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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §8.2.1-8.2.5

Alliance with Tullus and Marcius's Stratagem

Passage 580 of 962 · Greek

Summary

Tullus welcomes Marcius and promises his alliance, and the two plan a war against Rome; however, Marcius proposes a stratagem to establish a just cause by exploiting upcoming games to trick the Romans into expelling the Volscians.

§8.2.1ἔτι δʼ αὐτοῦ ταῦτα λέγοντος ἐμβαλὼν τὴν δεξιὰν ὁ Τύλλος καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς ἑστίας ἀναστήσας θαρρεῖν τʼ αὐτὸν ἐκέλευσεν, ὡς μηδὲν ἀνάξιον τῆς ἰδίας ἀρετῆς πεισόμενον καὶ πολλὰς αὐτῷ χάριτας εἰδέναι τῆς πρὸς ἑαυτὸν ἀφίξεως ἔφη, τιμήν τινα οὐ μικρὰν εἶναι καὶ ταύτην ἀποφαινόμενος· Οὐολούσκους τʼ αὐτῷ πάντας ὑπισχνεῖτο ποιήσειν φίλους ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ τῆς ἑαυτοῦ πατρίδος· καὶ οὐδεμίαν ἐψεύσατο τῶν ὑποσχέσεων.
While he was still saying these things, Tullus, grasping his right hand and raising him from the hearth, bade him be of good courage, as one who would suffer nothing unworthy of his own virtue, and said he was deeply grateful to him for his arrival, declaring that this too was no small honor; and he promised that he would make all the Volscians friendly to him, beginning with his own country; and he did not break any of his promises.
§8.2.2χρόνου δέ τινος οὐ πολλοῦ διελθόντος βουλευομένοις τοῖς ἀνδράσι κατὰ σφᾶς, Μαρκίῳ τε καὶ Τύλλῳ, κινεῖν ἐδόκει τὸν πόλεμον.
Not long after this, when the men, Marcius and Tullus, deliberated by themselves, they resolved to stir up the war.
ὁ μὲν οὖν Τύλλος αὐτίκα μάλα ἐβούλετο πᾶσαν τὴν Οὐολούσκων δύναμιν παραλαβὼν ἐπὶ τὴν Ῥώμην χωρεῖν, ἕως ἐστασίαζέ τε καὶ ἡγεμόνας ἀπολέμους εἶχεν, ὁ δὲ Μάρκιος αἰτίαν πρῶτον ᾤετο δεῖν εὐσεβῆ καὶ δικαίαν ἐνστήσασθαι τοῦ πολέμου διδάσκων, ὡς ἁπάσαις μὲν πράξεσι θεοὶ συλλαμβάνουσι, μάλιστα δὲ ταῖς κατὰ πολέμους, ὅσῳ μείζους τέ εἰσι τῶν ἄλλων καὶ εἰς ἀδήλους φιλοῦσι κατασκήπτειν τύχας.
Tullus indeed wished immediately to take all the Volscian force and march against Rome, while it was in sedition and had leaders untrained in war; but Marcius thought they first ought to establish a pious and just cause for the war, teaching that the gods assist in all actions, and especially in those of war, in so far as these are greater than others and are accustomed to fall into unpredictable fortunes.
ἐτύγχανον δὲ τότε Ῥωμαίοις καὶ Οὐολούσκοις ἐκεχειρίαι τοῦ πολέμου καὶ ἀνοχαὶ πρὸς ἀλλήλους οὖσαι σπονδαί τε διετεῖς ὀλίγῳ πρότερον χρόνῳ γενόμεναι.
And it happened at that time that there was a truce and cessation of hostility between the Romans and the Volscians, and a two-year treaty made a little earlier.
§8.2.3ἐὰν μὲν οὖν ἀπερισκέπτως, ἔφη, καὶ διὰ τάχους τὸν πόλεμον ἐπιφέρῃς, τοῦ λελύσθαι τὰς σπονδὰς αἴτιος ἔσῃ καὶ τὸ δαιμόνιον οὐχ ἕξεις εὐμενές· ἐὰν δὲ περιμείνῃς, ἕως ἐκεῖνοι τοῦτο ποιήσωσιν, ἀμύνεσθαι δόξεις καὶ λελυμέναις σπονδαῖς βοηθεῖν.
"If, therefore," he said, "you bring on the war inconsiderately and with haste, you will be the cause of the treaty being broken and you will not have the favor of the deity; but if you wait until they do this, you will seem to be defending yourself and coming to the aid of a broken treaty.
ὅπως δʼ ἂν τοῦτο γένοιτο, καὶ ὅπως ἂν ἐκεῖνοι μὲν ἄρξειαν παρασπονδεῖν, ἡμεῖς δὲ δόξαιμεν ὅσιον καὶ δίκαιον ἐπιφέρειν τὸν πόλεμον, ἐγὼ σὺν πολλῇ φροντίδι ἀνεύρηκα.
How this might happen, and how they might be the first to violate the treaty, while we might seem to bring a holy and just war, I have found out with much thought.
δεῖ δʼ ὑφʼ ἡμῶν αὐτοὺς ἐξαπατηθέντας ἄρξαι τῆς παρανομίας. §8.2.4ὁ δὲ τρόπος τῆς ἐξαπάτης, ὃν ἐγὼ τέως μὲν ἀπόρρητον ἐφύλαττον ἀναμένων τὸν οἰκεῖον αὐτοῦ καιρόν, νῦν δὲ σοῦ σπουδάζοντος ἔργου ἔχεσθαι θᾶττον ἐκφέρειν εἰς μέσον ἀναγκάζομαι, τοιόσδε ἐστίν· θυσίας ἐπιτελεῖν Ῥωμαῖοι μέλλουσι καὶ ἀγῶνας ἄγειν ἀπὸ πολλῶν χρημάτων σφόδρα λαμπρούς, ἀφίξονταί τε κατὰ θέαν ἐπὶ τούτους πολλοὶ τῶν ξένων. §8.2.5τοῦτον ἀναμείνας τὸν χρόνον ἴθι καὶ σὺ καὶ Οὐολούσκων ὅσους δύνασαι πλείστους παρασκεύασον ἐλθεῖν ἐπὶ τὴν θέαν· ὅταν δʼ ἐν τῇ πόλει γένῃ, τῶν ἀναγκαιοτάτων τινά σοι φίλων κέλευσον ἐλθεῖν ὡς τοὺς ὑπάτους καὶ διʼ ἀπορρήτων εἰπεῖν, ὅτι μέλλουσιν ἐπιτίθεσθαι τῇ πόλει Οὐολοῦσκοι νύκτωρ, καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦθʼ ἥκουσι τὸ ἔργον ἀθρόοι.
It is necessary that they, being deceived by us, begin the lawlessness." "The method of the deception, which I was keeping secret until now, waiting for its proper opportunity, but now, since you are eager to set to work, I am forced to bring out into the open sooner, is as follows: The Romans are about to perform sacrifices and hold games very splendidly from much money, and many of the foreigners will arrive to view these." "Waiting for this time, go also you, and prepare as many Volscians as possible to come to the spectacle; and when you are in the city, order some of your closest friends to go to the consuls and say in secret that the Volscians are about to attack the city by night, and have come in a body for this purpose.
εὖ γὰρ ἴσθι, ὡς εἰ τοῦτʼ ἀκούσειαν οὐδὲν ἔτι ἐνδοιάσαντες ἐκβαλοῦσιν ὑμᾶς ἐκ τῆς πόλεως καὶ παρέξουσιν ἀφορμὴν δικαίας ὀργῆς.
For know well, that if they should hear this, they will, without hesitating any longer, cast you out of the city and provide a pretext for just anger."

Notes

  1. §8.2.2ὅσῳ μείζους τέ εἰσι τῶν ἄλλων — The subject of the adjective μείζους (and the verb εἰσι) is the preceding ταῖς κατὰ πολέμους (implied ταῖς κατὰ πολέμους πράξεσι, "actions of war"). Although it is grammatically possible to take θεοί (gods) as the subject, the feminine plural nominative μείζους agreeing with the feminine noun πράξεις, and the subsequent description "accustomed to fall into unpredictable fortunes" which fits military actions, make πράξεις the most natural subject.
  2. §8.2.3ὅπως δʼ ἂν τοῦτο γένοιτο — The combination of the conjunction ὅπως with the particle ἄν and the optative (γένοιτο) represents a potential optative ("how this might/could happen") in an indirect question introduced by the verb ἀνεύρηκα in the main clause. This is a typical usage where the potential optative with ἄν is retained in indirect discourse.
  3. §8.2.5εἰ τοῦτʼ ἀκούσειαν ... ἐκβαλοῦσιν — This is a mixed conditional sentence with the protasis in the optative (εἰ + ἀκούσειαν) and the apodosis in the future indicative (ἐκβαλοῦσιν, παρέξουσιν). While the condition is presented as a hypothetical possibility ("if they should hear this"), the future indicative in the apodosis is chosen to emphasize the absolute certainty and vividness of the resulting consequence.

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §8.2.1-8.2.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:8.2.1-8.2.5

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