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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §2.44.1-2.44.3

Deliberations of the Sabines and Romans on War and Peace

Passage 135 of 962 · Greek

Summary

The Sabines deliberate on whether to withdraw their forces or wait for reinforcements, finding both options and the prospect of initiating peace negotiations highly problematic. Meanwhile, the Romans are in equal perplexity, realizing that both returning and keeping the women carry grave disadvantages, and fearing that the haughty Sabines would offer no moderate terms for peace.

§2.44.1ταῖς δʼ ἑξῆς ἡμέραις οἵ τε Σαβῖνοι ἐν βουλῇ ἐγίνοντο πότερον ἀποίσουσιν ἐπʼ οἴκου τὰς δυνάμεις, ὅσα δύνανται τῆς χώρας τῶν πολεμίων κακώσαντες, ἢ προσμεταπέμπωνται στρατιὰν ἑτέραν οἴκοθεν καὶ προσμένωσι λιπαροῦντες ἕως τὸ κάλλιστον §2.44.2ἐπιθήσουσι τῷ πολέμῳ τέλος.
In the following days, the Sabines were deliberating whether they should withdraw their forces homeward, after ravaging as much of the enemy's territory as they could, or send for another army from home and remain, persisting obstinately until they should put a most glorious end to the war.
πονηρὸν δὲ αὐτοῖς καὶ τὸ ἀπιέναι μετʼ αἰσχύνης τῆς ἀπράκτου ἀναχωρήσεως ἐφαίνετο εἶναι καὶ τὸ μένειν οὐδενός σφισι χωροῦντος κατʼ ἐλπίδα.
For both to depart with the shame of an unsuccessful retreat and to remain when nothing was succeeding for them according to expectation seemed to them to be grievous.
συμβάσεως δὲ πέρι τὸ διαλέγεσθαι πρὸς τοὺς ἐχθρούς, ἥνπερ ἐδόκουν εἶναι μόνην εὐπρεπῆ τοῦ πολέμου ἀπαλλαγήν, οὐχ ἑαυτοῖς §2.44.3μᾶλλον ἢ Ῥωμαίοις ἁρμόττειν ὑπελάμβανον·
And as for negotiating with the enemy about an agreement, which they thought was the only honorable escape from the war, they supposed that it was no more fitting for themselves than for the Romans.
Ῥωμαῖοι δὲ οὐδὲν ἧττον ἀλλὰ καὶ μᾶλλον τῶν Σαβίνων εἰς πολλὴν ἀπορίαν ἐνέπιπτον ὅ τι χρήσαιντο τοῖς πράγμασιν.
The Romans, on their part, no less but even more than the Sabines, were falling into great perplexity as to how they should handle the situation.
οὔτε γὰρ ἀποδιδόναι τὰς γυναῖκας ἠξίουν οὔτε κατέχειν· τῷ μὲν ἧτταν ὁμολογουμένην ἀκολουθεῖν οἰόμενοι καὶ ἀναγκαῖόν σφισιν ἐσόμενον πᾶν ὅ τι ἂν ἄλλο ἐπιταχθῶσιν ὑπομένειν, τῷ δὲ πολλὰ καὶ δεινὰ ἐπιδεῖν χωρας τε πορθουμένης καὶ νεότητος τῆς κρατίστης ἀπολλυμένης· περὶ φιλίας τε εἰ διαλέγοιντο πρὸς τοὺς Σαβίνους, οὐδενὸς ὑπελάμβανον τεύξεσθαι τῶν μετρίων διὰ πολλὰ μὲν καὶ ἄλλα, μάλιστα δʼ ὅτι ταῖς αὐθαδείαις οὐ μετριότης γίνεται πρὸς τὸ ἀντίπαλον ἐπὶ θεραπείας τραπόμενον ἀλλὰ βαρύτης.
For they thought it right neither to return the women nor to keep them; thinking that upon the former, an acknowledged defeat would follow and it would be necessary for them to submit to whatever else might be commanded, and upon the latter, they would witness many terrible things as their land was being ravaged and the best of their youth was perishing; and if they should negotiate concerning friendship with the Sabines, they supposed they would obtain no moderate terms, for many other reasons, but especially because in arrogant minds, moderation does not arise toward an opponent who turns to conciliation, but rather severity.

Notes

  1. 2.44.1πότερον ἀποίσουσιν ... ἢ προσμεταπέμπωνται — A mixture of moods in the indirect double question introduced by πότερον ... ἢ ('whether... or...'). The first verb ἀποίσουσιν is in the future indicative, whereas the subsequent verbs προσμεταπέμπωνται and προσμένωσι are in the deliberative subjunctive. Such alternation between indicative and subjunctive moods is a well-known feature in classical and Hellenistic Greek indirect questions.
  2. 2.44.3ἀναγκαῖόν σφισιν ἐσόμενον — An accusative absolute construction using the impersonal future participle ἐσόμενον. In the indirect discourse introduced by οἰόμενοι ('thinking'), the impersonal construction ἀναγκαῖον ἔσται ('it will be necessary') is put into the accusative absolute form (ἀναγκαῖον ἐσόμενον).
  3. 2.44.3ταῖς αὐθαδείαις — The dative plural of the abstract noun αὐθάδεια ('arrogance, stubbornness'). Plural forms of abstract nouns often denote instances of that quality or 'arrogant dispositions/minds.' Here, it functions as a dative of possession or reference with γίνεται ('in/for arrogant minds, there does not arise...').

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §2.44.1-2.44.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:2.44.1-2.44.3

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