§20.2.1ἐπεὶ δὲ τὰ σημεῖα τῆς μάχης ἀνεδείχθη, παιανίσαντες οἱ στρατιῶται καὶ τῷ Ἐνυαλίῳ ἀλαλάξαντες ἐχώρουν ὁμόσε καὶ συμπεσόντες ἐμάχοντο πᾶσαν ἀποδεικνύμενοι τὴν ἐνόπλιον ἐπιστήμην.
When the signals for battle were raised, the soldiers sang the paean, shouted the war-cry to Enyalius, and advanced to close quarters, and clashing together, they fought, displaying all their skill in arms.
οἱ μὲν ἱππεῖς οἱ παρὰ ἀμφότερα τεταγμένοι τὰ κέρατα προειδότες, ἐν οἷς ἐπλεονέκτουν αὐτοὶ τῶν πολεμίων, εἰς ταῦτα κατέφευγον, Ῥωμαῖοι μὲν εἰς τὴν ἐκ χειρὸς καὶ σταδιαίαν μάχην, τὸ δὲ τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἱππικὸν εἰς τὰς περιελάσεις καὶ τοὺς ἐξελιγμούς·
The cavalry stationed on both wings, knowing beforehand in what respects they themselves had the advantage over the enemy, resorted to these tactics: the Romans to hand-to-hand and stationary combat, and the Greek cavalry to wheeling movements and flanking maneuvers.
§20.2.2καὶ οἱ μὲν ὁπότε διώκοιντο ὑπὸ τῶν Ἑλλήνων, ἐπιστρέψαντες τοὺς ἵππους καὶ τοὺς χαλινοὺς κατασχόντες ἐπεζομάχουν, οἱ δὲ ὁπότε τοὺς Ῥωμαίους μάθοιεν εἰς ἀντίπαλα καθισταμένους, ἐπὶ δόρυ κλίναντες καὶ διʼ ἀλλήλων ἐξελίξαντες περιεδίνουν τοὺς ἵππους αὖθις ἐπὶ τὸ μέτωπον καὶ §20.2.3τὰ κέντρα προσβαλόντες ἐχώρουν ὁμόσε.
And the former, whenever they were pursued by the Greeks, would turn their horses and, holding back the reins, fight on foot; while the latter, whenever they perceived the Romans drawing up in opposition, would wheel to the right, and having wound through one another's ranks, would turn their horses back to the front and, applying the spurs, charge to close quarters.
ἡ μὲν οὖν δὴ τῶν ἱππέων μάχη τοιαύτη τις ἦν, ἡ δὲ τῶν πεζῶν τῇ μὲν ἐμφερὴς ἐκείνῃ, τῇ δὲ διάφορος.
Such, then, was the battle of the cavalry; but that of the infantry was in one respect similar to it, and in another different.
ἐμφερὴς μὲν κατὰ τὸ σύμπαν, διάφορος δὲ κατὰ τὰ μέρη.
It was similar as a whole, but different in its parts.
τὸ μὲν γὰρ δεξιὸν κέρας ἐπιρρεπέστερον ὑπῆρχεν ἑκατέροις, τὸ δʼ ἀριστερὸν ὑποδεέστερον.
For the right wing was more successful for both sides, while the left was inferior.
οὐ μέντοι σὺν τῷ ἀσχήμονι τὰ νῶτα τοῖς πολεμίοις ἐνέκλιναν οὐδέτεροι, ἀλλὰ σὺν κόσμῳ καὶ παρὰ ταῖς σημείαις μένοντες ἑκάτεροι καὶ τὴν προβολὴν φυλάττοντες κατὰ μικρὸν ὑπεχώρουν ὀπίσω.
Yet neither side turned their backs to the enemy in a disgraceful manner, but remaining in order and by their standards, and keeping up their defense, they retreated backward step by step.
§20.2.4οἱ δὲ ἀριστεύσαντες ἦσαν ἐκ μὲν τῆς βασιλικῆς στρατιᾶς Μακεδόνες — οὗτοι γὰρ ἀνέστειλαν τὸ πρῶτον τῶν Ῥωμαίων στρατόπεδον καὶ τοὺς σὺν αὐτοῖς ταχθέντας Λατίνους — ἐκ δὲ τῆς Ῥωμαικῆς οἱ συνελθόντες εἰς τὸ δεύτερον τάγμα Μολοττοῖς καὶ Θεσπρωτοῖς καὶ Χάοσιν ἐναντίοι.
Those who distinguished themselves were, from the royal army, the Macedonians—for these repulsed the first Roman legion and the Latins stationed with them—and from the Roman army, those who were joined in the second legion opposite the Molossians, Thesprotians, and Chaonians.
κελεύσαντος δὲ τοῦ βασιλέως τοὺς ἐλέφαντας ἐπὶ τὸ κάμνον τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγειν, μαθόντες τὴν ἔφοδον τῶν θηρίων οἱ ταῖς κεραιοφόροις ἐπιβεβηκότες ἁμάξαις ἤλαυνον ὁμόσε.
When the king ordered the elephants to be led against the struggling part of his army, those who were mounted on the chariots equipped with beams, perceiving the onset of the beasts, drove to meet them.
§20.2.5οὗτοι τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ἐπέσχον τῆς ὁρμῆς τὰ θηρία, παίοντες ταῖς μηχαναῖς καὶ τὰς πυρφόρους χεῖρας ἐς τὰς ὄψεις αὐτῶν ἐντρέποντες.
At first, they checked the charge of the beasts, striking them with their engines and turning the fire-bearing devices toward their faces.
ἔπειτα οὐκέτι προσαγόντων τὰ θηρία τῶν ἐφεστηκότων τοῖς πύργοις, ἀλλὰ ταῖς λόγχαις βαλλόντων ἄνωθεν καὶ τῶν ψιλῶν διακοπτόντων τὰ περικείμενα γέρρα ταῖς ἁμάξαις καὶ νευροτομούντων τοὺς βόας καταπηδῶντες ἀπὸ τῶν ὀχημάτων οἱ πρὸς ταῖς μηχαναῖς κατέφευγον εἰς τοὺς ἔγγιστα πεζοὺς καὶ πολλὴν παρεῖχον αὐτοῖς ταραχήν.
But afterward, when those stationed in the towers would no longer let the beasts advance, but threw spears from above, and the light-armed troops cut through the wicker shields surrounding the chariots and hamstrung the oxen, those in charge of the engines leaped down from the vehicles and fled to the nearest infantry, causing them great confusion.
§20.2.6οἱ δὲ ἐν μέσῃ τῇ βασιλικῇ φάλαγγι ταχθέντες Λευκανοὶ καὶ Βρέττιοι χρόνον οὐ πολὺν ἀγωνισάμενοι τρέπονται πρὸς φυγὴν ὑπὸ τοῦ τετάρτου Ῥωμαικοῦ τάγματος ἀνασταλέντες.
Meanwhile, the Lucanians and Bruttians stationed in the center of the royal phalanx, after fighting for a short time, were turned to flight, being repulsed by the fourth Roman legion.
ὡς δὲ ἅπαξ ἐνέκλιναν οὗτοι, καὶ διερράγη τὸ κατʼ αὐτοὺς μέρος τῆς φάλαγγος, οὐδὲ οἱ τὴν πλησίον αὐτῶν λαβόντες στάσιν Ταραντῖνοι παρέμενον, ἀλλὰ ἐντρέψαντες κἀκεῖνοι τὰ νῶτα τοῖς πολεμίοις ἔφευγον. ατη.
When these had once given way, and the part of the phalanx opposite them was broken, the Tarentines, who occupied the position next to them, did not stand their ground either, but they too turned their backs to the enemy and fled.