Humanitext Reader

Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §3.25.1-3.25.5

Victory of Tullus and the Rout of the Fidenates and Veientes

Passage 196 of 962 · Greek

Summary

Tullus's stratagem succeeds as the Fidenaeans, fearing a counter-betrayal by the Albans, flee in disorder, while the Veientes are eventually routed and perish in the Tiber or lose their camp.

§3.25.1ταῦτα παρὰ τὰς τάξεις ἁπάσας παρεξιὼν ἔλεγε, καὶ αὐτίκα τοὺς μὲν Φιδηναίους δέος εἰσέρχεται παλινπροδοσίας ὡς κατεστρατηγημένους ὑπὸ τοῦ Ἀλβανοῦ, ἐπεὶ οὔτε ἀντιμεταταξάμενον αὐτὸν εἶδον οὔτʼ ἐπὶ τοὺς Ῥωμαίους εὐθὺς αὐτὸν ἐλαύνοντα, ὥσπερ ὑπέσχετο αὐτοῖς, τοὺς δὲ Ῥωμαίους ἐπῆρεν εἰς εὐτολμίαν καὶ θάρσους ἐνέπλησεν ὁ λόγος·
Tullus said these things as he passed along all the ranks; and immediately a dread of a counter-betrayal entered the Fidenaeans, as men who had been outgeneraled by the Alban, since they saw him neither changing his formation nor advancing directly against the Romans as he had promised them.
καὶ μέγα ἐμβοήσαντες ὁρμῶσιν ἐπὶ τοὺς πολεμίους ἀθρόοι.
On the other hand, his speech inspired the Romans with great courage and filled them with confidence; and raising a great shout, they rushed upon the enemy in a body.
τροπὴ δὲ γίνεται μετὰ τοῦτο τῶν Φιδηναίων καὶ φυγὴ §3.25.2πρὸς τὴν πόλιν ἄκοσμος.
After this there followed a rout of the Fidenaeans and a flight in disorder toward the city.
ὁ δὲ τῶν Ῥωμαίων βασιλεὺς ἐπιρράξας αὐτοῖς τὴν ἵππον περιφόβοις οὖσι καὶ τεταραγμένοις καὶ μέχρι τινὸς διώξας, ὡς ἔμαθεν ἐσκεδασμένους ἀπʼ ἀλλήλων καὶ οὔτε λογισμὸν ἔτι τοῦ συστῆναι ληψομένους οὔτε δύναμιν ἔχοντας, ἀφεὶς τοὺς φεύγοντας ἐπὶ τὸ συνεστηκὸς ἔτι καὶ διαμένον τῶν πολεμίων ἐχώρει μέρος.
The king of the Romans, having hurled his cavalry upon them while they were terrified and confused, and having pursued them for a certain distance, when he perceived that they were scattered from one another and would neither recover their presence of mind to reform nor had the power to do so, left the fugitives and advanced against that part of the enemy which was still holding together and keeping its position.
καὶ γίνεται καλὸς μὲν καὶ ὁ τῶν πεζῶν ἀγών, ἔτι δὲ καλλίων ὁ τῶν ἱππέων.
And a fine action was fought by the infantry, but a still finer one by the cavalry.
§3.25.3οὐ γὰρ ἐνέκλινον οἱ τῇδε τεταγμένοι Οὐιεντανοὶ τὴν ἔφοδον ὑπὸ τῆς Ῥωμαῖκῆς ἵππου καταπλαγέντες, ἀλλʼ ἀντεῖχον ἄχρι πολλοῦ.
For the Veientes stationed there did not give way, terrified by the onset of the Roman cavalry, but resisted for a long time.
ἔπειτα μαθόντες ὅτι τὸ εὐώνυμον σφῶν ἥττηται καὶ πᾶσα ἡ Φιδηναίων τε καὶ τῶν ἄλλων συμμάχων στρατιὰ φεύγει προτροπάδην, δείσαντες μὴ κυκλωθῶσιν ὑπὸ τῶν ἀναστραφέντων ἐκ τοῦ διωγμοῦ τρέπονται καὶ αὐτοὶ λύσαντες τὰς τάξεις καὶ διὰ τοῦ ποταμοῦ σώζειν ἑαυτοὺς ἐπειρῶντο.
Then, learning that their left wing had been defeated and that all the army of the Fidenaeans and the other allies was fleeing headlong, and fearing lest they should be surrounded by those who had returned from the pursuit, they also turned and, breaking their ranks, attempted to save themselves by way of the river.
§3.25.4ὅσοι μὲν οὖν ἐρρωμενέστατοί τε αὐτῶν ἦσαν καὶ ἥκιστα ὑπὸ τραυμάτων βαρυνόμενοι νεῖν τε οὐκ ἀδύνατοι δίχα τῶν ὅπλων τὸ ῥεῖθρον διεπεραιοῦντο, ὅσοι δὲ τούτων τινὸς ἐνέλιπον ἐν ταῖς δίναις ἀπέθνησκον· ὀξὺ γὰρ τοῦ Τεβέριος περὶ τὴν Φιδήνην καὶ σκολιὸν τὸ ῥεῦμα.
Now, as many of them as were strongest, least burdened by wounds, and not unable to swim, crossed the stream without their arms; but as many of them as were lacking in any of these respects died in the whirlpools, for the current of the Tiber near Fidenae is swift and winding.
§3.25.5ὁ δὲ Τύλλος μοίρᾳ τινὶ τῶν ἱππέων κελεύσας τοὺς ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμὸν ὠθουμένους κτείνειν, αὐτὸς ἐπὶ τὸ στρατόπεδον τῶν Οὐιεντανῶν τὴν ἄλλην δύναμιν ἄγων ἐξ ἐφόδου γίνεται κύριος αὐτοῦ·
Tullus, having ordered a certain detachment of the cavalry to kill those who were being pushed into the river, himself led the rest of the army against the camp of the Veientes and took it at the first onset.
καὶ τὰ μὲν Ῥωμαίων πράγματα παραδόξου τυχόντα σωτηρίας ἐν τούτοις ἦν.
And the affairs of the Romans, having met with an unexpected deliverance, were in this condition.

Notes

  1. 3.25.1παλινπροδοσίας — This word means "counter-betrayal" or "double betrayal." It refers to the suspicion and fear of the Fidenaeans that the Albans, while pretending to betray Rome, had actually conspired with Rome to trap them.
  2. 3.25.1ὡς κατεστρατηγημένους ὑπὸ τοῦ Ἀλβανοῦ — A construction of ὡς with a perfect passive participle expressing a subjective reason. It describes the subjective judgment of the Fidenaeans (τοὺς μὲν Φιδηναίους), who are the accusative object, not the subject of the main clause ("thinking they had been outgeneraled by the Alban").
  3. 3.25.1ἀντιμεταταξάμενον αὐτὸν εἶδον — A participle usage acting as the complement of the verb of perception εἶδον. The accusative pronoun αὐτόν (referring to Mettius) is the subject of the participle: "they saw him changing his formation." The subsequent participle ἐλαύνοντα is likewise a complementary participle depending on εἶδον.
  4. 3.25.2ὡς ἔμαθεν ἐσκεδασμένους — A subordinate clause introduced by the conjunction ὡς ("when, as"). The verb of knowing ἔμαθεν takes complementary participles in the accusative: here, three participles ἐσκεδασμένους (that they were scattered), ληψομένους (that they were going to form a plan), and ἔχοντας (that they had the power) are coordinated to express the facts Tullus perceived.
  5. 3.25.4ὅσοι δὲ τούτων τινὸς ἐνέλιπον — A conditional clause introduced by the relative pronoun ὅσοι. The phrase τούτων τινός is a partitive genitive referring to any of the three conditions mentioned in the preceding clause (being strong, being unburdened by wounds, and being able to swim), meaning "as many as fell short in any of these."

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §3.25.1-3.25.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:3.25.1-3.25.5

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.