Humanitext Reader

Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §6.7.1-6.7.4

Postumius on the Unity of Rome and Weakness of the Latins

Passage 413 of 962 · Greek

Summary

Aulus Postumius encourages his soldiers by emphasizing their mutual trust and common upbringing, warning of the terrible fate of enslavement and death if they lose, and pointing out that the Latin alliance is far weaker and more disorganized than previously feared.

§6.7.1πρῶτον μὲν τὸ παρʼ ἀλλήλων πιστόν, οὗ μάλιστα δεῖ τοῖς μέλλουσι τῶν ἐχθρῶν κρατήσειν.
First, mutual trust, which is most necessary for those who are about to overcome their enemies.
οὐ γὰρ ἀρξαμένους ὑμᾶς τήμερον ἀλλήλοις εἶναι βεβαίους φίλους δεῖ καὶ πιστοὺς συμμάχους, ἀλλʼ ἡ πατρὶς ἐκ πολλοῦ τοῦθʼ ἅπασι παρεσκεύακε τἀγαθόν.
For it is not today that you must begin to be steadfast friends and faithful allies to one another, but our fatherland has long prepared this good thing for all of you.
καὶ γὰρ ἐτράφητε ὁμοῦ καὶ παιδείας ἐτύχετε κοινῆς καὶ θεοῖς ἐπὶ τῶν αὐτῶν βωμῶν ἐθύετε καὶ πολλῶν μὲν ἀγαθῶν ἀπολελαύκατε, πολλῶν δὲ κακῶν πεπείρασθε κοινῇ, ἐξ ὧν ἰσχυραὶ καὶ ἀδιάλυτοι πεφύκασι συγκεράννυσθαι πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις φιλίαι·
Indeed, you were brought up together, received a common education, sacrificed to the gods upon the same altars, enjoyed many blessings, and experienced many evils together; and from these, strong and indissoluble friendships are naturally fused in all men.
ἔπειτα δʼ ὁ περὶ τῶν μεγίστων κοινὸς ἅπασιν ὑπάρχων ἀγών.
Second, the contest that exists in common for all regarding the greatest matters.
§6.7.2εἰ γὰρ ὑποχείριοι γενήσεσθε τοῖς ἐχθροῖς, οὐχὶ τοῖς μὲν ὑμῶν ὑπάρξει μηδενὸς πειραθῆναι δεινοῦ, τοῖς δὲ τὰ ἔσχατα παθεῖν, ἀλλὰ τὸ μὲν ἀξίωμα καὶ τὴν ἡγεμονίαν καὶ τὴν ἐλευθερίαν ἅπασιν ὁμοίως ἀπολωλεκέναι, καὶ μήτε γυναικῶν μήτε παίδων μήτʼ οὐσίας μήτʼ ἄλλου τινὸς ὧν ἔχετε ἀπολαύσειν ἀγαθῶν, τοῖς δʼ ἡγουμένοις τῆς πόλεως καὶ τὰ κοινὰ διοικοῦσι τὸν οἴκτιστον μόρον ἀποθανεῖν σὺν αἰκίαις καὶ βασάνοις.
For if you fall into the hands of your enemies, it will not be that some of you will experience no dread while others suffer the worst, but rather that honor, leadership, and freedom will be lost to all alike, and you will enjoy neither wives, nor children, nor property, nor any other of the blessings you possess, while those who lead the city and administer public affairs will die the most pitiable death with outrages and tortures.
§6.7.3ὅπου γὰρ οὐδὲν πεπονθότες ὑφʼ ἡμῶν κακὸν οὔτε μεῖζον οὔτʼ ἔλαττον πολλὰ καὶ παντοδαπὰ ἐξύβρισαν εἰς ὑμᾶς ἅπαντας, τί χρὴ προσδοκᾶν ποιήσειν αὐτούς, ἂν νῦν κρατήσωσι τοῖς ὅπλοις, μνησικακοῦντας, ὅτι τῆς πόλεως μὲν αὐτοὺς ἀπεστήσατε καὶ τὰς οὐσίας ἀφείλεσθε καὶ οὐδʼ §6.7.4ἐπιβῆναι τῆς πατρῴας γῆς ἐᾶτε;
For when they, having suffered no evil, great or small, from us, committed many and varied outrages against you all, what must we expect them to do if they should now prevail by arms, nursing a grudge because you drove them from the city, deprived them of their properties, and do not even permit them to set foot on their ancestral land?
τελευταῖον δὲ τῶν εἰρημένων οὐδενὸς ἑτέρου φήσαιτʼ ἂν εἶναι πλεονεκτημάτων ἔλασσον, ἐὰν ὀρθῶς σκοπῆτε, τὸ μὴ τοιαῦτα ἡμῖν ἀπηντῆσθαι παρὰ τῶν πολεμίων, οἷα ὑπελάβομεν, ἀλλὰ πολλῷ τῆς δόξης ἐνδεέστερα.
Finally, of all the advantages mentioned, you would say, if you consider it rightly, that none is less than this: that we have not met with such a force from the enemy as we expected, but one far inferior to our estimation.
ἔξω γὰρ τῆς Ἀντιατῶν ἐπικουρίας οὐδένας ἄλλους ὁρᾶτε κοινωνοὺς παρόντας αὐτοῖς τοῦ πολέμου·
For except for the assistance of the Antiatess, you see no others present with them as partners in the war.
ἡμεῖς δʼ ἅπαντας Οὐολούσκους ἥξειν αὐτοῖς ὑπελαμβάνομεν συμμάχους καὶ Σαβίνων τε καὶ Ἑρνίκων συχνοὺς καὶ μυρίους ἄλλους διὰ κενῆς ἀνεπλάττομεν ἡμῖν αὐτοῖς φόβους.
We, however, assumed that all the Volscians would come to them as allies, and imagined many of the Sabines and Hernicians, and ten thousand others, creating empty fears for ourselves.
πάντα δʼ ἦν ἄρα ταῦτα Λατίνων ὀνείρατα, ὑποσχέσεις ἔχοντα κενὰς καὶ ἐλπίδας ἀτελεῖς.
But all these things turned out to be the dreams of the Latins, containing empty promises and unfulfilled hopes.
οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἐγκαταλελοίπασιν αὐτῶν τὴν ἐπικουρίαν καταφρονήσαντες τῶν στρατηγῶν ἐπὶ τῆς στρατολογίας, οἱ δὲ μελλήσουσι μᾶλλον ἢ βοηθήσουσι τρίβοντες ἐν ταῖς ἐλπίσι τὸν χρόνον, οἱ δὲ νῦν ὄντες ἐν παρασκευαῖς ὑστερήσαντες τῆς μάχης οὐδὲν ἔτι αὐτοῖς χρήσιμοι γενήσονται.
For some of them have abandoned their assistance, having despised their generals at the time of enlistment; others will delay rather than help, wasting time in hopes; and others, who are now making preparations, having arrived too late for the battle, will no longer be of any use to them.

Notes

  1. 6.7.1οὗ μάλιστα δεῖ τοῖς μέλλουσι τῶν ἐχθρῶν κρατήσειν — The genitive relative pronoun οὗ refers to the antecedent τὸ ... πιστόν and is governed by the impersonal verb δεῖ, which takes a genitive of the thing needed and a dative of the person needing (τοῖς μέλλουσι). τῶν ἐχθρῶν is the objective genitive governed by the infinitive κρατήσειν.
  2. 6.7.1ἀρξαμένους ὑμᾶς — The accusative pronoun ὑμᾶς is the subject accusative of the infinitive εἶναι governed by δεῖ, and ἀρξαμένους is an aorist middle participle agreeing with it.
  3. 6.7.2ἀλλὰ τὸ μὲν ἀξίωμα... — In contrast to οὐχὶ τοῖς μὲν ... ("it will not be that..."), the conjunction ἀλλά introduces a series of infinitives: ἀπολωλεκέναι, ἀπολαύσειν, and ἀποθανεῖν. These infinitives function as the subjects of the preceding impersonal verb ὑπάρξει (meaning "it will result that..."), or as infinitives of result describing the overall consequence of defeat.
  4. 6.7.3μνησικακοῦντας — A present active participle agreeing with the accusative pronoun αὐτούς, which is the subject of the infinitive ποιήσειν in the direct object clause of προσδοκᾶν. The following ὅτι clause expresses the ground or cause of their grudge.

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §6.7.1-6.7.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:6.7.1-6.7.4

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.