς τὸ προάστειον, ὃ μάλιστα ἦν ἐπιφανές, ἔθεσαν ἐπὶ τὴν παρεσκευασμένην πυράν, συμπροπεμπούσης τὸ σῶμα τῆς πόλεως ὅλης μετʼ οἰμωγῆς τε καὶ §8.59.4δακρύων.
And when everything was prepared, having placed him, wearing his general's robe, upon a couch adorned with the most magnificent decoration, and having ordered spoils, trophies, crowns, and memorials of the cities he had captured to be carried before his bier, the most illustrious of the young men in deeds of war lifted the bier; and having carried it to the suburb which was most conspicuous, they placed it upon the prepared pyre, while the whole city escorted the body with wailing and tears.
ἔπειτα κατασφάξαντές τʼ αὐτῷ πολλὰ βοσκήματα καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἀπαρξάμενοι πάντων, ὅσων ἄνθρωποι βασιλεῦσιν ἢ στρατιᾶς ἡγεμόσιν ἐπὶ πυραῖς ἀπάρχονται, παρέμειναν οἱ μάλιστα τὸν ἄνδρα ἀσπαζόμενοι μέχρι τοῦ μαρανθῆναι τὴν φλόγα, κἄπειτα συναγαγόντες τὰ λείψανα ἔθαψαν ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ χωρίῳ χώματι ὑψηλῷ διὰ πολυχειρίας ἐργασθέντι μνῆμα ἐπίσημον ἐργασάμενοι.
Then, having slaughtered many beasts for him and offered first-fruits of all other things, as many as men offer on pyres to kings or military commanders, those who most cherished the man remained until the flame was extinguished, and then, collecting his remains, they buried them in the same place, making a conspicuous monument with a high mound of earth built by many hands.

Notes

  1. 8.59.1ἐν χειρῶν νόμῳ — An idiomatic expression meaning "by force of arms," "by physical violence," or "in hand-to-hand combat" (literally "in the law of hands"). It stands here in contrast to legal process (δίκης).
  2. 8.59.2τινὰ ἀποκτεῖναι καὶ ταῦθʼ ἡγεμόνα — This infinitive phrase functions as an appositive or explanatory infinitive explaining the specific content of the preceding clause `ὡς ἀνόμου ἔργου καὶ ἀσυμφόρου ταῖς πόλεσιν ἄρξαντας` ("as having begun an unlawful and disadvantageous deed for the cities"). The phrase `καὶ ταῦτα` is an idiomatic construction meaning "and that too," emphasizing the status of the victim as a "leader" (ἡγεμόνα).
  3. 8.59.4τῶν ἄλλων ἀπαρξάμενοι πάντων — The verb `ἀπάρχομαι` (to offer first-fruits, to make an offering) takes the genitive case for the things offered (`τῶν ἄλλων... πάντων`) and the dative case for the recipient (`αὐτῷ`, understood from the previous clause `κατασφάξαντές τʼ αὐτῷ`).

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §8.59.1-8.59.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:8.59.1-8.59.4

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