§5.48.1ἐπὶ δὲ τῆς τούτων ἀρχῆς Πόπλιος Οὐαλέριος Ποπλικόλας ἐπικαλούμενος νοσήσας ἐτελεύτα, κράτιστος τῶν τότε Ῥωμαίων κατὰ πᾶσαν ἀρετὴν νομισθείς.
During their term of office, Publius Valerius, surnamed Poplicola, fell ill and died, being considered the best of the Romans of that time in every virtue.
τὰ μὲν οὖν ἄλλα τοῦ ἀνδρὸς ἔργα, διʼ ἃ θαυμάζεσθαί τε καὶ μνήμης τυγχάνειν ἄξιός ἐστιν, οὐδὲν δέομαι λέγειν· ἐν ἀρχῇ γὰρ τοῦ λόγου τοῦδε τὰ πολλὰ εἴρηται·
Now, of the other deeds of the man, for which he deserves to be admired and remembered, I have no need to speak; for most of them have been related at the beginning of this work.
ὃ δʼ ἁπάντων ἐστὶ τῶν τοῦ ἀνδρὸς ἐγκωμίων θαυμασιώτατον καὶ οὔπω τέτευχε λόγου, τοῦτʼ οἴομαι δεῖν μὴ παρελθεῖν, παντὸς μάλιστα νομίζων τοῦτο προσήκειν τοῖς γράφουσιν ἱστορίας, μὴ μόνον τὰς πολεμικὰς πράξεις τῶν ἐπισήμων ἡγεμόνων διεξιέναι, μηδʼ εἴ τι πολίτευμα καλὸν καὶ σωτήριον ταῖς πόλεσιν ἀπεδείξαντο ἐξευρόντες, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς βίους αὐτῶν, εἰ μέτριοι καὶ σώφρονες καὶ μένοντες ἐπὶ τοῖς πατρίοις ἐπιτηδεύμασι διετέλεσαν, ἐπιδείκνυσθαι.
But that which of all the encomiums of the man is the most wonderful and has not yet been mentioned, this I think I must not pass over, believing it to be of all things most fitting for those who write history, not only to recount the military deeds of famous leaders, nor if they demonstrated any noble and saving policy for their cities by devising it, but also to display their lives, whether they continued to be moderate and self-controlled and to remain in their ancestral customs.
§5.48.2ἐκεῖνος τοίνυν ὁ ἀνὴρ συγκαταλύσας μὲν τοὺς βασιλεῖς ἐν τοῖς πρώτοις τέτταρσι πατρικίοις καὶ δημεύσας αὐτῶν τὰς ὑπάρξεις, τετράκις δὲ τῆς ὑπατικῆς ἐξουσίας γενόμενος κύριος, μεγίστους δὲ δύο νικήσας πολέμους καὶ θριάμβους καταγαγὼν ἀπʼ ἀμφοτέρων, τὸν μὲν πρῶτον ἀπὸ τοῦ Τυρρηνῶν ἔθνους, τὸν δὲ δεύτερον ἀπὸ Σαβίνων, τοιαύτας ἀφορμὰς χρηματισμοῦ λαβών, ἃς οὐδεὶς ἂν ὡς αἰσχρὰς καὶ ἀδίκους διέβαλεν, οὐχ ἑάλω τῇ πάντας ἀνθρώπους καταδουλουμένῃ καὶ ἀσχημονεῖν ἀναγκαζούσῃ φιλοχρηματίᾳ· ἀλλʼ ἐπὶ τῇ μικρᾷ καὶ πατροπαραδότῳ διέμενεν οὐσίᾳ σώφρονα καὶ αὐτάρκη καὶ πάσης ἐπιθυμίας κρείττονα βίον ζῶν, καὶ παῖδας ἐπὶ τοῖς ὀλίγοις χρήμασιν ἐθρέψατο τοῦ γένους ἀξίους, καὶ δῆλον ἐποίησεν ἅπασιν, ὅτι πλούσιός ἐστιν οὐχ ὁ πολλὰ κεκτημένος, ἀλλʼ ὁ μικρῶν δεόμενος.
That man, indeed, having jointly overthrown the kings among the first four patricians and having confiscated their properties, and having four times become master of the consular power, and having won two of the greatest wars and celebrated triumphs from both—the first over the Etruscan nation and the second over the Sabines—and having had such opportunities for enrichment as no one could have censured as shameful or unjust, was not captured by the love of money which enslaves all men and forces them to act disgracefully; but he remained with his small and ancestral estate, living a moderate, self-sufficient life, superior to every desire, and brought up children on his scanty means who were worthy of their lineage, and made it clear to all that rich is not the one who possesses much, but the one who stands in need of little.
§5.48.3πίστις δʼ ἀκριβὴς καὶ ἀναμφίλεκτος τῆς αὐταρκείας τοῦ ἀνδρός, ἣν ἀπεδείξατο παρὰ πάντα τὸν τοῦ βίου χρόνον, ἡ μετὰ τὸν θάνατον αὐτοῦ φανεῖσα ἀπορία.
And an accurate and undisputed proof of the self-sufficiency of the man, which he demonstrated during his entire lifetime, was the poverty that appeared after his death.
οὐδὲ γὰρ αὐτὰ τὰ εἰς τὴν ἐκκομιδὴν τοῦ σώματος καὶ ταφήν, ὧν ἀνδρὶ προσήκει τηλικούτῳ τυχεῖν, ἀρκοῦντα ἐν τοῖς ὑπάρχουσι κατέλιπεν· ἀλλʼ ἐμέλλησαν αὐτὸν οἱ συγγενεῖς φαύλως πως καὶ ὡς ἕνα τῶν ἐπιτυχόντων ἐκκομίσαντες ἐκ τῆς πόλεως καίειν τε καὶ θάπτειν·
For he did not even leave behind among his possessions enough for the very expenses of the carrying out of his body and his burial, which such a great man deserved to receive; but his relatives were about to carry him out of the city in some mean fashion, and as if he were one of the ordinary people, to burn and bury him.
ἡ μέντοι βουλὴ μαθοῦσα ὡς εἶχεν αὐτοῖς τὰ πράγματα, ἐκ τῶν δημοσίων ἐψηφίσατο χρημάτων ἐπιχορηγηθῆναι τὰς εἰς τὴν ταφὴν δαπάνας, καὶ χωρίον, ἔνθα ἐκαύθη καὶ ἐτάφη, μόνῳ τῶν μέχρις ἐμοῦ γενομένων ἐπιφανῶν ἀνδρῶν ἐν τῇ πόλει σύνεγγυς τῆς ἀγορᾶς ἀπέδειξεν ὑπʼ Οὐελίας· καὶ ἔστιν ὥσπερ ἱερὸν τοῦτο τοῖς ἐξ ἐκείνου τοῦ γένους ἐνθάπτεσθαι ἀνειμένον, παντὸς πλούτου καὶ πάσης βασιλείας κρεῖττον ἀγαθόν, εἴ τις μὴ ταῖς ἐπονειδίστοις ἡδοναῖς μετρεῖ τὴν εὐδαιμονίαν, ἀλλὰ τῷ καλῷ.
However, the senate, having learned how their circumstances stood, voted that the expenses for his burial should be provided from the public funds, and designated a place within the city, near the Forum, under the Velia, where he was burned and buried—the only one of the illustrious men who have lived down to my time to receive this; and this is, as it were, a sacred place reserved for those of his lineage to be buried, a good greater than all wealth and every kingdom, if one measures happiness not by shameful pleasures, but by the beautiful.
§5.48.4Οὐαλέριος μὲν δὴ Ποπλικόλας οὐθὲν ἔξω τῆς εἰς τἀναγκαῖα δαπάνης κτήσασθαι προελόμενος, ὡς τῶν πολυχρημάτων τις βασιλέων λαμπραῖς ὑπὸ τῆς πόλεως ἐκοσμήθη ταφαῖς· καὶ αὐτὸν Ῥωμαίων αἱ γυναῖκες ἅπασαι συνειπάμεναι τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον ὥσπερ Ἰούνιον Βροῦτον ἀποθέσει χρυσοῦ τε καὶ πορφύρας τὸν ἐνιαύσιον ἐπένθησαν χρόνον, ὡς ἔθος αὐταῖς ἐστι πενθεῖν ἐπὶ τοῖς ἀναγκαίοις τῶν συγγενῶν κήδεσι.
Thus Valerius Poplicola, having chosen to acquire nothing beyond the expense for necessities, was honored by the city with a splendid burial, like one of the very wealthy kings; and all the women of the Romans, by common agreement, in the same manner as for Junius Brutus, mourned him for the space of a year, laying aside gold and purple, as is their custom to mourn at the deaths of their near relatives.