Humanitext Reader

Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §8.60.1-8.60.2

Assessment of Marcius's Virtues and Human Nature

Passage 638 of 962 · Greek

Summary

The author praises Marcius's exceptional abilities, virtues, and generosity, stating that he would have greatly advanced Rome had domestic discord not interfered, while concluding that human nature is limited and no one is perfect in every aspect.

§8.60.1Μάρκιος μὲν δὴ τοιαύτης καταστροφῆς ἔτυχεν, ἀνὴρ καὶ τὰ πολέμια ἄριστος τῶν καθʼ ἡλικίαν καὶ πρὸς ἁπάσας τὰς ἡδονάς, ὅσαι ἄρχουσι νέων, ἐγκρατής, τά τε δίκαια οὐκ ἀπὸ νόμου μᾶλλον ἀνάγκης διὰ τιμωριῶν δέος ἀκούσιος ἀποδιδούς, ἀλλʼ ἑκών τε καὶ πεφυκὼς πρὸς αὐτὰ εὖ, καὶ οὐδʼ ἐν ἀρετῆς μοίρᾳ τὸ μηθὲν ἀδικεῖν τιθέμενος, οὐ μόνον τʼ αὐτὸς ἁγνεύειν ἀπὸ πάσης κακίας προθυμούμενος, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους προσαναγκάζειν δικαιῶν·
Marcius, then, met with such an end, a man who was the best of his contemporaries in military affairs, and temperate against all the pleasures that rule over young men; rendering justice not reluctantly from the compulsion of law through fear of punishments, but both willingly and being naturally well-disposed toward it, and not even placing the doing of no injustice in the category of virtue, and not only desiring himself to keep pure from all vice, but also deeming it right to compel others to do so.
§8.60.2μεγαλόφρων τε καὶ δωρηματικὸς καὶ εἰς ἐπανόρθωσιν ὧν ἑκάστῳ δέοι τῶν φίλων, ὁπότε γνοίη, προχειρότατος, τά τε πολιτικὰ πράττειν οὐδενὸς χείρων τῶν ἀριστοκρατικῶν·
He was magnanimous and generous, and most ready for the relief of what each of his friends might need whenever he perceived it, and in conducting public affairs inferior to none of the aristocrats.
καὶ εἰ μὴ τὸ στασιάζον τῆς πόλεως ἐμποδὼν αὐτοῦ τοῖς πολιτεύμασιν ἐγένετο, μεγίστην ἂν ἡ Ῥωμαίων πόλις ἐπίδοσιν εἰς ἡγεμονίαν ἐκ τῶν ἐκείνου πολιτευμάτων ἔλαβεν.
And if the factional strife of the state had not stood in the way of his policies, the city of the Romans would have received the greatest advance toward hegemony from his policies.
ἀλλʼ οὐ γὰρ ἐν δυνατῷ ἦν ἅμα πάσας τὰς ἀρετὰς ἐν ἀνθρώπου γενέσθαι φύσει, οὐδὲ φύσεταί τις ἀπὸ θνητῶν καὶ ἐπικήρων σπερμάτων περὶ πάντʼ ἀγαθός.
But indeed it was not possible for all the virtues to exist at the same time in human nature, nor will anyone be born from mortal and perishable seeds who is good in all respects.

Notes

  1. p.v.3p.215οὐδʼ ἐν ἀρετῆς μοίρᾳ τὸ μηθὲν ἀδικεῖν τιθέμενος — The phrase 'not even placing the doing of no injustice in the category of virtue' implies that Marcius regarded merely refraining from doing harm (passive goodness) as a basic duty rather than a true excellence (virtue) to be praised.
  2. p.v.3p.215ὧν ἑκάστῳ δέοι — A construction where the impersonal verb δεῖ (here in the optative δέοι, indicating past repetition) takes a dative of the person who needs (ἑκάστῳ) and a genitive of the thing needed (the relative pronoun ὧν, with its antecedent omitted).
  3. p.v.3p.215ἀλλʼ οὐ γὰρ — An idiomatic expression used to dismiss the previous hypothetical conclusion ('Rome would have made the greatest advance') and introduce a realistic limitation, meaning 'But indeed (it was not so), for...'.

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §8.60.1-8.60.2. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:8.60.1-8.60.2

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