§4.41.1μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον παραλαμβάνει Λεύκιος Ταρκύνιος τὴν Ῥωμαίων δυναστείαν οὐ κατὰ νόμους, ἀλλὰ διὰ τῶν ὅπλων κατασχών, κατὰ τὸν τέταρτον ἐνιαυτὸν τῆς ἑξηκοστῆς καὶ πρώτης ὀλυμπιάδος, ἣν ἐνίκα στάδιον Ἀγάθαρχος Κερκυραῖος ἄρχοντος Ἀθήνησι Θηρικλέους.
After him, Lucius Tarquinius assumed the rule of the Romans, having seized it not according to the laws but by force of arms, in the fourth year of the sixty-first Olympiad, in which Agatharchus of Corcyra won the stade-race, when Thericles was archon at Athens.
§4.41.2οὗτος ὑπεριδὼν μὲν τοῦ δημοτικοῦ πλήθους, ὑπεριδὼν δὲ τῶν πατρικίων, ὑφʼ ὧν ἐπὶ τὴν δυναστείαν παρήχθη, ἔθη τε καὶ νόμους καὶ πάντα τὸν ἐπιχώριον κόσμον, ᾧ τὴν πόλιν ἐκόσμησαν οἱ πρότεροι βασιλεῖς, συγχέας καὶ διαφθείρας εἰς ὁμολογουμένην τυραννίδα μετέστησε τὴν ἀρχήν.
This man, having disregarded the common people and having disregarded the patricians by whom he had been promoted to power, having confounded and destroyed the customs, laws, and the whole domestic order with which the former kings had adorned the city, changed the government into an acknowledged tyranny.
§4.41.3καὶ πρῶτον μὲν φυλακὴν κατεστήσατο περὶ ἑαυτὸν ἀνθρώπων θρασυτάτων ξίφη καὶ λόγχας φερόντων ἐπιχωρίων τε καὶ ἀλλοδαπῶν, οἳ νυκτός τε περὶ τὴν βασίλειον αὐλιζόμενοι αὐλὴν καὶ μεθʼ ἡμέραν ἐξιόντι παρακολουθοῦντες, ὅπῃ πορεύοιτο, πολλὴν τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν ἐπιβουλευσόντων ἀσφάλειαν παρείχοντο.
And first of all, he established around himself a guard of the most daring men, both natives and foreigners, carrying swords and spears, who, by quartering around the royal palace by night and accompanying him when he went out by day wherever he might go, provided him with great security against those who might plot against him.
ἔπειτα τὰς ἐξόδους οὔτε συνεχεῖς οὔτε τεταγμένας, ἀλλὰ σπανίους καὶ ἀπροσδοκήτους ἐποιεῖτο ἐχρηματίζετό τε περὶ τῶν κοινῶν κατʼ οἶκον μὲν τὰ πολλὰ καὶ αὐτῶν τῶν ἀναγκαιοτάτων §4.41.4συμπαρόντων, ὀλίγα δʼ ἐν ἀγορᾷ.
Next, he made his appearances in public neither frequent nor at stated times, but rare and unexpected, and transacted public business for the most part at home, with only his closest associates present, and but few matters in the forum.
προσελθεῖν δʼ οὐδενὶ τῶν βουλομένων ἐπέτρεπεν, εἰ μή τινα καλέσειεν αὐτός· οὔτε τοῖς προσιοῦσιν εὐμενὴς οὐδὲ πρᾷος ἦν, ἀλλʼ οἷα δὴ τύραννος, βαρύς τε καὶ χαλεπὸς ὀργὴν καὶ φοβερὸς μᾶλλον ἢ φαιδρὸς ὀφθῆναι· καὶ τὰς περὶ τῶν ἀμφισβητήτων συμβολαίων κρίσεις οὐκ ἐπὶ τὰ δίκαια καὶ τοὺς νόμους, ἀλλʼ ἐπὶ τοὺς ἑαυτοῦ τρόπους ἀναφέρων ἐποιεῖτο.
He permitted none of those who wished to do so to approach him, unless he himself summoned them; nor was he affable or gentle to those who did approach him, but, like a true tyrant, harsh and severe in anger, and terrifying rather than cheerful to look upon; and in deciding disputes over contracts, he made his judgments by referring them not to justice and the laws, but to his own whims.
διὰ ταῦτʼ ἐπωνυμίαν τίθενται αὐτῷ Ῥωμαῖοι τὸν Σούπερβον, τοῦτο δὲ δηλοῦν βούλεται κατὰ τὴν ἡμετέραν γλῶτταν τὸν ὑπερήφανον.
For these reasons, the Romans gave him the surname of Superbus, which in our language means "the Proud".
τὸν δὲ πάππον αὐτοῦ Πρίσκον ἐκάλουν· ὡς δʼ ἡμεῖς ἂν εἴποιμεν, προγενέστερον· ὁμώνυμος γὰρ ἦν τῷ νεωτέρῳ κατʼ ἄμφω τὰ ὀνόματα.
And they called his grandfather Priscus, or as we should say, the Elder; for he was of the same name as the younger in both of his names.