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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §6.6.1-6.6.3

Speech of Dictator Postumius to His Soldiers Before Battle

Passage 412 of 962 · Greek

Summary

As both the Latin and Roman forces prepare for battle, the Roman dictator addresses his army, aiming to dispel their fear by emphasizing divine support and the unjust nature of the enemy's cause.

§6.6.1ὡς δʼ εἰς χεῖρας ἥξειν ἔμελλον, οἵ τε τῶν Λατίνων στρατηγοὶ συγκαλέσαντες τοὺς σφετέρους πολλὰ εἰς τὸ ἀνδρεῖον ἐπαγωγὰ καὶ δεήσεις τῶν στρατιωτῶν μακρὰς διεξῆλθον, ὅ τε Ῥωμαῖος ὀρρωδοῦντας ὁρῶν τοὺς σφετέρους, ὅτι πλήθει συνοίσονται μακρῷ προὔχοντι τοῦ σφετέρου, ἐξελέσθαι τὸ δέος αὐτῶν ἐκ τῆς διανοίας βουλόμενος συνεκάλεσεν εἰς ἐκκλησίαν·
When they were about to come to blows, the generals of the Latins, having called together their own forces, went through many inducements to bravery and long appeals to the soldiers; and the Roman dictator, seeing his own men filled with dread because they were going to clash with a multitude far exceeding their own, wished to banish this fear from their minds and called them to an assembly.
καὶ παραστησάμενος τοὺς πρεσβυτάτους τῶν ἐκ τοῦ βουλευτικοῦ συνεδρίου καὶ τιμιωτάτους ἔλεξε τοιάδε· §6.6.2θεοὶ μὲν ἡμῖν ὑπισχνοῦνται διʼ οἰωνῶν τε καὶ σφαγίων καὶ τῆς ἄλλης μαντικῆς ἐλευθερίαν τῇ πόλει παρέξειν καὶ νίκην εὐτυχῆ, ἀμοιβάς τε ἡμῖν ἀποδιδόντες ἀγαθάς, ἀνθʼ ὧν αὐτοὺς σέβοντες καὶ τὰ δίκαια ἀσκοῦντες ἐν παντὶ τῷ βίῳ διετελέσαμεν, καὶ τοῖς ἐχθροῖς ἡμῶν νεμεσῶντες κατὰ τὸ εἰκός, ὅτι πολλὰ καὶ μεγάλα πεπονθότες ὑφʼ ἡμῶν ἀγαθὰ συγγενεῖς τε ὄντες καὶ φίλοι καὶ τοὺς αὐτοὺς ὀμωμοκότες ἕξειν ἐχθροὺς καὶ φίλους, ἁπάντων ὑπεριδόντες τούτων πόλεμον ἐπιφέρουσιν ἡμῖν ἄδικον, οὐχ ὑπὲρ ἀρχῆς καὶ δυναστείας, ὁποτέρους ἡμῶν μᾶλλον αὐτὴν ἔχειν προσῆκεν·
Then, having placed beside him the oldest and most honored of the members of the senate, he spoke as follows: "The gods indeed promise us, through both omens and sacrifices and other kinds of divination, to provide freedom to the city and a fortunate victory, rendering to us good rewards in return for our having constantly honored them and practiced justice throughout our entire lives, and, as is natural, being angry with our enemies.
ἧττον γὰρ ἂν ἦν δεινόν· ἀλλʼ ὑπὲρ τῆς Ταρκυνίων τυραννίδος, ἵνα δούλην ἀντʼ ἐλευθέρας τὴν πόλιν αὐτοῖς ποιήσωσι.
For though they have received many great benefits from us, and are kinsmen and friends, and have sworn to hold the same enemies and friends, they have despised all these things and are bringing an unjust war upon us—not for the sake of empire and dominion, as to which of us two it is more fitting to possess it (for that would have been less terrible), but for the sake of the tyranny of the Tarquins, so that they may make our city enslaved instead of free.
§6.6.3χρὴ δὲ καὶ ὑμᾶς, ἄνδρες λοχαγοί τε καὶ στρατιῶται, μαθόντας, ὅτι συμμάχους ἔχετε τοὺς θεούς, οἵπερ αἰεὶ τὴν πόλιν σώζουσιν, ἄνδρας ἀγαθοὺς γενέσθαι περὶ τόνδε τὸν ἀγῶνα·
"Therefore, officers and soldiers, you too, having learned that you have as allies the gods who always preserve our city, must prove yourselves brave men in this contest.
ἐπισταμένους, ὅτι τῆς παρὰ θεῶν βοηθείας ὑπάρχει τυγχάνειν τοῖς γενναίως ἀγωνιζομένοις καὶ πάντα τὰ παρʼ ἑαυτοῖς εἰς τὸ νικᾶν πρόθυμα παρεχομένοις, οὐ τοῖς φεύγουσιν ἐκ τῶν κινδύνων, ἀλλὰ τοῖς βουλομένοις ὑπὲρ ἑαυτῶν ταλαιπωρεῖν.
Know that the help of the gods is available to those who fight nobly and display everything in their power with eagerness for victory, not to those who flee from danger, but to those who are willing to toil on their own behalf.
ὑπάρχει δʼ ἡμῖν πολλὰ μὲν καὶ ἄλλα πλεονεκτήματα πρὸς τὸ νικᾶν ὑπὸ τῆς τύχης παρεσκευασμένα, τρία δὲ πάντων κάλλιστα καὶ φανερώτατα.
And many other advantages indeed have been prepared for us by fortune toward victory, but three of all are the finest and most manifest."

Notes

  1. §6.6.1ὅτι πλήθει συνοίσονται μακρῷ προὔχοντι τοῦ σφετέρου — The future middle verb `συνοίσονται` (from `συμφέρω`, here meaning "to clash with") takes the dative object `πλήθει`. The dative participle `προὔχοντι` (from `προέχω`, "to surpass") is followed by the genitive of comparison `τοῦ σφετέρου` ("their own [multitude]").
  2. §6.6.2ἀνθʼ ὧν αὐτοὺς σέβοντες καὶ τὰ δίκαια ἀσκοῦντες ἐν παντὶ τῷ βίῳ διετελέσαμεν — The phrase `ἀνθ' ὧν` represents `ἀντὶ τούτων ἅ` through relative attraction. Additionally, the verb `διατελέω` governs the supplementary participles `σέβοντες` and `ἀσκοῦντες` to idiomatically express continuous action ("continually/constantly doing").
  3. §6.6.2οὐχ ὑπὲρ ἀρχῆς καὶ δυναστείας, ὁποτέρους ἡμῶν μᾶλλον αὐτὴν ἔχειν προσῆκεν· — The indirect question clause `ὁποτέρους... προσῆκεν` ("which of us two it was fitting to hold it") functions in apposition to the preceding nouns `ἀρχῆς καὶ δυναστείας` ("empire and dominion"), where the pronoun `αὐτήν` refers back to `ἀρχήν` (or the dominion as a whole).

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §6.6.1-6.6.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:6.6.1-6.6.3

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