Humanitext Reader

Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §6.8.1-6.8.3

Exhortation that Virtue Outweighs Numbers in War

Passage 414 of 962 · Greek

Summary

The speaker addresses those who fear the enemy's numbers, pointing out that the majority of the enemy are forced to fight and that virtue, not numbers, brings victory, while encouraging them by recalling their own strength and past triumphs.

§6.8.1εἰ δέ τινες ὑμῶν ταῦτα μὲν ὀρθῶς εἰρῆσθαι νομίζουσιν, ὀρρωδοῦσι δὲ τὸ τῶν ἀντιπολεμίων πλῆθος, βραχείᾳ διδαχῇ μαθέτωσαν τὰ μὴ δεινὰ δεδιότες, μᾶλλον δʼ ἀναμνήσει·
But if some of you think that these things have been spoken correctly, yet fear the multitude of the enemy, let them learn, through a brief instruction, or rather through recollection, that they are fearing what is not to be feared.
πρῶτον μὲν ἐνθυμηθέντες, ὅτι πλεῖόν ἐστιν ἐν αὐτοῖς τὸ ἠναγκασμένον τὰ ὅπλα καθʼ ἡμῶν ἀναλαβεῖν, ὡς ἐκ πολλῶν ἡμῖν ἔργων τε καὶ λόγων ἐδήλωσε, τὸ δʼ ἑκούσιόν τε καὶ ἐκ προθυμίας ὑπὲρ τῶν τυράννων ἀγωνιζόμενον πάνυ ὀλίγον, μᾶλλον δὲ πολλοστὸν μέρος τι τοῦ ἡμετέρου·
First, by reflecting that the part among them which has been compelled to take up arms against us is greater—as has been shown to us by many deeds and words—whereas the part fighting voluntarily and with enthusiasm on behalf of the tyrants is very small, or rather a tiny fraction of our own force.
ἔπειθʼ ὅτι τοὺς πολέμους ἅπαντας οὐχ οἱ πλείους τοῖς ἀριθμοῖς κατορθοῦσιν, ἀλλʼ οἱ κρείττους ἀρετῇ.
Second, that it is not those who are greater in numbers that bring all wars to a successful conclusion, but those who are superior in virtue.
§6.8.2πολὺ ἂν ἔργον εἴη παραδείγματα φέρειν, ὅσα βαρβάρων τε καὶ Ἑλλήνων στρατεύματα ὑπερβαλόντα πλήθει μικραὶ πάνυ κατηγωνίσαντο δυνάμεις, οὕτως ὥστε μηδὲ πιστοὺς εἶναι τοῖς πολλοῖς τοὺς περὶ αὐτῶν λόγους.
It would be a great task to bring forward examples of how many armies of both barbarians and Greeks, though surpassing in multitude, were defeated by very small forces, so that the accounts concerning them are not even believed by the majority of people.
ἐῶ τἆλλα· ἀλλʼ ὑμεῖς αὐτοὶ πόσους κατωρθώκατε πολέμους μετʼ ἐλάττονος ἢ ὅσης νῦν ἔχετε δυνάμεως μείζοσιν ἢ τοσαύταις παρασκευαῖς πολεμίων ἀντιταχθέντες;
I pass over other things; but you yourselves, how many wars have you brought to a successful conclusion with a smaller force than you now have, when drawn up against enemy preparations as great or greater than these?
φέρε, ἀλλὰ τοῖς μὲν ἄλλοις φοβεροὶ διατελεῖτε ὄντες ὧν ἐκρατεῖτε μαχόμενοι, Λατίνοις δʼ ἄρα τούτοις καὶ τοῖς συμμάχοις αὐτῶν Οὐολούσκοις εὐκαταφρόνητοι, διὰ τὸ μὴ πειραθῆναί ποτε αὐτοὺς τῆς ὑμετέρας μάχης;
Come, are you then continually fearsome to the others whom you overcame in battle, but easy to be despised by these Latins and their allies, the Volscians, because they have never made trial of your battle?
ἀλλὰ πάντες ἴστε, ὅτι ταῦτʼ ἀμφότερα τὰ ἔθνη πολλαῖς ἐνίκων μάχαις οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν.
Nay, you all know that our fathers defeated both of these nations in many battles.
§6.8.3ἆρʼ οὖν λόγον ἔχει τὰ μὲν τῶν κρατηθέντων πράγματα ἐπὶ ταῖς τοιαύταις συμφοραῖς κρείττονα εἶναι, τὰ δὲ τῶν κεκρατηκότων ἐπὶ ταῖς τηλικαύταις εὐπραγίαις χείρονα;
Is it then reasonable that the affairs of the conquered should be better in the face of such disasters, while those of the conquerors should be worse in the face of such great successes?
καὶ τίς ἂν τοῦτο φήσειε νοῦν ἔχων;
And who with any sense would say this?
θαυμάσαιμι δʼ ἄν, εἴ τις ὑμῶν τὸ μὲν τῶν πολεμίων πλῆθος, ἐν ᾧ βραχὺ τὸ γενναῖόν ἐστιν, ὀρρωδεῖ, τῆς δʼ οἰκείας δυνάμεως οὕτω πολλῆς καὶ ἀγαθῆς οὔσης καταφρονεῖ, ἧς οὔτʼ ἀρετῇ κρείττων οὔτʼ ἀριθμῷ πλείων συνηνέχθη ποτὲ ἡμῖν ἐν οὐδενὶ τῶν πρὸ τούτου πολέμων δύναμις.
But I should wonder if any of you fears the multitude of the enemy, in which there is little that is noble, but despises our own force, which is so great and excellent, than which no force either superior in virtue or greater in number has ever confronted us in any of the wars before this.

Notes

  1. 6.8.1μαθέτωσαν τὰ μὴ δεινὰ δεδιότες — The verb of perceiving/knowing μανθάνω (imperative μαθέτωσαν) takes a participle (δεδιότες, perfect participle of δέδοικα 'to fear') to mean 'to realize/know that they are doing something'. The negative μὴ with the articular adjective τὰ δεινά generalizes the concept as 'things not to be feared'.
  2. 6.8.2ὅσα... ὑπερβαλόντα πλήθει... κατηγωνίσαντο δυνάμεις — The clause introduced by the relative pronoun ὅσα functions as a noun clause in apposition to or explaining the main noun παραδείγματα. The participle ὑπερβαλόντα (aorist active participle of ὑπερβάλλω), modifying the subject στρατεύματα, has a concessive meaning ('although they surpassed').
  3. 6.8.3ἧς — The relative pronoun ἧς is genitive feminine singular, referring to the antecedent τῆς οἰκείας δυνάμεως (our own force). This genitive functions as a genitive of comparison governed by the comparative adjectives κρείττων (superior) and πλείων (greater).

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §6.8.1-6.8.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:6.8.1-6.8.3

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