§20.1.1συνθέμενοι δὲ διὰ κηρύκων τὸν χρόνον, ἐν ᾧ διαγωνιοῦνται, κατέβαινον ἐκ τῶν στρατοπέδων καὶ εἰς τάξιν καθίσταντο τοιάνδε· βασιλεὺς μὲν Πύρρος τὴν Μακεδονικὴν φάλαγγα πρώτην ἔταξεν ἐπὶ τοῦ δεξιοῦ κέρατος καὶ μετʼ αὐτὴν τοὺς ἐκ τοῦ Τάραντος μισθοφόρους Ἰταλιώτας.
Having agreed through heralds on the time in which they would fight, they came down from their camps and drew up in the following order: King Pyrrhus placed the Macedonian phalanx first on the right wing, and after it the mercenary Italiotes from Tarentum.
§20.1.2ἔπειτα τοὺς ἐξ Ἀμπρακίας καὶ μετʼ αὐτοὺς τὴν Ταραντίνων λεύκασπιν φάλαγγα, ἑξῆς δὲ τὸ Βρεττίων καὶ Λευκανῶν συμμαχικόν.
Then those from Ambracia, and after them the white-shielded phalanx of the Tarentines, and next the allied force of the Bruttians and Lucanians.
ἐπὶ μέσης δὲ τῆς φάλαγγος Θεσπρωτούς τε καὶ Χάονας, τούτοις δὲ συνεχεῖς τοὺς Αἰτωλῶν καὶ Ἀκαρνάνων καὶ Ἀθαμάνων μισθοφόρους, τελευταίους δὲ Σαυνίτας τὸ §20.1.3λαιὸν ἐκπληροῦντας κέρας.
In the center of the phalanx he placed the Thesprotians and Chaonians, and next to them the mercenary Aetolians, Acarnanians, and Athamanians, and finally the Samnites, who filled out the left wing.
τῆς δὲ ἵππου τὴν μὲν Σαυνῖτιν καὶ Θετταλικὴν καὶ Βρεττίαν καὶ τὴν ἐκ τοῦ Τάραντος μισθοφόρον ἐπὶ τοῦ δεξιοῦ κέρατος ἔστησεν, τὴν δὲ Ἀμπρακιῶτιν καὶ Λευκανὴν καὶ Ταραντίνην καὶ τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν μισθοφόρον, ἣν ἐξεπλήρουν Ἀκαρνᾶνές τε καὶ Αἰτωλοὶ καὶ Μακεδόνες καὶ Ἀθαμᾶνες ἐπὶ τοῦ λαιοῦ.
Of the cavalry, he stationed the Samnite, Thessalian, Bruttian, and the mercenary cavalry from Tarentum on the right wing, and the Ambracian, Lucanian, Tarentine, and the Greek mercenary cavalry, which was composed of Acarnanians and Aetolians, Macedonians and Athamanians, on the left.
§20.1.4τοὺς δὲ ψιλοὺς καὶ τοὺς ἐλέφαντας διχῇ νείμας ἀμφοτέρων κατόπιν ἔστησε τῶν κεράτων, σύμμετρόν τι χωρίον ἀφεστῶτας ὀλίγον ἐπανεστηκὸς τοῦ πεδίου.
Dividing the light-armed troops and the elephants into two parts, he stationed them behind both wings, at a certain moderate distance, on ground slightly elevated above the plain.
αὐτὸς δὲ τὸ καλούμενον βασιλικὸν ἄγημα τῶν ἐπιλέκτων ἱππέων ὁμοῦ τι δισχιλίων περὶ αὑτὸν ἔχων ἐκτὸς ἦν τάξεως, ὥστε τοῖς κάμνουσιν αἰεὶ τῶν σφετέρων ἐξ ἑτοίμου παρεῖναι.
He himself, having about him the so-called royal squadron of chosen cavalry, numbering about two thousand, remained outside the ranks, so as to be ready to assist any of his own men who were hard-pressed.
οἱ δὲ ὕπατοι κατὰ μὲν τὸ λαιὸν κέρας ἔστησαν τάγμα τὸ καλούμενον πρῶτον ἐναντίον τῇ Μακεδονικῇ καὶ Ἀμπρακιωτικῇ φάλαγγι καὶ τοῖς μισθοφόροις τῶν Ταραντίνων.
The consuls, on the left wing, stationed the legion called the first opposite the Macedonian and Ambracian phalanx and the mercenaries of the Tarentines.
ἑπόμενον δὲ τῷ πρώτῳ τάγματι τὸ τρίτον, καθʼ ὃ μέρος ἡ λεύκασπις ἦν τῶν Ταραντίνων φάλαγξ καὶ τὸ Βρεττίων καὶ τὸ Λευκανῶν συμμαχικόν.
Following the first legion was the third, at the position where the white-shielded phalanx of the Tarentines and the allied force of the Bruttians and Lucanians were.
§20.1.5συναφὲς δὲ τῷ τρίτῳ τὸ τέταρτον ἔστησαν κατὰ τοὺς Μολοττούς τε καὶ Χάονας καὶ Θεσπρωτούς· τὸ δὲ δεύτερον ἐπὶ τοῦ δεξιοῦ κέρως ἐναντίον τοῖς μισθοφόροις τοῖς ἀπὸ τῆς Ἑλλάδος Αἰτωλοῖς καὶ Ἀκαρνᾶσι καὶ Ἀθαμᾶσι καὶ τῇ Σαυνιτῶν θυρεαφόρῳ φάλαγγι.
Adjacent to the third legion they stationed the fourth opposite the Molossians, Chaonians, and Thesprotians; and the second on the right wing, opposite the mercenaries from Greece—the Aetolians, Acarnanians, and Athamanians—and the shield-bearing phalanx of the Samnites.
Λατίνους δὲ καὶ Καμπανοὺς καὶ Σαβίνους καὶ Ὀμβρικοὺς καὶ Οὐολούσκους καὶ Μαρουγκίνους καὶ Πελίγνους καὶ Φρεντανοὺς καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους ὑπηκόους, εἰς τέτταρα διελόντες μέρη, τοῖς Ῥωμαικοῖς παρενέβαλον §20.1.6τάγμασιν, ἵνα μηδὲν αὐτοῖς ἀσθενὲς εἴη μέρος.
Having divided the Latins, Campanians, Sabines, Umbrians, Volscians, Marrucini, Paeligni, Frentani, and the other subjects into four parts, they interspersed them among the Roman legions, so that no part of their line should be weak.
τὴν δὲ ἵππον τήν τʼ οἰκείαν καὶ τὴν συμμαχικὴν διελόντες ἐπʼ ἀμφοτέρων ἔταξαν τῶν κεράτων.
Dividing the cavalry, both their own and that of the allies, they stationed them on both wings.
ἐκτὸς δὲ τάξεως τούς τε ψιλοὺς κατέστησαν καὶ τὰς ἁμάξας τριακοσίας τὸν ἀριθμόν, ἃς παρεσκευάσαντο πρὸς τὴν τῶν ἐλεφάντων μάχην.
Outside the ranks they placed the light-armed troops and three hundred wagons in number, which they had prepared for the battle against the elephants.
αὗται κεραίας εἶχον ἐπιβεβηκυίας στώμιξιν ὀρθαῖς πλαγίας, εὐτρόχους, ὅπη βουληθείη τις ἅμα νοήματι περιάγεσθαι δυναμένας, ἐπʼ ἄκρων δὲ τῶν κεραιῶν ἢ τριόδοντες ἦσαν ἢ κέστροι μαχαιροειδεῖς ἢ δρέπανα ὁλοσίδηρα, ἢ καταρράκτας τινὰς ἐπιρριπτοῦντας ἄνωθεν βαρεῖς κόρακας.
These had beams mounted transversely upon upright posts, easily wheeled and capable of being turned in any direction in an instant; at the ends of the beams were either tridents, or sword-like iron spikes, or scythes made entirely of iron, or certain heavy grapnels designed to be hurled down from above.
§20.1.7πολλαῖς δʼ αὐτῶν χεῖρες προσήρτηντο πυρφόροι στυππία πολλῇ πίττῃ λελιπασμένα περὶ αὑτὰς ἔχουσαι, προεκκείμεναι τῶν ἁμαξῶν, αἷς ἔμελλον ἑστηκότες ἐπʼ αὐτῶν τινες, ὅτε πλησίον γένοιντο τῶν θηρίων, πλήσαντες πυρὸς ἐπὶ τὰς προβοσκίδας αὐτῶν καὶ τὰ πρόσωπα τὰς πληγὰς φέρειν.
To many of them were attached fire-bearing devices containing tow smeared with much pitch wrapped around them, projecting from the wagons, with which some men standing upon them, when they came near the beasts, were to set them on fire and direct the blows against their trunks and faces.
ἐφεστήκεσαν δὲ ταῖς ἁμάξαις τετρακύκλοις ὑπαρχούσαις καὶ τῶν ψιλῶν συχνοὶ τοξόται καὶ χερμάται καὶ τριβόλων σιδηρῶν σφενδονῆται καὶ παρʼ αὐτὰς κάτωθεν ἔτι πλείους ἕτεροι.
There were stationed on the wagons, which were four-wheeled, many archers and slingers from among the light-armed troops, and slingers of iron caltrops, and still more others on the ground beside them.
§20.1.8τάξις μὲν αὕτη τῶν στρατευσάντων ἦν ἀμφοτέρων, ἀριθμὸς δὲ τοῦ βασιλικοῦ μυριάδες ἑπτὰ πεζῶν, ἐν οἷς Ἕλληνες οἱ τὸν Ἰόνιον κόλπον διαπεράσαντες ἐπὶ μυρίοις ἦσαν ἑξακισχίλιοι· τοῦ δὲ Ῥωμαικοῦ πλείους τῶν ἑπτὰ μυριάδων· ἐξ αὐτῆς μέντοι τῆς Ῥώμης ὁμοῦ τι δισμύριοι.
This was the order of battle of both armies, and the number of the king's force was seventy thousand infantry, among whom the Greeks who had crossed the Ionian Gulf were sixteen thousand; that of the Roman force was more than seventy thousand, of whom about twenty thousand were from Rome itself.
ἱππεῖς δὲ παρεγένοντο Ῥωμαίοις μὲν ἀμφὶ τοὺς ὀκτακισχιλίους, Πύρρῳ δὲ μικρῷ πλείους καὶ θηρία ἑνὸς δέοντα εἴκοσι. ατη.
The cavalry that came to the field numbered about eight thousand for the Romans, and slightly more for Pyrrhus, and of the beasts there were twenty lacking one.