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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §5.49.1-5.49.5

Cassius' Triumph over Sabines and Fall of Camerina

Passage 378 of 962 · Greek

Summary

The new consul Cassius defeats the Sabines, concludes a peace treaty, and celebrates a triumph. Meanwhile, the other consul, Virginius, launches a night attack on the rebellious city of Camerina, capturing and destroying it.

§5.49.1μετὰ δὲ τὸν ἐνιαυτὸν ἐκεῖνον ὕπατοι καθίστανται Σπόριος Κάσσιος Οὐεκελλῖνος ἐπικαλούμενος καὶ Ὀπίτωρ Οὐεργίνιος Τρικάτος.
After that year, Spurius Cassius Vecellinus, as he was called, and Opiter Virginius Tricatus were appointed consuls.
ἐφʼ ὧν ὁ πρὸς Σαβίνους πόλεμος ὑπὸ θατέρου τῶν ὑπάτων Σπορίου κατελύθη μάχης ἰσχυρᾶς γενομένης οὐ μακρὰν τῆς Κυριτῶν πόλεως· ἐξ ἧς ἀπέθανον μὲν ἀμφὶ τοὺς μυρίους καὶ τριακοσίους Σαβίνων, αἰχμάλωτοι δʼ ἐλήφθησαν ὀλίγον ἀποδέοντες τετρακισχιλίων.
During their term, the war against the Sabines was ended by one of the consuls, Spurius, after a fierce battle was fought not far from the city of Cures; in which there died about ten thousand three hundred of the Sabines, and slightly fewer than four thousand were taken prisoners.
§5.49.2ταύτῃ τῇ συμφορᾷ τελευταίᾳ πληγέντες οἱ Σαβῖνοι πρέσβεις ἀπέστειλαν ὡς τὸν ὕπατον διαλεξομένους περὶ φιλίας.
Having been struck by this final disaster, the Sabines sent ambassadors to the consul to treat for friendship.
ἀναβαλλομένου δʼ αὐτοὺς ἐπὶ τὴν βουλὴν τοῦ Κασσίου, παραγενηθέντες εἰς Ῥώμην σὺν πολλῇ δεήσει μόλις εὑρίσκονται διαλλαγὰς καὶ κατάλυσιν τοῦ πολέμου, σῖτόν τε τῇ στρατιᾷ δόντες, ὅσον ἐπέταξε Κάσσιος καὶ ἀργύριόν τι τακτὸν κατʼ ἄνδρα καὶ γῆς πεφυτευμένης πλέθρα μύρια.
But Cassius referring them to the senate, they went to Rome, and with much entreaty, they with difficulty obtained peace and an end to the war, having given as much grain to the army as Cassius commanded, and a certain sum of money per man, and ten thousand plethra of cultivated land.
§5.49.3Σπόριος μὲν δὴ Κάσσιος θρίαμβον ἐκ τοῦ πολέμου τοῦδε κατήγαγεν· ὁ δʼ ἕτερος τῶν ὑπάτων Οὐεργίνιος ἐπὶ τὴν Καμαριναίων πόλιν ἐστράτευσεν μὲν ἀφεστῶσαν ἀπὸ τῆς Ῥωμαίων συμμαχίας κατὰ τόνδε τὸν πόλεμον, ἄγων τὴν ἡμίσειαν τῆς ἑτέρας στρατιᾶς, φράσας δʼ οὐδενί, ποῖ μέλλει πορεύεσθαι καὶ διὰ νυκτὸς ἀνύσας τὴν ὁδόν, ἵνα ἀπαρασκεύοις καὶ μὴ §5.49.4προειδόσι τὴν ἔφοδον τοῖς ἔνδον ἐπιθῆται· ὅπερ καὶ συνέβη.
Now Spurius Cassius celebrated a triumph for this war; but the other consul, Virginius, marched against the city of Camerina, which had revolted from the Roman alliance during this war, leading half of the other army, and having told no one where he was going, he completed the journey during the night, so that he might attack those inside when they were unprepared and did not foresee the assault; which indeed came to pass.
γενόμενος γὰρ πλησίον τοῦ τείχους ἅπαντας ἔλαθεν ἄρτι τῆς ἡμέρας διαυγούσης, καὶ πρὶν ἢ καταστρατοπεδεύεσθαι κριοὺς προσέφερε καὶ κλίμακας καὶ πάσῃ πολιορκίας ἐχρῆτο ἰδέᾳ.
For when he came near the wall, he escaped everyone's notice just as the day was dawning, and before pitching camp, he brought up battering rams and ladders, and employed every kind of siege.
τῶν δὲ Καμαριναίων καταπλαγέντων τὸ αἰφνίδιον τῆς παρουσίας αὐτοῦ καὶ τῶν μὲν ἀνοίγειν τὰς πύλας καὶ δέχεσθαι τὸν ὕπατον ἀξιούντων, τῶν δʼ ἀμύνεσθαι πάσῃ δυνάμει καὶ μὴ παριέναι τοὺς πολεμίους εἴσω, ἐν ᾧ τὸ ταραττόμενόν τε καὶ στασιάζον αὐτῶν ἐπεκράτει, τὰς πύλας ἐκκόψας καὶ τὰ βραχύτατα τῶν ἐρυμάτων κλίμαξι καταλαβόμενος κατὰ κράτος εἰλήφει τὴν πόλιν.
While the Camerines were thrown into panic by the suddenness of his arrival, and some thought it best to open the gates and receive the consul, while others were for defending themselves with all their might and not letting the enemy inside, and while their confused and divided counsels prevailed, he broke down the gates and having captured the lowest parts of the fortifications with ladders, took the city by storm.
ἐκείνην μὲν οὖν τὴν ἡμέραν καὶ τὴν ἐπιοῦσαν νύκτα φέρειν τε καὶ §5.49.5ἄγειν τὰ χρήματα τοῖς σφετέροις ἐφῆκε· τῇ δʼ ἑξῆς συναχθῆναι τοὺς αἰχμαλώτους εἰς ἓν χωρίον κελεύσας τοὺς μὲν βουλεύσαντας τὴν ἀπόστασιν ἅπαντας ἀπέκτεινε, τὸν δʼ ἄλλον ὄχλον ἀπέδοτο, τὴν δὲ πόλιν κατέσκαψεν.
On that day, therefore, and the following night, he allowed his men to plunder the property; but on the next day, having ordered the prisoners to be gathered into one place, he put to death all those who had planned the revolt, sold the rest of the multitude, and razed the city to the ground.

Notes

  1. 5.49.2ἀναβαλλομένου δʼ αὐτοὺς ἐπὶ τὴν βουλὴν τοῦ Κασσίου — A genitive absolute construction. The verb ἀναβάλλω means "to put off" or "to refer (a matter to someone else)"; here it indicates that Cassius deferred the decision regarding the ambassadors to the senate.
  2. 5.49.2εὑρίσκονται — Third-person plural present middle of the verb εὑρίσκω. While the active voice means "to find," the middle voice here functions as "to obtain for oneself" or "to win" after exertion.
  3. 5.49.3ἵνα ἀπαρασκεύοις καὶ μὴ προειδόσι τὴν ἔφοδον τοῖς ἔνδον ἐπιθῆται — A purpose clause introduced by ἵνα, which spans across the section division. The main verb is the aorist subjunctive third-person singular ἐπιθῆται, and the dative participle phrase ἀπαρασκεύοις καὶ μὴ προειδόσι modifies the dative noun phrase τοῖς ἔνδον ("those inside").
  4. 5.49.4ἐν ᾧ τὸ ταραττόμενόν τε καὶ στασιάζον αὐτῶν ἐπεκράτει — The temporal expression ἐν ᾧ using the relative pronoun means "while" or "in the time that." The subject τὸ ταραττόμενόν τε καὶ στασιάζον consists of substantivized neuter singular participles, referring to "their confused and divided state (or counsel)."
  5. 5.49.4φέρειν τε καὶ ἄγειν — A traditional Greek idiom combining the infinitives φέρειν ("to carry") and ἄγειν ("to drive"), corresponding to the Latin ferre et agere, which refers to carrying off moveables and driving away livestock or people, thereby meaning "to plunder."

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §5.49.1-5.49.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:5.49.1-5.49.5

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