Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §5.57.1-5.57.5
Execution of the Conspirators and Death of Manius
Summary
The consuls lure the conspirators to the forum and arrest them through careful preparation, executing them all with the approval of the senate and assembly. A purification of the citizens is performed due to the bloodshed, but the co-consul Manius dies in an accident, leaving Sulpicius to hold office alone for the remaining term.
§5.57.1παρασκευασάμενος δὲ ταῦτα τοῖς μηνύσασι τὴν πρᾶξιν εἶπε. . . , πρὸς τοὺς ἡγεμόνας τῶν συνωμοτῶν ἥκειν εἰς τὴν ἀγορὰν περὶ μέσας νύκτας, ἄγοντας οἷς μάλιστα πιστεύουσι τῶν ἑταίρων, ὡς ἐκεῖ τάξιν τε καὶ χώραν καὶ σύνθημα ληψομένους, καὶ ἃ δεῖ πράττειν ἑκάστους ἀκούσοντας.
After preparing these things, he told those who had revealed the plot... to go to the leaders of the conspirators and tell them to come to the forum around midnight, leading those of their companions whom they trusted most, on the ground that they would receive there their post, position, and signal, and would hear what each of them must do.
ἐγίγνετο ταῦτα· καὶ ἐπειδὴ συνήχθησαν οἱ προεστηκότες τῶν ἑταίρων ἅπαντες εἰς τὴν ἀγοράν, διὰ συνθημάτων ἀδήλων ἐκείνοις εὐθὺς αἵ τε ἄκραι πλήρεις ἐγίγνοντο τῶν ὑπὲρ τῆς πόλεως ἀνειληφότων τὰ ὅπλα καὶ τὰ περὶ τὴν ἀγορὰν ὑπὸ τῶν ἱππέων ἐφρουρεῖτο κύκλῳ, μία τε οὐ κατελείπετο τοῖς ἀπιέναι βουλομένοις ἔξοδος.
This was done; and when all the leaders of the companions had assembled in the forum, immediately, by means of signals unknown to them, the citadels became full of those who had taken up arms for the city, and the area around the forum was guarded on all sides by the knights, and not a single exit was left for those who wished to depart.
§5.57.2καὶ κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν χρόνον ὁ ἕτερος τῶν ὑπάτων Μάνιος ἀπὸ τῆς Φιδήνης ἀναστὰς παρῆν εἰς τὸ πεδίον ἄγων τὴν δύναμιν.
And at the same time, the other of the consuls, Manius, having set out from Fidenae, arrived at the plain leading his force.
ὡς δʼ ἡμέρα τάχιστα διέλαμψεν, ὁπλίτας περὶ ἑαυτοὺς ἔχοντες οἱ ὕπατοι προῆλθον ἐπὶ τὸ βῆμα· καὶ διὰ πάντων τῶν στενωπῶν τοῖς κήρυξι περιαγγεῖλαι κελεύσαντες ἥκειν τὸν δῆμον εἰς ἐκκλησίαν, παντὸς τοῦ κατὰ τὴν πόλιν ὄχλου συνδραμόντος, δηλοῦσί τε αὐτοῖς τὴν γενομένην ἐπὶ τῇ καθόδῳ τοῦ τυράννου συνωμοσίαν καὶ τοὺς μηνυτὰς ἀναβιβάζονται.
As soon as day dawned, the consuls, having hoplites around them, went forward to the tribunal; and having ordered the heralds to proclaim through all the streets that the people should come to the assembly, when all the crowd in the city had run together, they revealed to them the conspiracy that had been made for the return of the tyrant, and brought up the informants.
§5.57.3καὶ μετὰ τοῦτʼ ἀπολογεῖσθαι συγχωρήσαντες, ἐάν τινες ἀμφισβητῶσι πρὸς τὴν μήνυσιν, ἐπειδὴ πρὸς ἄρνησιν οὐδεὶς ἐπεχείρησε τραπέσθαι, μεταστάντες ἐκ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὸ βουλευτήριον γνώμας ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν διηρώτησαν τοὺς συνέδρους, καὶ γραψάμενοι τὰ δόξαντα αὐτοῖς ἧκον αὖθις ἐπὶ τὴν ἐκκλησίαν καὶ τὸ προβούλευμα ἀνέγνωσαν. ἦν δὲ τοιόνδε·
And after this, having permitted them to defend themselves if any disputed the disclosure, since no one attempted to turn to denial, they removed from the forum to the senate-house and asked the senators for their opinions concerning them, and having written down what they decided, they came again to the assembly and read the preliminary decree.
Ταρκυνίοις μὲν τοῖς μηνύσασι τὴν ἐπίθεσιν πολιτείαν δεδόσθαι καὶ ἀργυρίου μυρίας ἑκατέρῳ δραχμὰς καὶ πλέθρα γῆς δημοσίας εἴκοσι· τοὺς δὲ μετασχόντας τῆς συνωμοσίας συλληφθέντας ἀποθανεῖν, ἐὰν καὶ τῷ δήμῳ ταὐτὰ δοκῇ.
It was as follows: that to the Tarquinii, who had revealed the attack, citizenship should be given, and ten thousand drachmas of silver to each, and twenty plethra of public land; and that those who had participated in the conspiracy should be arrested and put to death, if the people also should resolve the same.
§5.57.4τοῦ δὲ συνεληλυθότος ὄχλου κύρια ποιήσαντος τὰ δόξαντα τῇ βουλῇ, μεταστῆναι κελεύσαντες ἐκ τῆς ἀγορᾶς τοὺς ἐπὶ τὴν ἐκκλησίαν συνεληλυθότας, ἔπειτʼ ἐκάλεσαν τοὺς ὑπηρέτας ἔχοντας ξίφη, οἳ πάντας τοὺς ἐνόχους ταῖς αἰτίαις ἐν ᾧ συνεκλείσθησαν χωρίῳ περιστάντες κατεφόνευσαν.
And when the assembled crowd made the decisions of the senate authoritative, having ordered those who had assembled for the meeting to withdraw from the forum, they then called the attendants who had swords, who, surrounding all those liable to the charges in the place where they had been shut up, put them to death.
διαχρησάμενοι δὲ τούτους οὐκέτι παρεδέξαντο μήνυσιν οὐδεμίαν κατʼ οὐθενὸς τῶν ταὐτὰ βουλευσαμένων, ἀλλὰ πάντας ἀφῆκαν τῶν ἐγκλημάτων τοὺς διαφυγόντας τὴν ἐκ χειρὸς κόλασιν, ἵνα πᾶν ἐξαιρεθῇ τὸ ταραχῶδες ἐκ τῆς πόλεως.
Having dispatched these, they no longer accepted any disclosure against anyone else of those who had formed the same designs, but acquitted of the charges all who had escaped immediate punishment, so that all turbulent elements might be removed from the city.
§5.57.5οἱ μὲν δὴ συστήσαντες τὴν συνωμοσίαν τοιούτῳ τρόπῳ διεφθάρησαν· ἡ δὲ βουλὴ καθαρθῆναι ψηφισαμένη τοὺς πολίτας ἅπαντας, ὅτι περὶ πολιτικοῦ φόνου γνώμας ἠναγκάσθησαν ἀποδείξασθαι, ὡς οὐ θεμιτὸν αὐτοῖς ἐφʼ ἱερὰ παρεῖναι καὶ θυσιῶν κατάρχεσθαι, πρὶν ἀφοσιώσασθαι τὸ μίασμα καὶ τὴν συμφορὰν λῦσαι τοῖς εἰωθόσι καθαρμοῖς· ἐπειδὴ πᾶν ὅσον ἦν ὅσιον ὑπὸ τῶν ἐξηγουμένων τὰ θεῖα κατὰ τὸν ἐπιχώριον νόμον ἐπράχθη, θυσίας μετὰ τοῦτο χαριστηρίους καὶ ἀγῶνας ἔκρινεν ἐπιτελεσθῆναι, καὶ τρεῖς ἡμέρας ἔθηκεν εἰς ταῦτα ἱεράς.
In this manner, then, those who had formed the conspiracy were destroyed; and the senate, having voted that all the citizens should be purified because they had been compelled to declare their opinions concerning the slaughter of citizens, as it was not lawful for them to be present at sacred rites and to begin sacrifices before they had expiated the pollution and averted the calamity by the customary purifications; after everything that was sacred had been performed by the interpreters of divine matters according to the country's law, decided that after this thanksgiving sacrifices and games should be celebrated, and appointed three sacred days for these.
Μανίου δὲ Τυλλίου θατέρου τῶν ὑπάτων ἐν τοῖς ἱεροῖς καὶ ἐπωνύμοις τῆς πόλεως ἀγῶσι κατὰ τὴν πομπὴν ἐκ τοῦ ἱεροῦ πεσόντος ἅρματος κατʼ αὐτὸν τὸν ἱππόδρομον, καὶ τρίτῃ μετὰ τὴν πομπὴν ταύτην ἡμέρᾳ τελευτήσαντος, τὸν λειπόμενον χρόνον βραχὺν ὄντα τὴν ἀρχὴν μόνος ὁ Σολπίκιος κατέσχεν.
But when Manius Tullius, the other of the consuls, during the procession at the sacred and eponymous games of the city, fell from his sacred chariot in the hippodrome itself, and died on the third day after this procession, Sulpicius alone held the office for the remaining short period of the magistracy.
Notes
- 980εἶπε ... — There is a lacuna or aposiopesis in the text here. The following infinitive `ἥκειν` (to go) depends on a missing verb of commanding or telling, indicating that the consul told the informants to instruct the leaders of the conspiracy to go to the forum.
- 982Ταρκυνίοις — Dative of advantage (dativus commodi), referring "to the Tarquinii". The proper noun is plural, referring to the two Tarquinii who had revealed the conspiracy (mentioned in the previous chapter).
- 983ὡς οὐ θεμιτὸν αὐτοῖς — The conjunction `ὡς` introduces a subjective reason or belief, followed by an accusative and infinitive construction (with `εἶναι` omitted) dependent on the impersonal adjective `θεμιτόν`. It expresses "as it was not lawful for them to...".
Cite this passage
Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §5.57.1-5.57.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:5.57.1-5.57.5
Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.
Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.