§4.40.1τοιαύτης τελευτῆς ἔτυχε Τύλλιος ἔτη τετταράκοντα καὶ τέτταρα τὴν βασιλείαν κατασχών.
Tullius met with such an end after having held the kingship for forty-four years.
τοῦτον τὸν ἄνδρα λέγουσι Ῥωμαῖοι πρῶτον τὰ πάτρια ἔθη καὶ νόμιμα κινῆσαι, τὴν ἀρχὴν λαβόντα οὐ παρὰ τῆς βουλῆς καὶ τοῦ δήμου, καθάπερ οἱ πρὸ αὐτοῦ πάντες, ἀλλὰ παρὰ μόνου τοῦ δήμου, δεκασμοῖς δὲ καὶ ἄλλαις πολλαῖς κολακείαις ἐκθεραπεύσαντα τοὺς ἀπόρους· καὶ ἔχει τἀληθὲς οὕτως.
The Romans say that this man was the first to disturb the ancestral customs and laws, having received his power not from the senate and the people, like all those before him, but from the people alone, having courted the needy with bribes and many other flatteries; and this is indeed the truth.
§4.40.2ἐν γὰρ τοῖς πρότερον χρόνοις, ὁπότε βασιλεὺς ἀποθάνοι, τὴν μὲν ἐξουσίαν ὁ δῆμος ἐδίδου τῷ συνεδρίῳ τῆς βουλῆς, οἵαν προέλοιτο καταστήσασθαι πολιτείαν· ἡ δὲ βουλὴ μεσοβασιλεῖς ἀπεδείκνυεν· ἐκεῖνοι δὲ τὸν ἄριστον ἄνδρα, εἴτʼ ἐκ τῶν ἐπιχωρίων, εἴτʼ ἐκ τῶν ξένων, βασιλέα καθίστασαν.
For in former times, whenever a king died, the people gave to the council of the senate the authority to establish whatever form of government they might choose; and the senate appointed interreges, and they established as king the best man, whether from among the natives or from foreigners.
εἰ μὲν οὖν ἥ τε βουλὴ τὸν αἱρεθέντα ὑπʼ αὐτῶν ἐδοκίμασε, καὶ ὁ δῆμος ἐπεψήφισε καὶ τὰ μαντεύματα ἐπεκύρωσε, παρελάμβανεν οὗτος τὴν ἀρχήν· ἐλλείποντος δέ τινος τούτων ἕτερον ὠνόμαζον, καὶ τρίτον, εἰ μὴ συμβαίη μηδὲ τῷ δευτέρῳ τά τε παρʼ ἀνθρώπων καὶ §4.40.3τὰ παρὰ τῶν θεῶν ἀνεπίληπτα.
If, then, the senate approved the man chosen by them, and the people ratified it by vote and the auspices confirmed it, this man assumed the power; but if any of these things was lacking, they nominated another, and a third, if neither for the second did the things from men and the things from the gods turn out to be blameless, they nominated a third.
ὁ δὲ Τύλλιος ἐπιτρόπου βασιλικοῦ σχῆμα κατʼ ἀρχὰς λαβών, ὡς εἴρηταί μοι πρότερον, ἔπειτα φιλανθρωπίαις τισὶ τὸν δῆμον οἰκειωσάμενος ὑπʼ ἐκείνου βασιλεὺς ἀπεδείχθη μόνου.
But Tullius, having at first assumed the character of a royal guardian, as I have said before, and then having won over the people by certain acts of benevolence, was declared king by them alone.
ἐπιεικὴς δὲ καὶ μέτριος ἀνὴρ γενόμενος ἔλυσε τὰς ἐπὶ τῷ μὴ πάντα τὰ κατὰ τοὺς νόμους πρᾶξαι. διαβολὰς τοῖς μετὰ ταῦτʼ ἔργοις, παρέσχε τε πολλοῖς ὑπόληψιν ὡς, εἰ μὴ θᾶττον ἀνῃρέθη, μεταστήσων τὸ σχῆμα τῆς πολιτείας εἰς δημοκρατίαν.
Having become a just and moderate man, he dispelled by his subsequent deeds the reproaches of not having done everything according to the laws, and gave to many the impression that, if he had not been slain so soon, he would have changed the form of the government into a democracy.
§4.40.4καὶ ἐπὶ ταύτῃ μάλιστα τῇ αἰτίᾳ λέγεται τῶν πατρικίων αὐτῷ τινας συνεπιβουλεῦσαι· ἀδυνάτους δʼ ὄντας διʼ ἑτέρου τρόπου τὴν ἐξουσίαν αὐτοῦ καταλῦσαι καὶ Ταρκύνιον ἐπὶ τὰ πράγματα παραλαβεῖν καὶ συγκατασκευάσαι τὴν ἀρχὴν ἐκείνῳ, κακῶσαί τε βουλομένους τὸ δημοτικὸν ἰσχύος οὐ μικρᾶς ἐπειλημμένον ἐκ τῆς Τυλλίου πολιτείας, καὶ τὴν ἰδίαν ἀξίωσιν, ἣν πρότερον εἶχον, ἀναλαβεῖν.
And it is said that for this reason especially some of the patricians plotted together against him; being unable to overthrow his power in any other way, they brought Tarquinius into the administration of affairs and helped him establish his power, wishing both to humble the common people, who had acquired no small power from the administration of Tullius, and to recover their own dignity which they had formerly possessed.
§4.40.5θορύβου δὲ γενομένου πολλοῦ κατὰ τὴν πόλιν ὅλην καὶ οἰμωγῆς ἐπὶ τῷ Τυλλίου θανάτῳ δείσας ὁ Ταρκύνιος, εἰ διὰ τῆς ἀγορᾶς ὁ νεκρὸς φέροιτο, ὡς ἔστι Ῥωμαίοις ἔθος, τόν τε βασίλειον κόσμον ἔχων καὶ τἆλλʼ, ὅσα νόμος ἐπὶ ταφαῖς βασιλικαῖς μή τις εἰς ἑαυτὸν ὁρμὴ γένηται τοῦ δημοτικοῦ, πρὶν ἢ βεβαίως κρατύνασθαι τὴν ἀρχήν, οὐκ εἴασε τῶν νομίμων οὐδὲν αὐτῷ γενέσθαι·
But when great tumult and lamentation arose throughout the whole city at the death of Tullius, Tarquinius, fearing that if the corpse should be carried through the forum according to the Roman custom, with the royal ornaments and all other things that the law prescribes for royal funerals, some onset might be made against him by the common people before he had securely established his power, did not allow any of the customary rites to be performed for him.
ἀλλʼ ἡ γυνὴ τοῦ Τυλλίου σὺν ὀλίγοις τισὶ τῶν φίλων, Ταρκυνίου θυγάτηρ οὖσα τοῦ προτέρου βασιλέως, νυκτὸς ἐκκομίζει τὸ σῶμα τῆς πόλεως, ὡς τῶν ἐπιτυχόντων τινός· καὶ πολλὰ μὲν τὸν ἑαυτῆς καὶ ἐκείνου δαίμονα κατοδυραμένη, μυρίας δὲ κατάρας τῷ τε γαμβρῷ καὶ τῇ θυγατρὶ καταρασαμένη κρύπτει γῇ τὸ σῶμα.
But the wife of Tullius, with a few of her friends, being the daughter of the former king Tarquinius, carried the body out of the city by night, as if it were that of any ordinary person; and having greatly lamented her own and his fortune, and having uttered countless curses against both her son-in-law and her daughter, she hid the body in the earth.
§4.40.6ἀπελθοῦσα δʼ ἀπὸ τοῦ σήματος οἴκαδε καὶ μίαν ἡμέραν ἐπιβιώσασα μετὰ τὴν ταφὴν τῇ κατόπιν νυκτὶ ἀποθνήσκει.
And having returned home from the tomb and survived only one day after the burial, she died on the following night.
τοῦ θανάτου δʼ ὁ τρόπος, ὅστις ἦν, ἠγνοεῖτο τοῖς πολλοῖς· ἔλεγον δʼ οἱ μὲν ὑπὸ λύπης αὐτοχειρίᾳ τὸ ζῆν προεμένην αὐτὴν ἀποθανεῖν· οἱ δʼ ὑπὸ τοῦ γαμβροῦ καὶ τῆς θυγατρὸς ἀναιρεθῆναι τῆς εἰς τὸν ἄνδρα συμπαθείας τε καὶ εὐνοίας ἕνεκα.
The manner of her death was unknown to the multitude; some said that she died having voluntarily given up her life out of grief, and others that she was put to death by her son-in-law and daughter because of her sympathy and affection for her husband.
ταφῆς μὲν οὖν βασιλικῆς καὶ μνήματος ἐπιφανοῦς διὰ ταύτας τὰς αἰτίας οὐκ ἐξεγένετο τυχεῖν τῷ Τυλλίου σώματι, μνήμης δʼ αἰωνίου τοῖς ἔργοις αὐτοῦ παρὰ πάντα τὸν χρόνον ὑπάρχει τυγχάνειν.
For these reasons, therefore, it did not fall to the lot of Tullius' body to obtain a royal burial and a conspicuous monument, but an everlasting memory remains for his deeds through all time.
§4.40.7ἐδήλωσε δέ τι καὶ ἄλλο δαιμόνιον ἔργον, ὅτι θεοφιλὴς ἦν ἁνήρ, ἐξ οὗ καὶ ἡ περὶ τῆς γενέσεως αὐτοῦ μυθικὴ καὶ ἄπιστος ὑπόληψις, ὥσπερ εἴρηταί μοι πρότερον, ἀληθὴς εἶναι ὑπὸ πολλῶν ἐπιστεύθη.
And another divine event also showed that the man was beloved of the gods, from which also the mythical and incredible belief concerning his birth, as I have said before, was believed by many to be true.
ἐν γὰρ τῷ ναῷ τῆς Τύχης, ὃν αὐτὸς κατεσκεύασεν, εἰκὼν αὐτοῦ κειμένη ξυλίνη κατάχρυσος ἐμπρήσεως γενομένης καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἁπάντων διαφθαρέντων μόνη διέμεινεν οὐδὲν λωβηθεῖσα ὑπὸ τοῦ πυρός.
For in the temple of Fortune which he himself had built, a gilded wooden statue of him which was placed there, when a fire occurred and all other things were destroyed, alone remained without being damaged at all by the fire.
καὶ ἔτι νῦν ὁ μὲν νεὼς καὶ τὰ ἐν αὐτῷ πάντα, ὅσα μετὰ τὴν ἔμπρησιν εἰς τὸν ἀρχαῖον κόσμον ἐπετελέσθη φανερά, ὅτι τῆς καινῆς ἐστι τέχνης, ἡ δʼ εἰκών, οἵα πρότερον ἦν, ἀρχαικὴ τὴν κατασκευήν· διαμένει γὰρ ἔτι σεβασμοῦ τυγχάνουσα ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων.
And even now the temple and all things in it, which after the fire were completed according to the ancient ornament, show clearly that they are of the new art, but the statue, as it was before, is archaic in its workmanship; for it still remains, obtaining worship by the Romans.
καὶ περὶ μὲν Τυλλίου τοσαῦτα παρελάβομεν.
And concerning Tullius, we have received this much.