§6.86.1ἔοικέ πως ἀνθρωπείῳ σώματι πόλις.
In some way, a state resembles a human body.
σύνθετον γὰρ καὶ ἐκ πολλῶν μερῶν ἐστιν ἑκάτερον· καὶ οὔτε δύναμιν ἔχει ἕκαστον τὴν αὐτὴν τῶν ἐν αὐτοῖς μερῶν οὔτε χρείας παρέχεται τὰς ἴσας.
For each of the two is composite and made up of many parts; and each of the parts within them has neither the same power nor provides equal usefulness.
§6.86.2εἰ δὴ λάβοι τὰ μέρη τοῦ ἀνθρωπείου σώματος ἰδίαν αἴσθησιν καθʼ αὑτὰ καὶ φωνήν, ἔπειτα στάσις ἐν αὐτοῖς ἐμπέσοι καθʼ ἓν γενομένοις τοῖς ἄλλοις ἅπασι πρὸς τὴν γαστέρα μόνην, καὶ λέγοιεν οἱ μὲν πόδες, ὅτι πᾶν ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς ἐπίκειται τὸ σῶμα· αἱ δὲ χεῖρες, ὅτι τὰς τέχνας ἐργάζονται καὶ τἀπιτήδεια ἐκπορίζουσι καὶ μάχονται πολεμίοις καὶ ἄλλα πολλὰ ὠφελήματα παρέχουσιν εἰς τὸ κοινόν· οἱ δὲ ὦμοι, ὅτι τὰ ἄχθη πάντα ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς κομίζεται· τὸ δὲ στόμα ὅτι φθέγγεται· ἡ δὲ κεφαλή, ὅτι ὁρᾷ καὶ ἀκούει καὶ τὰς ἄλλας αἰσθήσεις περιλαβοῦσα πάσας ἔχει, διʼ ὧν σώζεται τὸ πρᾶγμα· εἶτα φαῖεν πρὸς τὴν γαστέρα· σὺ δʼ, ὦ χρηστή, τί τούτων ποιεῖς ἢ τίς ἐστιν ἡ σὴ χάρις ἡμῖν καὶ ὠφέλεια;
If indeed the parts of the human body should receive their own individual sensation and voice, and then a faction should fall upon them, all the other parts having united as one against the belly alone, and the feet should say that the whole body lies upon them; and the hands that they work the crafts, procure the necessities, fight the enemies, and provide many other benefits for the common good; and the shoulders that all the burdens are carried upon them; and the mouth that it speaks; and the head that it sees and hears and, embracing all the other senses, possesses them, through which the whole system is saved; and then they should say to the belly: "But you, O good lady, what of these things do you do, or what is your favor and benefit to us?
ἀλλὰ σύ γε τοσοῦτον ἀπέχεις τοῦ πράττειν καὶ συγκατορθοῦν ἡμῖν τι τῶν κοινῇ χρησίμων, ὥστε καὶ ἀντιπράττεις καὶ ἐνοχλεῖς καί, πρᾶγμα ἀφόρητον, ὑπηρετεῖν ἀναγκάζεις καὶ φέρειν ἁπανταχόθεν εἰς τὴν ἐκπλήρωσιν τῶν σεαυτῆς ἐπιθυμιῶν. §6.86.3φέρε, τί οὐ μεταποιούμεθα τῆς ἐλευθερίας, καὶ τῶν πολλῶν ἀφιέμεθα πραγματειῶν, ἃς ἕνεκα ταύτης ὑπομένομεν; εἰ δὴ ταῦτα δόξειεν αὐτοῖς καὶ μηδὲν ἔτι δρῴη τὸ ἑαυτοῦ ἔργον, ἔσθʼ ὅπως ἂν ἐπὶ τὸ πολὺ διαρκέσαι δυνηθείη τὸ σῶμα, ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἂν ἐντὸς ὀλίγων ἡμερῶν τῷ κακίστῳ τῶν μόρων ἀναλωθείη, λιμῷ;
Indeed, you are so far from doing or accomplishing with us any of the things useful for the common good, that you even oppose and trouble us, and—an unbearable thing— you force us to minister and to bring from everywhere to the fulfillment of your own desires." "Come, why do we not lay claim to our freedom, and rid ourselves of the many troubles which we endure for her sake?" If indeed they should decide upon this and no longer perform any of their own work, is there any way that the body could last for long, and not rather within a few days be consumed by the worst of fates, hunger?
οὐκ ἂν ἔχοι ἄλλως τις εἰπεῖν.
One could not say otherwise.
§6.86.4τὸν αὐτὸν δὴ τρόπον ὑπολάβετε καὶ περὶ πόλεως.
Understand in the very same way also concerning a state.
πολλὰ γὰρ δὴ τὰ συμπληροῦντα καὶ ταύτην ἔθνη καὶ οὐδὲν ἀλλήλοις ἐοικότα, ὧν ἕκαστον ἰδίαν τινὰ τῷ κοινῷ χρείαν ὥσπερ τὰ μέλη τῷ σώματι παρέχεται.
For indeed there are many classes that fill this up and are not at all like one another, each of which provides some particular use to the common good, just as the parts do to the body.
οἱ μὲν γὰρ τοὺς ἀγροὺς γεωργοῦσιν, οἱ δὲ μάχονται περὶ αὐτῶν πρὸς τοὺς πολεμίους, οἱ δʼ ἐμπορεύονται πολλὰς διὰ θαλάσσης ὠφελείας, οἱ δὲ τὰς ἀναγκαίας ἐργάζονται τέχνας.
For some cultivate the fields, others fight for them against the enemies, others import many benefits through the sea, and others work the necessary crafts.
εἰ δὲ πάντα τὰ ἔθνη ταῦτα πρὸς τὴν βουλὴν τὴν ἐκ τῶν ἀρίστων συνηγμένην διαστασιάσειε καὶ λέγοι· σὺ δʼ ἡμῖν, ὦ βουλή, τί ποιεῖς ἀγαθὸν καὶ ἀντὶ ποίας αἰτίας ἄρχειν τῶν ἄλλων ἀξιοῖς;
And if all these classes should rebel against the senate assembled from the best men, and say: "But you, O senate, what good do you do for us, and for what reason do you claim to rule over the others?
οὐθὲν γὰρ ἂν εἰπεῖν ἔχοις· ἔπειτʼ οὐκ ἀπαλλαγησόμεθά σου τῆς τυραννίδος ταύτης ἤδη ποτὲ καὶ δίχʼ §6.86.5ἡγεμόνος οἰκήσομεν; εἰ δὴ ταῦτα διανοηθέντες τῶν συνήθων ἐπιτηδευμάτων ἀποσταῖεν, τί κωλύσει ταύτην κακὴν κακῶς ἀπολέσθαι τὴν πόλιν ὑπὸ λιμοῦ τε καὶ πολέμου καὶ παντὸς ἄλλου κακοῦ;
For you would have nothing to say; and then shall we not rid ourselves of this tyranny of yours at once, and henceforth dwell without a leader?" If indeed they, thinking these things, should withdraw from their customary occupations, what will prevent this state from perishing miserably and in a miserable way by hunger, war, and every other evil?
μαθόντες οὖν, ὦ δημόται, ὅτι καθάπερ ἐν τοῖς σώμασιν ἡμῶν ἡ λοιδορουμένη κακῶς ὑπὸ τῶν πολλῶν γαστὴρ τρέφει τὸ σῶμα τρεφομένη καὶ σώζει σωζομένη, καὶ ἔστιν ὡσεί τις ἑστίασις κοινὴ τὸ πρόσφορον ἁπάντων καὶ τῆς διαλλαγῆς αἴτιον ἀποδιδοῦσα, οὕτως ἐν ταῖς πόλεσιν ἡ διοικοῦσα τὰ κοινὰ καὶ τοῦ προσήκοντος ἑκάστῳ προνοουμένη βουλὴ πάντα σώζει καὶ φυλάττει καὶ ἐπανορθοῖ, παύσασθε τὰς ἐπιφθόνους κατʼ αὐτῆς φωνὰς λέγοντες, ὡς ἐξεβλήθητε τῆς πατρίδος καὶ ὡς ἀλῆται καὶ πτωχοὶ περιέρχεσθε διʼ αὐτήν.
Therefore, O citizens, having learned that just as in our bodies the belly, though badly abused by the many parts, nourishes the body while being nourished and saves it while being saved, and is as it were a common feast distributing what is suitable to all and being the cause of reconciliation, so in states the senate, which administers the common affairs and provides for what is fitting for each, saves, guards, and corrects all things, cease speaking envious words against it, saying that you were cast out of your fatherland and that you go about as wanderers and beggars because of it.
οὐδὲν γὰρ ὑμᾶς εἴργασται δεινὸν οὐδʼ ἂν ἐργάσαιτο, ἀλλʼ αὐτὴ καλεῖ καὶ ἀντιβολεῖ καὶ τὰς ψυχὰς ὑμῖν ἅμα ταῖς πύλαις ἀναπετάσασα ὑποδέχεται.
For it has done you no harm, nor would it do so, but it calls and entreats you, and having thrown open its soul together with the gates, it receives you.