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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §6.31.1-6.31.3

Sabine Night Attack and Servilius' Counterstrike

Passage 437 of 962 · Greek

Summary

While Roman dissension is temporarily suspended by festivals, the Sabines launch a night attack but are detected due to a disturbance caused by looting. A Roman force led by Servilius counterattacks, repelling the Sabines and capturing conspirators inside the city.

§6.31.1ἐν τοιαύταις δʼ ἀκαταστασίαις τῆς πόλεως οὔσης ἐκεχειρία τις ἐν τῷ διὰ μέσου γενομένη θυσιῶν πατρίων ἕνεκα καὶ πανηγύρεις ἐπιλαβοῦσαι λαμπραὶ ταῖς δαπάναις ἐπέσχον τὴν ἐν τῷ παρόντι τοῦ πλήθους διχοστασίαν.
While the city was in such a state of disturbance, a certain truce arising in the interim for the sake of ancestral sacrifices and subsequent festivals, splendid in their expenses, checked the present dissension of the multitude.
ἑορτάζουσι δʼ αὐτοῖς ἐπιτίθενται πολλῇ δυνάμει Σαβῖνοι τοῦτον ἐκ πολλοῦ φυλάξαντες τὸν χρόνον, ἀρχομένης ἔτι νυκτὸς ποιησάμενοι τὴν ἐπίθεσιν, ἵνα πρὶν αἰσθέσθαι τοὺς ἔνδον ἐπὶ τῇ πόλει γένωνται· καὶ ῥᾷστα ἂν ἐκράτησαν αὐτῶν, εἰ μὴ τῶν ψιλῶν τινες ἀποσχισθέντες τῆς φάλαγγος, αὐλαῖς ἐπιβάλλοντες ἁρπαγῆς ἕνεκα θόρυβον εἰργάσαντο.
And as they were celebrating the festival, the Sabines attacked them with a large force, having watched for this time for a long while, having made the attack while the night was still beginning, in order that they might arrive at the city before those inside should perceive them; and they would have conquered them most easily, if certain of the light-armed troops, having separated themselves from the phalanx, had not created a tumult by falling upon the farmyards for the sake of plunder.
§6.31.2βοή τε γὰρ εὐθὺς ἐγένετο καὶ δρόμος τῶν γεωργῶν εἰς τὸ τεῖχος, πρὶν ἢ ταῖς πύλαις τοὺς πολεμίους προσελθεῖν.
For immediately a shout arose and a rush of the husbandmen to the wall, before the enemy approached the gates.
ὡς δʼ ἔγνωσαν αὐτῶν τὴν ἔφοδον οἱ κατὰ πόλιν θεωροῦντες μεταξὺ καὶ τοὺς στεφάνους ἐπικείμενοι καταλιπόντες τοὺς ἀγῶνας ἐπὶ τὰ ὅπλα ὥρμησαν· καὶ φθάνει τῷ Σερουιλίῳ συναχθεῖσα δύναμις αὐτοκέλευστος ἱκανή, ἣν ἐκεῖνος ἔχων συντεταγμένην, προσπίπτει τοῖς πολεμίοις ὑπό τε ἀγρυπνίας καὶ κόπου τεταλαιπωρηκόσι καὶ οὐ προσδεχομένοις τὴν τῶν Ῥωμαίων ἔφοδον.
And when those in the city, who were in the midst of watching the spectacles and wearing their crowns, learned of their assault, they left the games and rushed to arms; and a sufficient self-enlisted force forestalled him by assembling for Servilius, which he, keeping in order, fell upon the enemy, who were exhausted by lack of sleep and fatigue, and were not expecting the assault of the Romans.
§6.31.3ὡς δὲ συνέμιξαν εἰς χεῖρας, ἐγένετο μάχη τὸ μὲν ἐν τάξει καὶ κόσμῳ διὰ τὴν σπουδὴν ἑκατέρων ἀφῃρημένη, οἳ δʼ ὡς ἀπὸ τύχης τινὸς ἢ φάλαγξ φάλαγγι ἢ λόχος λόχῳ ἢ ἀνὴρ ἀνδρὶ συνέπεσον, ἱππεῖς τε καὶ πεζοὶ ἅμα πεφυρμένοι ἐμάχοντο.
And when they closed in hand-to-hand combat, there arose a battle which, on the one hand, was deprived of order and discipline because of the haste of both sides, but they fought, mixed together, both horse and foot, just as by some chance phalanx fell upon phalanx, or company upon company, or man upon man.
ἀρωγοὶ δʼ αὐτοῖς ἑκατέρωθεν ἐπῄεσαν οὐ διὰ μακροῦ τῶν πόλεων οὐσῶν, οἳ τὸ κάμνον ἀναθαρρύνοντες ἐπὶ πολὺν χρόνον ἀντέχειν ταῖς ταλαιπωρίαις ἐποίουν.
And helpers came up to them from both sides, since the cities were not far off, who, by encouraging those who were flagging, made them hold out against their hardships for a long time.
ἔπειτα οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι προσγενομένης σφίσι τῆς ἵππου πάλιν νικῶσι τοὺς Σαβίνους, καὶ πολλοὺς ἀποκτείναντες ἀνέστρεψαν εἰς τὴν πόλιν ἄγοντες αἰχμαλώτους πάνυ συχνούς.
Then the Romans, their cavalry having joined them, defeated the Sabines again, and having killed many, they returned to the city, bringing very many prisoners.
τούς τε κατὰ τὴν πόλιν ὄντας Σαβίνων, οἳ κατὰ θέας πρόφασιν ἀφιγμένοι προκαταλήψεσθαι τοῖς ἐπιοῦσι τὰ ἐρύματα τῆς πόλεως ἔμελλον, ὥσπερ αὐτοῖς συνετέτακτο, ἀναζητοῦντες εἰς τὰ δεσμωτήρια κατετίθεντο.
And they sought out and threw into the prisons those of the Sabines who were in the city, who, having arrived under the pretense of sightseeing, were intending to pre-occupy the defenses of the city for the invaders, just as had been commanded them.
τὰς δὲ θυσίας, αἷς ὁ πόλεμος ἐμποδὼν ἐγένετο, διπλασίας τῶν προτέρων ψηφισάμενοι αὖθις ἐν εὐπαθείαις ἦσαν.
And having voted that the sacrifices which the war had prevented should be double those of before, they were again in festivities.

Notes

  1. 1112ῥᾷστα ἂν ἐκράτησαν — A conditional sentence contrary to fact in the past (unreal condition). The apodosis uses ἂν with the aorist indicative (ἐκράτησαν), and the protasis has εἰ μή with the aorist indicative (εἰργάσαντο), meaning 'they would have conquered them most easily, if certain of the light-armed troops had not created a tumult.'
  2. 1112φθάνει τῷ Σερουιλίῳ συναχθεῖσα — The verb φθάνω (to anticipate, to do beforehand) is constructed with the participle συναχθεῖσα, indicating that the force assembled beforehand. The dative τῷ Σερουιλίῳ can be taken as a dative of advantage ('for Servilius') or as dependent on φθάνω ('anticipating Servilius'), meaning here that a sufficient self-enlisted force gathered under his command before the enemy's attack.
  3. 1113τὸ μὲν ἐν τάξει καὶ κόσμῳ ... ἀφῃρημένη — The passive participle ἀφῃρημένη (perfect passive of ἀφαιρέω, 'to deprive', agreeing with the subject μάχη) retains the construction of double accusative verbs, where the articular prepositional phrase τὸ ἐν τάξει καὶ κόσμῳ ('order and discipline') remains in the accusative (accusative of specification or retained object) as the thing of which the battle was deprived.

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §6.31.1-6.31.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:6.31.1-6.31.3

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