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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §3.24.1-3.24.6

Treachery of Mettius and Tullus' Ruse to Rally His Troops

Passage 195 of 962 · Greek

Summary

As Mettius of the Albans executes his betrayal by retreating to the mountain, the Roman army falls into a crisis, but King Tullus calmly and loudly pretends that this is a planned maneuver to encourage his soldiers.

§3.24.1ἐπαινεσάντων δὲ τὴν γνώμην τῶν παρόντων καὶ πάντα ὑποσχομένων ποιήσειν ὅρκοις ἕκαστον αὐτῶν καταλαβὼν διέλυσε τὸν σύλλογον.
When those present had approved his opinion and promised to do everything, he bound each of them by oaths and dismissed the assembly.
τῇ δʼ ἑξῆς ἡμέρᾳ προῄεσαν μὲν ἐκ τοῦ χάρακος αἱ Φιδηναίων τε καὶ συμμάχων δυνάμεις ἅμα τῷ τὸν ἥλιον ἀνασχεῖν καὶ παρετάσσοντο ὡς εἰς μάχην, ἀντεπεξῄεσαν δὲ οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι καὶ καθίσταντο εἰς τάξιν.
On the following day, as soon as the sun rose, the forces of the Fidenaeans and their allies advanced from their camp and drew up as if for battle, and the Romans marched out against them and formed their line.
§3.24.2τὸ μὲν οὖν ἀριστερὸν κέρας αὐτὸς ὁ Τύλλος καὶ οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι κατεῖχον ἐναντίοι Οὐιεντανοῖς ʽοὗτοι γὰρ τὸ δεξιὸν τῶν πολεμίων κατεῖχον κέρασʼ, ἐπὶ δὲ τοῦ δεξιοῦ τῶν Ῥωμαίων κέρατος ὁ Μέττιος καὶ οἱ Ἀλβανοὶ κατὰ Φιδηναίους παρὰ τὴν λαγόνα τοῦ ὄρους ἐτάξαντο.
Now, Tullus himself and the Romans held the left wing, facing the Veientes (for these held the right wing of the enemy), while on the right wing of the Romans, Mettius and the Albans were stationed against the Fidenaeans along the flank of the mountain.
§3.24.3ἐπεὶ δὲ σύνεγγυς ἀλλήλων ἐγίνοντο, πρὶν ἐντὸς βέλους γενέσθαι οἱ Ἀλβανοὶ σχισθέντες ἀπὸ τοῦ ἄλλου στρατοῦ συντεταγμένους ἦγον τοὺς λόχους ἐπὶ τὸ ὄρος.
But when they came near each other, before they were within bowshot, the Albans separated themselves from the rest of the army and led their organized companies toward the mountain.
οἱ μὲν οὖν Φιδηναῖοι μαθόντες τοῦτο καὶ πιστεύσαντες ἀληθεύειν σφίσι τὰς περὶ τῆς προδοσίας ὑποσχέσεις τῶν Ἀλβανῶν θρασύτερον ἤδη τοῖς Ῥωμαίοις προσεφέροντο, καὶ τὸ μὲν δεξιον κέρας τῶν Ῥωμαίων ἐψιλωμένον τῆς συμμαχίας παρερρήγνυτό τε καὶ σφόδρα ἐπόνει, τὸ δʼ εὐώνυμον ἀνὰ κράτος ἠγωνίζετο, ἔνθα καὶ αὐτὸς ἦν ὁ Τύλλος ἐν τοῖς ἐπιλέκτοις τῶν ἱππέων μαχόμενος.
The Fidenaeans, learning of this and believing that the promises of the Albans concerning the betrayal were true, now attacked the Romans more boldly; and the right wing of the Romans, stripped of its allies, was broken through and suffered severely, while the left wing fought with all its might, where Tullus himself was fighting among the select cavalry.
§3.24.4ἐν δὲ τούτῳ προσελάσας τις ἱππεὺς τοῖς ἅμα τῷ βασιλεῖ μαχομένοις, κάμνει τὸ δεξιὸν ἡμῖν κέρας, ἔφησεν, ὦ Τύλλε.
Meanwhile, a certain horseman rode up to those fighting with the king and said, "Tullus, our right wing is hard-pressed.
Ἀλβανοί τε γὰρ ἐκλιπόντες τὴν τάξιν ἐπὶ τὰ μετέωρα ἐπείγονται, Φιδηναῖοί τε καθʼ οὓς ἐκεῖνοι ἐτάχθησαν ὑπὲρ κέρατος ὄντες τοῦ ἐψιλωμένου κυκλοῦσθαι μέλλουσιν ἡμᾶς. ταῦτα ἀκούσαντας τοὺς Ῥωμαίους καὶ ἰδόντας τὴν ὁρμὴν τῶν Ἀλβανῶν τὴν ἐπὶ τὸ ὄρος δεῖμα ὡς κυκλωσομένους ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίων καταλαμβάνει, ὥστε οὔτε μάχεσθαι οὔτε μένειν αὐτοῖς ἐπῄει.
For the Albans, leaving their post, are hastening to the heights, and the Fidenaeans, against whom they were stationed, being on the flank of the stripped wing, are about to surround us." Upon hearing this and seeing the rush of the Albans toward the mountain, a dread of being surrounded by the enemy seized the Romans, so that they had no inclination either to fight or to remain.
§3.24.5ἔνθα δὴ σοφίᾳ λέγεται χρήσασθαι ὁ Τύλλος οὐδὲν ἐπιταραχθεὶς τὴν διάνοιαν ὑπὸ τοσούτου τε καὶ οὕτως ἀπροσδοκήτου φανέντος κακοῦ, διʼ ἣν οὐ μόνον ἔσωσε τὴν Ῥωμαίων στρατιὰν εἰς προὖπτον κατακεκλειμένην ὄλεθρον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ τῶν πολεμίων πράγματα σύμπαντα συνέτριψέ τε καὶ διέφθειρεν.
Then indeed Tullus is said to have made use of a stratagem, not being at all disturbed in his mind by so great and so unexpected a calamity that had appeared; by which he not only saved the Roman army, which was shut up to certain destruction, but also shattered and destroyed the entire fortune of the enemy.
ὡς γὰρ ἤκουσε τοῦ ἀγγέλου μεγάλῃ φωνῇ χρώμενος, ὥστε καὶ τοὺς πολεμίους ἀκούειν, §3.24.6κρατοῦμεν, εἶπεν, ἄνδρες Ῥωμαῖοι, τῶν ἐχθρῶν.
For as soon as he heard the messenger, using a loud voice so that even the enemy could hear, he said, "We are victorious, Roman soldiers, over the enemy!
Ἀλβανοὶ μὲν γὰρ ἡμῖν τὸ πλησίον ὄρος τοῦτο κατειλήφασιν, ὥσπερ ὁρᾶτε, κατὰ τὰς ἐμὰς ἐντολάς, ἵνα κατὰ νώτου γενόμενοι τῶν πολεμίων ἐπίωσιν αὐτοῖς.
For the Albans, as you see, have occupied this neighboring mountain according to my orders, in order to fall upon the enemy from behind.
ἐνθυμηθέντες οὖν ὅτι ἐν καλῷ τοὺς ἐχθίστους ἡμῖν ἔχομεν, οἱ μὲν ἄντικρυς ἐπιόντες, οἱ δὲ κατόπιν, ἔνθα οὔτε πρόσω χωρεῖν οὔτʼ ὀπίσω ἐπιστρέφειν δυνάμενοι ποταμῷ τε καὶ ὄρει ἐκ τῶν πλαγίων ἀποκλειόμενοι καλὴν δώσουσιν ἡμῖν δίκην, ἴτε σὺν πολλῇ καταφρονήσει ἐπʼ αὐτούς.
Reflecting, therefore, that we hold our bitterest enemies in a favorable position—where, attacked some in front and others from behind, and being unable either to move forward or to turn back, since they are shut in on the flanks by the river and the mountain, they will pay us a fine penalty—advance upon them with great contempt."

Notes

  1. §3.24.1καταλαβὼν — Aorist active participle of καταλαμβάνω, used here in the sense of "binding" or "holding fast" by oaths.
  2. §3.24.4αὐτοῖς ἐπῄει — Impersonal use of ἐπέρχομαι with the dative αὐτοῖς and infinitives, meaning "it occurred to them" or "they felt inclined" to do something.
  3. §3.24.5σοφίᾳ — The antecedent of the subsequent relative pronoun ἣν in the phrase διʼ ἣν ("by which").
  4. §3.24.6ἐν καλῷ — An adverbial phrase meaning "in a favorable position" or "in an advantageous situation," functioning here as a complement to ἔχομεν.

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §3.24.1-3.24.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:3.24.1-3.24.6

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